Grammar parses for passage 1.10.1
Open translation for this passage
Λυσιμάχῳ δὲ ἐπὶ μὲν Ἀριδαίου βασιλεύοντος καὶ ὕστερον Κασσάνδρου καὶ τῶν παίδων φιλία διέμεινε πρὸς Μακεδόνας·
The syntax centers on a main clause with διέμεινε, modified by a genitive absolute (ἐπὶ ... βασιλεύοντος) and coordinated temporal/genitive material; τῶν παίδων is the least certain attachment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λυσιμάχῳ | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N-S---DM- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 διέμεινε | iobj | high | Dative of reference/possessor with δίεμεινε contextually. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 14 διέμεινε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 βασιλεύοντος | case | high | Introduces temporal phrase. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 14 διέμεινε | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | Ἀριδαίου | Ἀριδαῖος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 βασιλεύοντος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of βασιλεύοντος. |
| 6 | βασιλεύοντος | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PPPAMG- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 διέμεινε | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 καὶ | cc | high | Connects the coordinated genitives. |
| 8 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 6 βασιλεύοντος | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the participial clause. |
| 9 | Κασσάνδρου | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 βασιλεύοντος | conj | high | Coordinated genitive with Ἀριδαίου. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 Κασσάνδρου | cc | high | First coordinator in the genitive list. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Genitive|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 παίδων | det | high | Article with παίδων. |
| 12 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 διέμεινε | nmod | medium | Likely genitive dependent of the verb phrase; syntax somewhat loose. |
| 13 | φιλία | φιλία | NOUN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 διέμεινε | nsubj | high | Subject of διέμεινε. |
| 14 | διέμεινε | διαμένω | VERB | V-3AAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 15 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Μακεδόνας | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 16 | Μακεδόνας | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-P---MA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 διέμεινε | obl | high | Prepositional complement. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 διέμεινε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
περιελθούσης δὲ ἐς Δημήτριον τὸν Ἀντιγόνου τῆς ἀρχῆς, ἐνταῦθα ἤδη Λυσίμαχος πολεμήσεσθαι ἤλπιζεν ὑπὸ Δημητρίου καὶ αὐτὸς ἄρχειν ἠξίου πολέμου, πατρῷον ἐπιστάμενος ὂν Δημητρίῳ προσπεριβάλλεσθαί τι ἐθέλειν καὶ ἅμα ὁρῶν αὐτὸν παρελθόντα ἐς Μακεδονίαν μετάπεμπτον ὑπὸ Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ Κασσάνδρου, ὡς δὲ ἀφίκετο, αὐτόν τε Ἀλέξανδρον φονεύσαντα καὶ ἔχοντα ἀντʼ ἐκείνου τὴν Μακεδόνων ἀρχήν.
The sentence is heavily participial and indirect-discourse based; main predication centers on ἤλπιζεν/ἠξίου with several nested participial clauses and genitive/accusative absolutes.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | περιελθούσης | περιέρχομαι | VERB | AORACTPTCP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἀρχῆς | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle modifying the clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 περιελθούσης | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 4 Δημήτριον | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 4 | Δημήτριον | Δημήτριος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀρχῆς | obl | high | Object of the preposition ἐς. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Ἀντιγόνου | det | high | Article modifying Ἀντιγόνου. |
| 6 | Ἀντιγόνου | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Δημήτριον | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Δημήτριον. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ἀρχῆς | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχῆς. |
| 8 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἤλπιζεν | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of περιελθούσης within the genitive absolute. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἤλπιζεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | _ | _ | 14 ἤλπιζεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἤλπιζεν. |
| 11 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | _ | _ | 14 ἤλπιζεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἤλπιζεν. |
| 12 | Λυσίμαχος | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἤλπιζεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἤλπιζεν. |
| 13 | πολεμήσεσθαι | πολεμέω | VERB | V-FN-- | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 14 ἤλπιζεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of ἤλπιζεν. |
| 14 | ἤλπιζεν | ἐλπίζω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 15 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 16 Δημητρίου | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 16 | Δημητρίου | Δημήτριος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πολεμήσεσθαι | obl | high | Agent of passive infinitive. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ἠξίου | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 18 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 20 ἠξίου | nsubj | high | Subject of ἠξίου. |
| 19 | ἄρχειν | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAI | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 20 ἠξίου | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of ἠξίου. |
| 20 | ἠξίου | ἀξιόω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 ἤλπιζεν | conj | high | Coordinated with ἤλπιζεν. |
| 21 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἄρχειν | obj | medium | Likely objective genitive with ἄρχειν. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἠξίου | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 23 | πατρῷον | πατρῷος | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 προσπεριβάλλεσθαί | obj | medium | Accusative adjective functioning substantively with προσπεριβάλλεσθαι; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 24 | ἐπιστάμενος | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V-PM/PMP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 20 ἠξίου | advcl | high | Supplementary participle modifying Lysimachus. |
| 25 | ὂν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 πατρῷον | cop | medium | Participial/copular form with πατρῷον; agreement is somewhat uncertain. |
| 26 | Δημητρίῳ | Δημήτριος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 προσπεριβάλλεσθαί | iobj | high | Dative complement of προσπεριβάλλεσθαι. |
| 27 | προσπεριβάλλεσθαί | προσπεριβάλλομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 24 ἐπιστάμενος | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by ἐπιστάμενος/ἐθέλειν chain. |
| 28 | τι | τις | PRON | P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 29 ἐθέλειν | obj | high | Object of ἐθέλειν. |
| 29 | ἐθέλειν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 27 προσπεριβάλλεσθαί | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement in indirect discourse. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 32 ὁρῶν | cc | high | Coordinates participles. |
| 31 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | _ | _ | 32 ὁρῶν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ὁρῶν. |
| 32 | ὁρῶν | ὁράω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἐπιστάμενος | conj | high | Participial clause coordinated with ἐπιστάμενος. |
| 33 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 34 παρελθόντα | obj | high | Object of παρελθόντα. |
| 34 | παρελθόντα | παρέρχομαι | VERB | V-AAP-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 32 ὁρῶν | xcomp | high | Accusative participle in indirect discourse dependent on ὁρῶν. |
| 35 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 36 Μακεδονίαν | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 36 | Μακεδονίαν | Μακεδονία | PROPN | NNP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 παρελθόντα | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 37 | μετάπεμπτον | μετάπεμπτος | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 παρελθόντα | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with παρελθόντα; parsing is somewhat uncertain. |
| 38 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 39 Ἀλεξάνδρου | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 39 | Ἀλεξάνδρου | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 μετάπεμπτον | obl | high | Agent/ablative-style modifier. |
| 40 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 41 Κασσάνδρου | det | high | Article modifying Κασσάνδρου. |
| 41 | Κασσάνδρου | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 Ἀλεξάνδρου | nmod | high | Genitive apposition/modifier of Ἀλεξάνδρου. |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 45 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 43 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 45 ἀφίκετο | mark | high | Introduces temporal/clausal complement. |
| 44 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 45 ἀφίκετο | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 45 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 20 ἠξίου | advcl | high | Adverbial clause within indirect discourse. |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 45 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 47 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 50 φονεύσαντα | obj | high | Object of φονεύσαντα. |
| 48 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 47 αὐτόν | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 49 | Ἀλέξανδρον | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 50 φονεύσαντα | obj | high | Object of φονεύσαντα. |
| 50 | φονεύσαντα | φονεύω | VERB | V-AAP-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 45 ἀφίκετο | xcomp | high | Aorist participle in apposition/indirect statement content. |
| 51 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 52 ἔχοντα | cc | high | Coordinates participles. |
| 52 | ἔχοντα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 45 ἀφίκετο | conj | high | Participial predicate coordinated with φονεύσαντα. |
| 53 | ἀντʼ | ἀντί | ADP | _ | _ | 54 ἐκείνου | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 54 | ἐκείνου | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 52 ἔχοντα | obl | high | Complement of ἀντί. |
| 55 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 57 ἀρχήν | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχήν. |
| 56 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | NNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 57 ἀρχήν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἀρχήν. |
| 57 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 52 ἔχοντα | obj | high | Object of ἔχοντα. |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἤλπιζεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |