Grammar parses for passage 1.10.2
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ πολὺ Μακεδονίας αὐτὸς Πύρρος κατεῖχε, δυνάμει τε ἥκων ἐξ Ἠπείρου καὶ πρὸς Λυσίμαχον ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἔχων ἐπιτηδείως.
The sentence has a main clause with substantivized τὸ πολύ as object and two coordinated circumstantial participles (ἥκων, ἔχων) sharing Πύρρος as subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | article | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 πολὺ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 7 κατεῖχε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | a--na-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 κατεῖχε | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, 'the greater part'. |
| 4 | Μακεδονίας | Μακεδονία | PROPN | n--g-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 πολὺ | nmod | high | |
| 5 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | p--nms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 6 Πύρρος | appos | medium | Intensive pronoun with the subject proper name. |
| 6 | Πύρρος | Πύρρος | PROPN | n--nms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 κατεῖχε | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | κατεῖχε | κατέχω | VERB | v3iaia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 κατεῖχε | punct | high | |
| 9 | δυνάμει | δύναμις | NOUN | n--d-s | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἥκων | obl | high | Dative of means. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | conj | _ | 11 ἥκων | cc | high | Correlative enclitic coordination. |
| 11 | ἥκων | ἥκω | VERB | v-sppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 κατεῖχε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, coordinated with ἔχων. |
| 12 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | prep | _ | 13 Ἠπείρου | case | high | |
| 13 | Ἠπείρου | Ἤπειρος | PROPN | n--g-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἥκων | obl | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | conj | _ | 20 ἔχων | cc | high | Coordinates the participles ἥκων and ἔχων. |
| 15 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | prep | _ | 16 Λυσίμαχον | case | high | |
| 16 | Λυσίμαχον | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | n--asm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἔχων | obl | high | |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | prep | _ | 18 τῷ | case | high | |
| 18 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | article | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 παρόντι | det | high | |
| 19 | παρόντι | πάρειμι | VERB | v-sppnad- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἐν | obl | high | Substantivized participle: 'the present circumstances/time'. |
| 20 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | v-sppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 κατεῖχε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle coordinated with ἥκων. |
| 21 | ἐπιτηδείως | ἐπιτηδείως | ADV | d-------- | _ | 20 ἔχων | advmod | medium | Adverb modifying ἔχων: favorably/disposedly. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 κατεῖχε | punct | high |
Δημητρίου δὲ διαβάντος ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν καὶ Σελεύκῳ πολεμοῦντος, ὅσον μὲν χρόνον ἀντεῖχε τὰ Δημητρίου, διέμεινεν ἡ Πύρρου καὶ Λυσιμάχου συμμαχία·
Genitive absolutes frame the temporal circumstance; ὅσον χρόνον introduces a duration clause with ἀντεῖχε, whose subject is the neuter plural τὰ Δημητρίου (‘Demetrius’ affairs/power’); the main subject is ἡ Πύρρου καὶ Λυσιμάχου συμμαχία.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δημητρίου | Δημήτριος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 διαβάντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 διέμεινεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | διαβάντος | διαβαίνω | VERB | V--GSA- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ptcp|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 18 διέμεινεν | advcl | high | Aorist genitive absolute participle. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Ἀσίαν | case | high | Variant of εἰς. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀσίαν | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἀσίαν | Ἀσία | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 διαβάντος | obl | high | Destination of διαβάντος. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 πολεμοῦντος | cc | high | Coordinates the second genitive-absolute participle. |
| 8 | Σελεύκῳ | Σέλευκος | PROPN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πολεμοῦντος | obl | high | Dative opponent/object with πολεμέω. |
| 9 | πολεμοῦντος | πολεμέω | VERB | V--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ptcp|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 διέμεινεν | advcl | medium | Second coordinated genitive-absolute participle; implicit subject is Δημητρίου. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 διέμεινεν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὅσον | ὅσος | PRON | P--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 χρόνον | det | high | Correlative quantity determiner modifying χρόνον. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 14 ἀντεῖχε | discourse | high | Correlative particle; no following δέ in this sentence. |
| 13 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀντεῖχε | obl | high | Accusative of duration. |
| 14 | ἀντεῖχε | ἀντέχω | VERB | V-IAIA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 18 διέμεινεν | advcl | high | Duration clause governed by ὅσον χρόνον. |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L--NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 Δημητρίου | det | high | Article substantivizing Δημητρίου. |
| 16 | Δημητρίου | Δημήτριος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀντεῖχε | nsubj | high | Genitive dependent on substantivized τὰ: Demetrius’ affairs/power. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 διέμεινεν | punct | high | |
| 18 | διέμεινεν | διαμένω | VERB | V-IAIA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 συμμαχία | det | high | |
| 20 | Πύρρου | Πύρρος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 συμμαχία | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on συμμαχία. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 Λυσιμάχου | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive dependents. |
| 22 | Λυσιμάχου | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Πύρρου | conj | high | Coordinated genitive dependent; attachment to Πύρρου is preferred. |
| 23 | συμμαχία | συμμαχία | NOUN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 διέμεινεν | nsubj | high | |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 διέμεινεν | punct | high |
γενομένου δὲ ἐπὶ Σελεύκῳ Δημητρίου Λυσιμάχῳ καὶ Πύρρῳ διελύθη ἡ φιλία, καὶ καταστάντων ἐς πόλεμον Λυσίμαχος Ἀντιγόνῳ τε τῷ Δημητρίου καὶ αὐτῷ Πύρρῳ πολεμήσας ἐκράτησε παρὰ πολὺ καὶ Μακεδονίαν ἔσχεν, ἀναχωρῆσαι Πύρρον βιασάμενος ἐς τὴν Ἤπειρον.
