Grammar parses for passage 1.10.4
Open translation for this passage
ὡς γὰρ δὴ τότε ὁ Λυσίμαχος ἀνελεῖν τὸν Ἀγαθοκλέα Ἀρσινόῃ παρῆκε, Λυσάνδρα παρὰ Σέλευκον ἐκδιδράσκει τούς τε παῖδας ἅμα ἀγομένη καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς τοὺς αὑτῆς, †οἷ περιελθὸν τοῦτο ἐς Πτολεμαῖον καταφεύγουσι.
The clause after † is textually corrupt: οἷ, περιελθὸν, and καταφεύγουσι have uncertain agreement and attachment; the analysis preserves the most plausible broad structure while marking low confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 παρῆκε | mark | high | Temporal/circumstantial conjunction introducing the preceding clause. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PART | _ | 11 παρῆκε | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 4 τότε | advmod | high | Emphatic particle modifying τότε. |
| 4 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | _ | 11 παρῆκε | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Λυσίμαχος | det | high | |
| 6 | Λυσίμαχος | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 παρῆκε | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ἀνελεῖν | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-.....-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 παρῆκε | xcomp | high | Aorist infinitive complementary to παρῆκε. |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ἀγαθοκλέα | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἀγαθοκλέα | Ἀγαθοκλέης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνελεῖν | obj | high | Object of ἀνελεῖν. |
| 10 | Ἀρσινόῃ | Ἀρσινόη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 παρῆκε | iobj | high | Dative person entrusted with the action. |
| 11 | παρῆκε | παρίημι | VERB | V-3AAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the temporal clause. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 παρῆκε | punct | high | |
| 13 | Λυσάνδρα | Λυσάνδρα | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐκδιδράσκει | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 15 Σέλευκον | case | high | With accusative, indicating movement away/from. |
| 15 | Σέλευκον | Σέλευκος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐκδιδράσκει | obl | high | Source/place with παρὰ. |
| 16 | ἐκδιδράσκει | ἐκδιδράσκω | VERB | V-3PAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 παρῆκε | parataxis | high | Coordinate main event following the temporal clause. |
| 17 | τούς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 παῖδας | det | high | |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 παῖδας | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 19 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἀγομένη | obj | high | Object of ἀγομένη. |
| 20 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | ADV | _ | 21 ἀγομένη | advmod | high | Adverb meaning together/at the same time. |
| 21 | ἀγομένη | ἄγω | VERB | V-PMPNSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 16 ἐκδιδράσκει | advcl | medium | Circumstantial middle participle, ‘taking/leading along’; its exact attachment is somewhat compressed. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 ἀδελφοὺς | cc | high | Coordinates the second object with παῖδας. |
| 23 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἀδελφοὺς | det | high | |
| 24 | ἀδελφοὺς | ἀδελφός | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἀγομένη | obj | high | Second coordinated object of ἀγομένη. |
| 25 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 αὑτῆς | det | high | Article in the attributive possessive phrase. |
| 26 | αὑτῆς | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 24 ἀδελφοὺς | nmod | medium | Reflexive possessive genitive; article agreement is irregular or textual. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐκδιδράσκει | punct | high | |
| 28 | † | † | SYM | _ | _ | 29 οἷ | dep | low | Textual-crux marker, not a syntactic word. |
| 29 | οἷ | ὅς | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 34 καταφεύγουσι | obl | low | Corrupt or uncertain relative form; likely dative plural relative pronoun referring to the children and brothers. |
| 30 | περιελθὸν | περιέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAPNSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 34 καταφεύγουσι | advcl | low | Neuter singular aorist participle with unclear antecedent/agreement; textual syntax is corrupt. |
| 31 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | P-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 30 περιελθὸν | obj | medium | Object of περιελθόν; may alternatively represent a corrupt phrase. |
| 32 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 33 Πτολεμαῖον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 33 | Πτολεμαῖον | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 καταφεύγουσι | obl | high | Goal of καταφεύγουσι. |
| 34 | καταφεύγουσι | καταφεύγω | VERB | V-3PAI-P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 ἐκδιδράσκει | parataxis | low | Plural verb in a corrupt final clause; likely refers to the persons being taken along, but antecedence is uncertain. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 παρῆκε | punct | high |
τούτοις ἐκδιδράσκουσι παρὰ Σέλευκον καὶ Ἀλέξανδρος ἠκολούθησεν, υἱὸς μὲν Λυσιμάχου, γεγονὼς δὲ ἐξ Ὀδρυσιάδος γυναικός.
The initial dative participle is circumstantial and refers to the previously mentioned persons; the final participial phrase gives Alexander’s parentage, with μέν...δέ contrasting his father and mother.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | PD-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ἐκδιδράσκουσι | obl | high | Dative with ἐκδιδράσκουσι, ‘fleeing from these/among these’. |
| 2 | ἐκδιδράσκουσι | ἐκδιδράσκω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἠκολούθησεν | advcl | medium | Present active participle, dative masculine plural; circumstantial participle referring to the understood group. |
| 3 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 4 Σέλευκον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 4 | Σέλευκον | Σέλευκος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 ἐκδιδράσκουσι | obl | high | Accusative object of παρά, indicating direction toward Seleucus. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἠκολούθησεν | cc | high | Coordinates the participial circumstance with the main clause. |
| 6 | Ἀλέξανδρος | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἠκολούθησεν | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of ἠκολούθησεν. |
| 7 | ἠκολούθησεν | ἀκολουθέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist indicative main verb. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἠκολούθησεν | punct | high | |
| 9 | υἱὸς | υἱός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀλέξανδρος | appos | high | Appositional identification of Alexander. |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 9 υἱὸς | advmod | high | Correlative particle introducing the first member of a μέν...δέ contrast. |
| 11 | Λυσιμάχου | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 υἱὸς | nmod | high | Genitive of parentage: son of Lysimachus. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 υἱὸς | punct | high | |
| 13 | γεγονὼς | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RAP-NSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 9 υἱὸς | acl | high | Perfect active participle, nominative masculine singular, coordinated by δέ. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | PART | _ | 13 γεγονὼς | cc | high | Second member of μέν...δέ. |
| 15 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 16 Ὀδρυσιάδος | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 16 | Ὀδρυσιάδος | Ὀδρυσιάς | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 γεγονὼς | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐξ, identifying the mother. |
| 17 | γυναικός | γυνή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 γεγονὼς | obl | medium | Genitive apposition or elaboration with Ὀδρυσιάδος: ‘of the Odrysian woman’. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἠκολούθησεν | punct | high |
οὗτοί τε οὖν ἐς Βαβυλῶνα ἀναβεβηκότες ἱκέτευον Σέλευκον ἐς πόλεμον πρὸς Λυσίμαχον καταστῆναι·
οὗτοί is the subject of ἱκέτευον; ἀναβεβηκότες is a supplementary circumstantial participle. The infinitive καταστῆναι is the object-complement of ἱκέτευον, with Σέλευκον as its accusative subject; ἐς πόλεμον is an idiomatic complement of καταστῆναι, and πρὸς Λυσίμαχον specifies the opponent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτοί | οὗτος | PRON | RD-PNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἱκέτευον | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | 粒 | _ | 1 οὗτοί | cc | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | 粒 | _ | 7 ἱκέτευον | advmod | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 5 Βαβυλῶνα | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 5 | Βαβυλῶνα | Βαβυλών | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀναβεβηκότες | obl | high | Goal complement of ἀναβεβηκότες. |
| 6 | ἀναβεβηκότες | ἀναβαίνω | VERB | V-RAPNM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 7 ἱκέτευον | advcl | high | Circumstantial perfect participle agreeing with οὗτοί. |
| 7 | ἱκέτευον | ἱκετεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | Σέλευκον | Σέλευκος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 καταστῆναι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the complementary infinitive. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 10 πόλεμον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 10 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 καταστῆναι | obl | medium | Idiomatic goal/purpose complement with καταστῆναι. |
| 11 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 12 Λυσίμαχον | case | high | |
| 12 | Λυσίμαχον | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 πόλεμον | nmod | medium | Opponent associated with πόλεμον; attachment to πόλεμον is preferred. |
| 13 | καταστῆναι | καθίστημι | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἱκέτευον | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἱκέτευον. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἱκέτευον | punct | high |
καὶ Φιλέταιρος ἅμα, ᾧ τὰ χρήματα ἐπετέτραπτο Λυσιμάχου, τῇ τε Ἀγαθοκλέους τελευτῇ χαλεπῶς φέρων καὶ τὰ παρὰ τῆς Ἀρσινόης ὕποπτα ἡγούμενος καταλαμβάνει Πέργαμον τὴν ὑπὲρ Καΐκου,
Main predicate καταλαμβάνει has subject Φιλέταιρος; ᾧ introduces a relative clause with dative possessor/recipient relation to χρήματα. The participles φέρων and ἡγούμενος are coordinated circumstantial predicates of Φιλέταιρος; τὴν ὑπὲρ Καΐκου is an appositional/attributive specification of Πέργαμον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 2 Φιλέταιρος | cc | high | |
