Grammar parses for passage 1.11.1
Open translation for this passage
τὰ μὲν οὖν Λυσιμάχου τοιαῦτα ἐγένετο·
The sentence is elliptical and stylistically marked; τὰ μὲν ... τοιαῦτα is best taken as the subject/predicative frame of ἐγένετο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Neuter plural article used substantively; exact syntax somewhat loose in context. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | d-------- | _ | 6 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | d-------- | _ | 6 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Inferential/discourse particle. |
| 4 | Λυσιμάχου | Λυσίμαχος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 τὰ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of τὰ. |
| 5 | τοιαῦτα | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐγένετο | obj | medium | Likely predicative/copy of the clause sense; function somewhat context-dependent. |
| 6 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | v--3saia- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
οὗτος ὁ Πύρρος Ἀλεξάνδρῳ προσῆκεν οὐδέν, εἰ μὴ ὅσα κατὰ γένος·
The clause εἰ μὴ ὅσα κατὰ γένος is an exception phrase dependent on προσῆκεν; ὅσα is treated as the object of the prepositional phrase by analogy with a relative expression.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 3 Πύρρος | det | high | Demonstrative modifying Πύρρος. |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Ra-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Πύρρος | det | high | Article with Πύρρος. |
| 3 | Πύρρος | Πύρρος | PROPN | Np-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 προσῆκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of προσῆκεν. |
| 4 | Ἀλεξάνδρῳ | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | Np-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 προσῆκεν | obl | high | Dative complement with προσήκω, 'to belong to'. |
| 5 | προσῆκεν | προσήκω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verbal root. |
| 6 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | Ri-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 5 προσῆκεν | obj | medium | Accusative of extent/thing in the idiom 'nothing'. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 προσῆκεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C | _ | 5 προσῆκεν | mark | high | Conditional marker introducing exception clause. |
| 9 | μὴ | μή | PART | D | _ | 8 εἰ | advmod | high | Negating particle with εἰ. |
| 10 | ὅσα | ὅσος | PRON | Pk-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 11 κατὰ | obj | high | Relative pronoun, head of the exception phrase. |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 12 γένος | case | high | Preposition governing γένος. |
| 12 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 προσῆκεν | obl | high | Prepositional phrase; semantically 'by race/descent'. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 προσῆκεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Αἰακίδου γὰρ τοῦ Ἀρύββου Πύρρος ἦν, Ὀλυμπιάδος δὲ Ἀλέξανδρος τῆς Νεοπτολέμου, Νεοπτολέμῳ δὲ καὶ Ἀρύββᾳ πατὴρ ἦν Ἀλκέτας ὁ Θαρύπου.
The sentence is a sequence of identificational clauses with repeated ἦν; the final appositive/genitive phrase Ἀλκέτας ὁ Θαρύπου is somewhat syntactically compact, so the relation of Ἀλκέτας is annotated with moderate confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Αἰακίδου | Αἰακίδης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Πύρρος | nmod | high | Genitive possessor of Πύρρος. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἀρύββου | det | high | Article modifying Ἀρύββου. |
| 4 | Ἀρύββου | Ἀρύββας | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Αἰακίδου | nmod | high | Genitive apposition/possessor with Αἰακίδου. |
| 5 | Πύρρος | Πύρρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 6 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/identificational predicate root. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀλέξανδρος | nmod | high | Genitive possessor of Ἀλέξανδρος. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 10 Ἀλέξανδρος | discourse | high | Mild connective postpositive particle. |
| 10 | Ἀλέξανδρος | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Subject of the second ἦν. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Νεοπτολέμου | det | high | Article modifying Νεοπτολέμου. |
| 12 | Νεοπτολέμου | Νεοπτόλεμος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ὀλυμπιάδος | nmod | high | Genitive apposition/possessor with Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 Ἀλέξανδρος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | Νεοπτολέμῳ | Νεοπτόλεμος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 πατὴρ | obl | high | Dative of relation/possession with πατήρ ἦν. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 19 ἦν | discourse | high | Connective particle. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 Νεοπτολέμῳ | cc | high | Conjoins the two dative dependents. |
| 17 | Ἀρύββᾳ | Ἀρύββας | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Νεοπτολέμῳ | conj | high | Second conjunct with Νεοπτολέμῳ. |
| 18 | πατὴρ | πατήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἦν | nsubj | high | Predicate nominal with ἦν. |
| 19 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second copular root. |
| 20 | Ἀλκέτας | Ἀλκέτας | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 πατὴρ | cop | medium | Likely predicate/appositive identification with πατήρ; syntactic role somewhat uncertain. |
| 21 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 Θαρύπου | det | high | Article modifying Θαρύπου. |
| 22 | Θαρύπου | Θάρυπος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Ἀλκέτας | nmod | high | Genitive apposition/possessor of Ἀλκέτας. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἀπὸ δὲ Θαρύπου ἐς Πύρρον τὸν Ἀχιλλέως πέντε ἀνδρῶν καὶ δέκα εἰσὶ γενεαί·
The clause is equative, with γενεαί as the root and εἰσὶ as copula; the genitive phrases express origin and lineage, and the numeral phrase πέντε ἀνδρῶν καὶ δέκα is attached to γενεαί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 3 Θαρύπου | case | high | Preposition governing Θαρύπου. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 13 γενεαί | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Θαρύπου | Θάρυπος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Sing | 13 γενεαί | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἐς phrase; likely source/origin. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 5 Πύρρον | case | high | Preposition governing Πύρρον. |
| 5 | Πύρρον | Πύρρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Number=Sing | 13 γενεαί | obl | high | Object of the directional preposition εἰς. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Ἀχιλλέως | det | high | Article modifying Ἀχιλλέως. |
| 7 | Ἀχιλλέως | Ἀχιλλεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Πύρρον | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Πύρρον, indicating lineage. |
| 8 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 13 γενεαί | nummod | high | Numeral modifying γενεαί. |
| 9 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 πέντε | nmod | high | Genitive complement of πέντε. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 δέκα | cc | high | Coordinator within compound numeral. |
| 11 | δέκα | δέκα | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 8 πέντε | conj | high | Conjoined numeral with πέντε. |
| 12 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 γενεαί | cop | high | Copula with γενεαί as predicate nominal. |
| 13 | γενεαί | γενεά | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate nominal; plural subject-like root in equative clause. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 γενεαί | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
καί οἱ παῖς ἐκ μὲν Ἑρμιόνης ἐγένετο οὐδείς, ἐξ Ἀνδρομάχης δὲ Μολοσσὸς καὶ Πίελος καὶ νεώτατος ὁ Πέργαμος.
The syntax is a coordination of offspring names under ἐγένετο, with two parentage phrases marked by ἐκ/ἐξ and the correlative particles μέν...δέ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking the clause to prior context. |
| 2 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 παῖς | det | medium | Likely article used with παῖς; form is ambiguous in context. |
| 3 | παῖς | παῖς | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 7 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Introduces source/parentage phrase. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἐκ | advmod | high | Correlative particle with δέ. |
| 6 | Ἑρμιόνης | Ἑρμιόνη | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐκ | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ. |
| 7 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 8 | οὐδείς | οὐδείς | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐγένετο | nsubj | medium | Predicative/nominal negative pronoun; agrees with implied subject or summarizes 'no one'. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 13 Μολοσσὸς | case | high | Preposition before genitive. |
| 11 | Ἀνδρομάχης | Ἀνδρομάχη | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐξ | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐξ. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 13 Μολοσσὸς | discourse | high | Mild adversative/continuative particle. |
| 13 | Μολοσσὸς | Μολοσσός | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐγένετο | conj | high | First coordinated child of ἐγένετο. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 Πίελος | cc | high | Coordinates the list members. |
| 15 | Πίελος | Πίελος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Μολοσσὸς | conj | high | Second coordinated child name. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 νεώτατος | cc | high | Coordinates the final item. |
| 17 | νεώτατος | νεώτατος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Πέργαμος | amod | high | Superlative adjective modifying Πέργαμος. |
| 18 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Πέργαμος | det | high | Article with Πέργαμος. |
| 19 | Πέργαμος | Πέργαμος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Μολοσσὸς | conj | high | Final coordinated child name. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἐγένετο δὲ καὶ Ἑλένῳ Κεστρῖνος·
The clause is elliptical/compressed: ἐγένετο takes a dative participant and a nominative name, with the exact relation of Κεστρῖνος somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3API--S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Ἑλένῳ | cc | high | Links the dative phrase with the preceding context. |
| 4 | Ἑλένῳ | Ἑλένη | PROPN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐγένετο | iobj | medium | Dative of advantage/recipient; proper name with unusual masculine-looking ending in the form. |
| 5 | Κεστρῖνος | Κεστρῖνος | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐγένετο | nsubj | medium | Likely nominative subject or predicative name; syntax is compressed. |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |