Grammar parses for passage 1.10.5
Open translation for this passage
Λυσίμαχος δὲ ταῦτα πάντα πυνθανόμενος ἔφθη διαβὰς ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν καὶ ἄρξας αὐτὸς πολέμου συμβαλών τε Σελεύκῳ παρὰ πολύ τε ἐκρατήθη καὶ αὐτὸς ἀπέθανεν.
The sentence is built around ἔφθη, with circumstantial aorist participles and coordinated finite results ἐκρατήθη ... καὶ ἀπέθανεν; συμβαλών is treated as a participial circumstance leading into the defeat.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λυσίμαχος | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N--SMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἔφθη | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἔφθη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 πυνθανόμενος | obj | high | |
| 4 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ταῦτα | amod | high | Adjectival modifier agreeing with ταῦτα. |
| 5 | πυνθανόμενος | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V-PMPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 6 ἔφθη | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with subject Λυσίμαχος. |
| 6 | ἔφθη | φθάνω | VERB | V-AAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Finite verb construed with following participles, in the sense ‘was beforehand/quickly’. |
| 7 | διαβὰς | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-AAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἔφθη | advcl | high | |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Ἀσίαν | case | high | |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀσίαν | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἀσίαν | Ἀσία | PROPN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 διαβὰς | obl | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἄρξας | cc | high | Coordinates participial actions. |
| 12 | ἄρξας | ἄρχω | VERB | V-AAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἔφθη | advcl | high | Aorist participle, ‘having begun’. |
| 13 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 12 ἄρξας | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject of ἄρξας. |
| 14 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἄρξας | obj | medium | Genitive object/complement with ἄρχω. |
| 15 | συμβαλών | συμβάλλω | VERB | V-AAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἐκρατήθη | advcl | medium | Aorist participle linked to the ensuing battle/result clause. |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 συμβαλών | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator in τε ... τε. |
| 17 | Σελεύκῳ | Σέλευκος | PROPN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 συμβαλών | obl | high | Dative opponent with συμβάλλω. |
| 18 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 πολύ | case | high | |
| 19 | πολύ | πολύς | ADV | A----NSN | Degree=Pos | 21 ἐκρατήθη | advmod | high | Adverbial ‘by far/greatly’. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἐκρατήθη | cc | high | Second member of τε ... τε. |
| 21 | ἐκρατήθη | κρατέω | VERB | V-API3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 6 ἔφθη | conj | high | Coordinated finite result clause: ‘was decisively defeated’. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 ἀπέθανεν | cc | high | |
| 23 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 24 ἀπέθανεν | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject, contrasting the passive defeat with his death. |
| 24 | ἀπέθανεν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 ἔφθη | conj | high | Coordinated finite predicate. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔφθη | punct | high |
Ἀλέξανδρος δέ, ὃς ἐκ τῆς γυναικὸς Ὀδρυσίδος ἐγεγόνει οἱ, πολλὰ Λυσάνδραν παραιτησάμενος ἀναιρεῖταί τε καὶ ὕστερον τούτων ἐς Χερρόνησον κομίσας ἔθαψεν, ἔνθα ἔτι καὶ νῦν ἐστίν οἱ φανερὸς ὁ τάφος Καρδίας τε μεταξὺ κώμης καὶ Πακτύης.
The sentence contains coordinated narrative predicates ἀναιρεῖται ... ἔθαψεν, followed by a locative ἔνθα-clause; ἐστίν is treated as a separate root-like predicate because UD permits only one formal root but the clause is syntactically independent after the comma.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀλέξανδρος | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | Nbmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀναιρεῖταί | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἀναιρεῖταί | cc | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 15 ἀναιρεῖταί | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P--MNS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 9 ἐγεγόνει | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 γυναικὸς | case | high | |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GSFS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 γυναικὸς | det | high | |
| 7 | γυναικὸς | γυνή | NOUN | N-GSFS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐγεγόνει | obl | high | |
| 8 | Ὀδρυσίδος | Ὀδρυσίς | ADJ | A-GSFS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 γυναικὸς | amod | medium | Ethnic adjective used substantivally/attributively. |
| 9 | ἐγεγόνει | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--LIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Act | 15 ἀναιρεῖταί | acl:relcl | high | |
| 10 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-S---DS- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 9 ἐγεγόνει | iobj | medium | Clitic dative, likely possessive/relational: 'had been born to him'. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 15 ἀναιρεῖταί | punct | high | |
| 12 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADV | A----AN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 παραιτησάμενος | advmod | medium | Neuter accusative used adverbially, 'much/often'. |
| 13 | Λυσάνδραν | Λυσάνδρα | PROPN | Nbfsn | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 παραιτησάμενος | obj | high | |
| 14 | παραιτησάμενος | παραιτέομαι | VERB | V--AMPNS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 ἀναιρεῖταί | advcl | high | |
| 15 | ἀναιρεῖταί | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-PPM3-S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle/passive form in coordinated narrative predicate. |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἀναιρεῖταί | cc | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 ἔθαψεν | cc | high | Coordinates the later predicate with ἀναιρεῖται. |
| 18 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 23 ἔθαψεν | advmod | high | |
| 19 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | P---GN-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 18 ὕστερον | obl | medium | Genitive of time/reference, 'after these events'. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 Χερρόνησον | case | high | |
| 21 | Χερρόνησον | Χερρόνησος | PROPN | Nbfasn | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 κομίσας | obl | high | |
| 22 | κομίσας | κομίζω | VERB | V-AAPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 ἔθαψεν | advcl | high | |
| 23 | ἔθαψεν | θάπτω | VERB | V-AAI3-S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 ἀναιρεῖταί | conj | high | |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 23 ἔθαψεν | punct | high | |
| 25 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 29 ἐστίν | advmod | high | Locative relative adverb introducing the following clause. |
| 26 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 29 ἐστίν | advmod | high | |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 νῦν | advmod | high | Part of the additive expression ἔτι καὶ νῦν. |
| 28 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 29 ἐστίν | advmod | high | |
| 29 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI3-S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Existential/copular clause; attached as a second root-like predicate coordinated with the preceding narrative. |
| 30 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-S---DS- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 29 ἐστίν | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/reference: 'for him'. |
| 31 | φανερὸς | φανερός | ADJ | A-NMS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐστίν | xcomp | high | |
| 32 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-NMS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 33 τάφος | det | high | |
| 33 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | N-NMS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 φανερὸς | nsubj | high | |
| 34 | Καρδίας | Καρδία | PROPN | Nbfgs-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 μεταξὺ | nmod | high | |
| 35 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 34 Καρδίας | cc | high | Correlative τε with the following τε after Πακτύης. |
| 36 | μεταξὺ | μεταξύ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 33 τάφος | case | high | Postposition governing the coordinated genitives. |
| 37 | κώμης | κώμη | NOUN | N-GSFS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 μεταξὺ | obl | high | |
| 38 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 39 Πακτύης | cc | high | |
| 39 | Πακτύης | Πακτύη | PROPN | Nbfgs-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 κώμης | conj | high | |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 29 ἐστίν | punct | high |