Grammar parses for passage 1.11.1
Open translation for this passage
τὰ μὲν οὖν Λυσιμάχου τοιαῦτα ἐγένετο·
τὰ ... τοιαῦτα is a neuter plural nominal predicate: “such were the events concerning Lysimachus”; μὲν οὖν forms a discourse connective pair.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 τοιαῦτα | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 6 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Correlative particle, anticipating οὖν. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | X | _ | 6 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Inferential connective with μὲν. |
| 4 | Λυσιμάχου | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 τοιαῦτα | nmod | high | Genitive of reference/association: “concerning Lysimachus.” |
| 5 | τοιαῦτα | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter plural adjective; nominative predicate subject. |
| 6 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle, 3rd singular; agrees by default with the neuter plural subject. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐγένετο | punct | high |
Ἀθηναίοις δὲ εἰκών ἐστι καὶ Πύρρου.
Copular clause: εἰκών is the predicate nominative with implied/expressed ἐστι; Ἀθηναίοις is a dative of possession/association, and Πύρρου is a genitive dependent on εἰκών (‘an image of Pyrrhus’).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 εἰκών | iobj | high | Dative of possession or association with εἰκών. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 3 εἰκών | cc | high | |
| 3 | εἰκών | εἰκών | NOUN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate nominative in the copular clause. |
| 4 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 εἰκών | cop | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 Πύρρου | cc | high | Coordinates the second possessive/genitival phrase. |
| 6 | Πύρρου | Πύρρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 εἰκών | nmod | high | Genitive of identification/content: ‘of Pyrrhus’. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 εἰκών | punct | high |
Αἰακίδου γὰρ τοῦ Ἀρύββου Πύρρος ἦν, Ὀλυμπιάδος δὲ Ἀλέξανδρος τῆς Νεοπτολέμου, Νεοπτολέμῳ δὲ καὶ Ἀρύββᾳ πατὴρ ἦν Ἀλκέτας ὁ Θαρύπου.
The sentence contains coordinated lineage clauses with ellipsis in the first two; the final clause states that Alcetas, son of Tharyppus, was father to Neoptolemus and Arrybas.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Αἰακίδου | Αἰακίδης | PROPN | Ne Gen Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Πύρρος | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive of lineage. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | -------- | _ | 6 ἦν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art Gen Sg Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀρύββου | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀρύββου | Ἄρρυβας | PROPN | Ne Gen Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Πύρρος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on the patronymic expression. |
| 5 | Πύρρος | Πύρρος | PROPN | Ne Nom Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3 Impf Act Ind 3 Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb; predicate is understood from the genitive lineage phrase. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 8 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | PROPN | Ne Gen Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀλέξανδρος | nmod | high | Genitive lineage phrase for Alexander. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 10 Ἀλέξανδρος | cc | high | |
| 10 | Ἀλέξανδρος | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | Ne Nom Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Subject of an elliptical/copular lineage clause. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art Gen Sg Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Νεοπτολέμου | det | high | |
| 12 | Νεοπτολέμου | Νεοπτόλεμος | PROPN | Ne Gen Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀλέξανδρος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 Ἀλέξανδρος | punct | high | |
| 14 | Νεοπτολέμῳ | Νεοπτόλεμος | PROPN | Ne Dat Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 πατὴρ | nmod | high | Dative of possessor/relationship with πατήρ. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 18 πατὴρ | cc | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 17 Ἀρύββᾳ | cc | high | Coordinates the two dative possessors. |
| 17 | Ἀρύββᾳ | Ἄρρυβας | PROPN | Ne Dat Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 πατὴρ | nmod | high | Second dative possessor/relationship complement. |
| 18 | πατὴρ | πατήρ | NOUN | N Nom Sg Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἦν | nsubj | high | Predicate/subject noun in the existential lineage clause. |
| 19 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3 Impf Act Ind 3 Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the final clause; coordinates semantically with the earlier ἦν. |
| 20 | Ἀλκέτας | Ἀλκέτας | PROPN | Ne Nom Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἦν | nsubj | high | Father's identity, in apposition to πατήρ. |