Genitive absolutes (γενομένου ... and καταστάντων ...) frame the dissolution and ensuing war; πολεμήσας modifies Λυσίμαχος, while ἀναχωρῆσαι is an infinitival complement of βιασάμενος. The coordination around Δημητρίου is syntactically compressed; Δημητρίου modifies Ἀντιγόνῳ and also belongs to the first genitive absolute phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενομένου | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 9 διελύθη | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 διελύθη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Σελεύκῳ | case | high | |
| 4 | Σελεύκῳ | Σέλευκος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 γενομένου | obl | high | Dative with ἐπί. |
| 5 | Δημητρίου | Δημήτριος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Λυσιμάχῳ | nmod | medium | Genitive name in the first genitive absolute. |
| 6 | Λυσιμάχῳ | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 γενομένου | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 Πύρρῳ | cc | high | |
| 8 | Πύρρῳ | Πύρρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Λυσιμάχῳ | conj | high | Genitive-absolute conjunct; form is homonymous with dative. |
| 9 | διελύθη | διαλύω | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 φιλία | det | high | |
| 11 | φιλία | φιλία | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 διελύθη | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 διελύθη | punct | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 ἐκράτησε | cc | high | Coordinates the ensuing finite clause. |
| 14 | καταστάντων | καθίστημι | VERB | V-2AAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 26 ἐκράτησε | advcl | high | Second genitive absolute, with omitted contextual subject. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 πόλεμον | case | high | |
| 16 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 καταστάντων | obl | high | Destination/state with καταστάντων. |
| 17 | Λυσίμαχος | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐκράτησε | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | Ἀντιγόνῳ | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 πολεμήσας | obl | medium | Dative opponent with πολεμέω. |
| 19 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 Ἀντιγόνῳ | cc | high | |
| 20 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀντιγόνῳ | det | high | |
| 21 | Δημητρίου | Δημήτριος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀντιγόνῳ | nmod | high | Patronymic/possessive genitive with Ἀντιγόνῳ. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 αὐτῷ | cc | high | |
| 23 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 25 πολεμήσας | obl | high | Dative coordinated opponent, referring to Πύρρῳ. |
| 24 | Πύρρῳ | Πύρρος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 αὐτῷ | appos | high | Apposition to αὐτῷ. |
| 25 | πολεμήσας | πολεμέω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 26 ἐκράτησε | advcl | high | Agrees with Λυσίμαχος. |
| 26 | ἐκράτησε | κρατέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 διελύθη | conj | high | Finite verb coordinated with διελύθη. |
| 27 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 28 πολὺ | case | high | |
| 28 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 26 ἐκράτησε | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘by much/far’. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 31 ἔσχεν | cc | high | Coordinates ἔσχεν with ἐκράτησε. |
| 30 | Μακεδονίαν | Μακεδονία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἔσχεν | obj | high | |
| 31 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 26 ἐκράτησε | conj | high | |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἐκράτησε | punct | high | |
| 33 | ἀναχωρῆσαι | ἀναχωρέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 35 βιασάμενος | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of βιασάμενος. |
| 34 | Πύρρον | Πύρρος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 ἀναχωρῆσαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 35 | βιασάμενος | βιάζω | VERB | V-AMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 26 ἐκράτησε | advcl | high | Agrees with Λυσίμαχος; causative force ‘having forced’. |
| 36 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 38 Ἤπειρον | case | high | |
| 37 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 Ἤπειρον | det | high | |
| 38 | Ἤπειρον | Ἤπειρος | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἀναχωρῆσαι | obl | high | Goal of ἀναχωρῆσαι. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 διελύθη | punct | high |