| 2 | Φιλέταιρος | Φιλέταιρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 καταλαμβάνει | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | ADV | _ | 24 καταλαμβάνει | advmod | high | Temporal/adverbial modifier, ‘at the same time’. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 24 καταλαμβάνει | punct | high | |
| 5 | ᾧ | ὅς | PRON | PRON-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπετέτραπτο | iobj | medium | Relative pronoun, dative with ἐπιτρέπω; antecedent is Φιλέταιρος. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 χρήματα | det | high | |
| 7 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπετέτραπτο | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἐπετέτραπτο | ἐπιτρέπω | VERB | V-LPI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Pass | 24 καταλαμβάνει | acl:relcl | medium | Pluperfect passive; relative clause has implicit/understood subject connected with ᾧ. |
| 9 | Λυσιμάχου | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπετέτραπτο | nmod | high | Genitive of the person whose funds were entrusted. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 24 καταλαμβάνει | punct | high | |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 τελευτῇ | det | high | |
| 12 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 φέρων | cc | high | Correlative τε with the following καί. |
| 13 | Ἀγαθοκλέους | Ἀγαθοκλῆς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 τελευτῇ | nmod | high | |
| 14 | τελευτῇ | τελευτή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 φέρων | obl | high | Dative with φέρω: distressed by the death. |
| 15 | χαλεπῶς | χαλεπῶς | ADV | ADV | _ | 16 φέρων | advmod | high | |
| 16 | φέρων | φέρω | VERB | V-PAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 καταλαμβάνει | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Φιλέταιρος. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 ἡγούμενος | cc | high | |
| 18 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ὕποπτα | det | high | |
| 19 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 Ἀρσινόης | case | high | |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 Ἀρσινόης | det | high | |
| 21 | Ἀρσινόης | Ἀρσινόη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ὕποπτα | nmod | high | |
| 22 | ὕποπτα | ὕποπτος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ἡγούμενος | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘suspicious things’. |
| 23 | ἡγούμενος | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-PMPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 24 καταλαμβάνει | advcl | high | Coordinated circumstantial participle agreeing with Φιλέταιρος. |
| 24 | καταλαμβάνει | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-PAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 25 | Πέργαμον | Πέργαμον | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 καταλαμβάνει | obj | high | |
| 26 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 Πέργαμον | det | high | Article introducing an attributive/appositional specification. |
| 27 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | PREP | _ | 28 Καΐκου | case | high | |
| 28 | Καΐκου | Καΐκος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 Πέργαμον | nmod | high | Genitive governed by ὑπέρ. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 24 καταλαμβάνει | punct | high |
πέμψας δὲ κήρυκα τά τε χρήματα καὶ αὑτὸν ἐδίδου Σελεύκῳ.
πέμψας is a circumstantial aorist participle with an implicit subject; κήρυκα is its accusative object, while τά τε χρήματα καὶ αὑτὸν are coordinated objects of ἐδίδου. Σελεύκῳ is the dative recipient.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πέμψας | πέμπω | VERB | VAAP-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 9 ἐδίδου | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle; subject is implicit. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἐδίδου | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | κήρυκα | κῆρυξ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 πέμψας | obj | high | Accusative object of πέμψας. |
| 4 | τά | ὁ | DET | RA-ANP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 χρήματα | det | high | Article agreeing with χρήματα. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 χρήματα | cc | high | First member of τε ... καὶ coordination. |
| 6 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-ANP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐδίδου | obj | high | First coordinated accusative object of ἐδίδου. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 αὑτὸν | cc | high | Coordinates αὑτόν with χρήματα. |
| 8 | αὑτὸν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | PX-ASM3 | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 9 ἐδίδου | conj | high | Second coordinated accusative object; reflexive pronoun. |
| 9 | ἐδίδου | δίδωμι | VERB | VIAI3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 10 | Σελεύκῳ | Σέλευκος | PROPN | NE-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐδίδου | iobj | high | Dative recipient. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐδίδου | punct | high |