Grammar parses for passage 1.11.2
Open translation for this passage
Ἑλένου δὲ ὡς ἐτελεύτα Μολοσσῷ τῷ Πύρρου παραδόντος τὴν ἀρχὴν Κεστρῖνος μὲν σὺν τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν Ἠπειρωτῶν τὴν ὑπὲρ Θύαμιν ποταμὸν χώραν ἔσχε, Πέργαμος δὲ διαβὰς ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν Ἄρειον δυναστεύοντα ἐν τῇ Τευθρανίᾳ κτείνει μονομαχήσαντά οἱ περὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς καὶ τῇ πόλει τὸ ὄνομα ἔδωκε τὸ νῦν ἀφʼ αὑτοῦ·
The sentence contains two temporal/absolute constructions and a coordinated second clause; some attachments in the participial phrases are uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἑλένου | Ἑλένος | PROPN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐτελεύτα | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute subject; proper name form uncertain. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 ἐτελεύτα | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 4 ἐτελεύτα | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing temporal clause. |
| 4 | ἐτελεύτα | τελευτάω | VERB | V3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 22 ἔσχε | advcl | high | Temporal clause dependent on ἔσχε. |
| 5 | Μολοσσῷ | Μολοσσός | PROPN | N-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 παραδόντος | nsubj | medium | Likely dative absolute subject with participle. |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Πύρρου | det | high | Article. |
| 7 | Πύρρου | Πύρρος | PROPN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Μολοσσῷ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Μολοσσῷ. |
| 8 | παραδόντος | παραδίδωμι | VERB | V-aapmng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 Μολοσσῷ | advcl | high | Participle in genitive absolute. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἀρχὴν | det | high | Article. |
| 10 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 παραδόντος | obj | high | Object of παραδόντος. |
| 11 | Κεστρῖνος | Κεστρῖνος | PROPN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἔσχε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔσχε. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 Κεστρῖνος | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 13 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 ἐθέλουσιν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 14 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---md- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 ἐθέλουσιν | det | high | Article. |
| 15 | ἐθέλουσιν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-pa-pmd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 Ἠπειρωτῶν | acl | medium | Attributive participle modifying Ἠπειρωτῶν. |
| 16 | Ἠπειρωτῶν | Ἠπειρώτης | NOUN | N-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Κεστρῖνος | nmod | high | Dependent of Κεστρῖνος as part of σύν-phrase. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 χώραν | det | high | Article. |
| 18 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 χώραν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 19 | Θύαμιν | Θύαμις | PROPN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ποταμὸν | nmod | medium | River name; case assignment uncertain from form. |
| 20 | ποταμὸν | ποταμός | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 χώραν | nmod | high | Head of prepositional phrase. |
| 21 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἔσχε | obj | high | Object of ἔσχε. |
| 22 | ἔσχε | ἔχω | VERB | V3saaia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἔσχε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 24 | Πέργαμος | Πέργαμος | PROPN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 κτείνει | nsubj | high | Subject of κτείνει. |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 35 κτείνει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 26 | διαβὰς | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-aspamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 35 κτείνει | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying Πέργαμος. |
| 27 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 29 Ἀσίαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 28 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 Ἀσίαν | det | high | Article. |
| 29 | Ἀσίαν | Ἀσία | PROPN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 διαβὰς | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 30 | Ἄρειον | Ἄρειος | PROPN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 δυναστεύοντα | obj | high | Object of δυναστεύοντα / possible direct object in participial clause. |
| 31 | δυναστεύοντα | δυναστεύω | VERB | V-papams- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 35 κτείνει | advcl | medium | Participial clause; attachment slightly uncertain. |
| 32 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 34 Τευθρανίᾳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 33 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 34 Τευθρανίᾳ | det | high | Article. |
| 34 | Τευθρανίᾳ | Τευθρανία | PROPN | N-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 δυναστεύοντα | obl | high | Locative complement. |
| 35 | κτείνει | κτείνω | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb. |
| 36 | μονομαχήσαντά | μονομαχέω | VERB | V-aopams- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 30 Ἄρειον | advcl | medium | Likely participial modifier of Ἄρειον; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 37 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 38 περὶ | det | high | Article used substantivally. |
| 38 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 36 μονομαχήσαντά | case | high | Preposition introducing agent/association. |
| 39 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 40 ἀρχῆς | det | high | Article. |
| 40 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 μονομαχήσαντά | nmod | medium | Dependent of μονομαχήσαντα; exact relation uncertain. |
| 41 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 46 ἔδωκε | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 42 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 43 πόλει | det | high | Article. |
| 43 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 46 ἔδωκε | iobj | high | Indirect object of ἔδωκε. |
| 44 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 45 ὄνομα | det | high | Article. |
| 45 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 46 ἔδωκε | obj | high | Object of ἔδωκε. |
| 46 | ἔδωκε | δίδωμι | VERB | V3saaia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 35 κτείνει | conj | high | Coordinated main verb with κτείνει. |
| 47 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 48 νῦν | det | high | Article. |
| 48 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 46 ἔδωκε | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of ἔδωκε. |
| 49 | ἀφʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 50 αὑτοῦ | case | high | Preposition with elision. |
| 50 | αὑτοῦ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 46 ἔδωκε | obl | high | Source/origin phrase. |
| 51 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 46 ἔδωκε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καὶ Ἀνδρομάχης---ἠκολούθει γάρ οἱ---καὶ νῦν ἐστιν ἡρῷον ἐν τῇ πόλει.