| 21 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art Nom Sg Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Θαρύπου | det | high | |
| 22 | Θαρύπου | Θάρυππος | PROPN | Ne Gen Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Ἀλκέτας | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive modifying Ἀλκέτας. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἦν | punct | high |
ἀπὸ δὲ Θαρύπου ἐς Πύρρον τὸν Ἀχιλλέως πέντε ἀνδρῶν καὶ δέκα εἰσὶ γενεαί·
Existential εἰσί governs γενεαί; the prepositional phrases mark the genealogical span from Tharypus to Pyrrhus, with τὸν Ἀχιλλέως identifying Pyrrhus as Achilles' son. The coordination πέντε ... καὶ δέκα expresses fifteen generations; exact attachment of the genitive ἀνδρῶν is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 3 Θαρύπου | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 εἰσὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | Θαρύπου | Θάρυπος | PROPN | Ne-s---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 εἰσὶ | obl | high | Object of ἀπό. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 5 Πύρρον | case | high | |
| 5 | Πύρρον | Πύρρος | PROPN | Ne-s---a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 εἰσὶ | obl | high | Goal/object of ἐς. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Pd-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Πύρρον | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀχιλλέως | Ἀχιλλεύς | PROPN | Ne-s---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Πύρρον | nmod | high | Patronymic/possessive genitive: son or descendant of Achilles. |
| 8 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | M---- | NumType=Card | 13 γενεαί | nummod | high | First numeral in the coordinated count. |
| 9 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 πέντε | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on the numeral/count, with elliptical or idiomatic construction. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 δέκα | cc | high | |
| 11 | δέκα | δέκα | NUM | M---- | NumType=Card | 8 πέντε | conj | high | Coordinates with πέντε to form fifteen. |
| 12 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-3PAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | γενεαί | γενεά | NOUN | N-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσί. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 εἰσὶ | punct | high |
καί οἱ παῖς ἐκ μὲν Ἑρμιόνης ἐγένετο οὐδείς, ἐξ Ἀνδρομάχης δὲ Μολοσσὸς καὶ Πίελος καὶ νεώτατος ὁ Πέργαμος.
The first clause has οἱ παῖς as a nominative subject with an implicit/elliptical sense ‘he had no child’; the second clause coordinates the children born from Andromache. ἐγένετο is analyzed as an intransitive aorist ‘was born/came to be’; the final predicate nominative νεώτατος agrees with Πέργαμος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐγένετο | cc | high | |
| 2 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 παῖς | det | high | Article with παῖς. |
| 3 | παῖς | παῖς | NOUN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο; semantically ‘child/son’. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Ἑρμιόνης | case | high | |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 7 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with δέ. |
| 6 | Ἑρμιόνης | Ἑρμιόνη | PROPN | NE-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Source/parentage complement with ἐκ. |
| 7 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Intransitive aorist, ‘was born/came to be’; subject is παῖς. |
| 8 | οὐδείς | οὐδείς | PRON | A--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐγένετο | nsubj | medium | Nominal predicate/elliptical negative existential complement: ‘no child’; alternatively appositional to παῖς. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 Ἀνδρομάχης | case | high | |
| 11 | Ἀνδρομάχης | Ἀνδρομάχη | PROPN | NE-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Μολοσσὸς | obl | high | Source/parentage complement governing the coordinated names. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 Μολοσσὸς | cc | high | Correlative with μέν; introduces the second clause. |
| 13 | Μολοσσὸς | Μολοσσός | PROPN | NE-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐγένετο | conj | high | First coordinated subject/name in the elliptical second clause. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 Πίελος | cc | high | |
| 15 | Πίελος | Πίελος | PROPN | NE-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Μολοσσὸς | conj | high | Second coordinated name. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 νεώτατος | cc | high | |
| 17 | νεώτατος | νέος | ADJ | A-SNSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Πέργαμος | amod | high | Superlative adjective, ‘youngest’; predicative in sense but attached to Πέργαμος. |
| 18 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Πέργαμος | det | high | |
| 19 | Πέργαμος | Πέργαμος | PROPN | NE-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Μολοσσὸς | conj | high | Third coordinated name; ὁ Πέργαμος is the youngest. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐγένετο | punct | high |