The sentence is elliptical with two clauses; the first contains a difficult dative/pronoun attachment, and the second is a straightforward existential/coplanar clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἠκολούθει | cc | high | Coordinates the phrase with the following clause. |
| 2 | Ἀνδρομάχης | Ἀνδρομάχη | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἠκολούθει | obl | medium | Genitive proper name; likely dependent on ἠκολούθει, though the exact construction is somewhat elliptical. |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἠκολούθει | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἠκολούθει | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἠκολούθει | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 6 | ἠκολούθει | ἀκολουθέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the first clause. |
| 7 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἠκολούθει | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 6 ἠκολούθει | iobj | medium | Likely dative pronoun with ἠκολούθει; form and function are contextually uncertain. |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἠκολούθει | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἠκολούθει | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἠκολούθει | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἐστιν | cc | high | Coordinates νῦν with the preceding context or clause-level continuation. |
| 13 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | _ | _ | 14 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying ἐστιν. |
| 14 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb of the second clause. |
| 15 | ἡρῷον | ἡρῷον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Predicate nominal / subject of the existential clause. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 18 πόλει | case | high | Preposition governing πόλει. |
| 17 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 πόλει | det | high | Definite article modifying πόλει. |
| 18 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστιν | obl | high | Locative oblique with ἐν. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
Πίελος δὲ αὐτοῦ κατέμεινεν ἐν Ἠπείρῳ, καὶ ἐς πρόγονον τοῦτον ἀνέβαινε Πύρρος τε ὁ Αἰακίδου καὶ οἱ πατέρες, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐς Μολοσσόν.
The coordination is slightly complex: ἀνέβαινε governs a coordinated nominative phrase Πύρρος ... καὶ οἱ πατέρες, with ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐς Μολοσσόν as a contrasting final prepositional phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πίελος | Πίελος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 4 κατέμεινεν | nsubj | high | Proper name as subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 κατέμεινεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 κατέμεινεν | nmod | medium | Likely possessive/genitive dependent of the verb; context allows reference to a prior antecedent. |
| 4 | κατέμεινεν | καταμένω | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 6 Ἠπείρῳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 6 | Ἠπείρῳ | Ἤπειρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 4 κατέμεινεν | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 κατέμεινεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 ἀνέβαινε | cc | high | Coordinator of the second clause. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 10 πρόγονον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 10 | πρόγονον | πρόγονος | NOUN | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 12 ἀνέβαινε | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 11 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Dem | 10 πρόγονον | det | high | Demonstrative modifying πρόγονον. |
| 12 | ἀνέβαινε | ἀναβαίνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Active | 4 κατέμεινεν | conj | high | Second coordinated verb. |
| 13 | Πύρρος | Πύρρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 12 ἀνέβαινε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀνέβαινε. |
| 14 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 13 Πύρρος | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective associated with Πύρρος. |
| 15 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 16 Αἰακίδου | det | high | Article with patronymic. |
| 16 | Αἰακίδου | Αἰακίδης | PROPN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 13 Πύρρος | nmod | high | Patronymic in genitive, appositional/attributive to Πύρρος. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 πατέρες | cc | high | Coordinator in the subject phrase. |
| 18 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 19 πατέρες | det | high | Article with πατέρες. |
| 19 | πατέρες | πατήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 13 Πύρρος | conj | high | Coordinated subject/nominative phrase. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀνέβαινε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 21 | ἀλλʼ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 ἀνέβαινε | cc | high | Adversative coordinator. |
| 22 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | Polarity=Neg | 24 Μολοσσόν | advmod | high | Negation of the prepositional phrase/verb implied in ellipsis. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 24 Μολοσσόν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 24 | Μολοσσόν | Μολοσσός | PROPN | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 12 ἀνέβαινε | obl | high | Goal/source phrase with negation. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 κατέμεινεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |