Grammar parses for passage 1.11.3
Open translation for this passage
ἦν δὲ ἄχρι μὲν Ἀλκέτου τοῦ Θαρύπου ἐφʼ ἑνὶ βασιλεῖ καὶ τὰ Ἠπειρωτῶν·
The syntax is elliptical, with ἄχρι μὲν governing a genitive name and ἐφʼ ἑνὶ βασιλεῖ forming a prepositional phrase; the final coordinated phrase is compressed and somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | VIAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 1 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄχρι | ἄχρι | ADP | R | _ | 1 ἦν | obl | medium | Introduces temporal endpoint; syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G | _ | 3 ἄχρι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | Ἀλκέτου | Ἀλκέτης | PROPN | NE-S---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἄχρι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἄχρι. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA--SGM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Θαρύπου | det | high | Article with Θαρύπου. |
| 7 | Θαρύπου | Θάρυπος | PROPN | NE-S---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἀλκέτου | nmod | medium | Genitive apposition/patronymic to Ἀλκέτου. |
| 8 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 10 βασιλεῖ | case | high | Preposition before dative. |
| 9 | ἑνὶ | εἷς | NUM | Ni-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Sing | 10 βασιλεῖ | amod | high | Attributive numeral modifying βασιλεῖ. |
| 10 | βασιλεῖ | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἦν | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπί. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 τὰ | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA--NPA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 Ἠπειρωτῶν | det | medium | Article with Ἠπειρωτῶν; case is hard to determine in context. |
| 13 | Ἠπειρωτῶν | Ἠπειρώτης | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἦν | conj | high | Second coordinated complement; likely partitive/genitive relation with omitted head. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
οἱ δὲ Ἀλκέτου παῖδες, ὥς σφισι στασιάσασι μετέδοξεν ἐπʼ ἴσης ἄρχειν, αὐτοί τε πιστῶς ἔχοντες διέμειναν ἐς ἀλλήλους
The syntax is centered on διέμειναν, with a circumstantial clause introduced by ὥς and an infinitival complement after impersonal μετέδοξεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 παῖδες | det | high | Articular subject marker. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Pt | _ | 4 παῖδες | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀλκέτου | Ἀλκέτης | PROPN | N-Gen-Sg-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 παῖδες | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of παῖδες. |
| 4 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 διέμειναν | nsubj | high | Main subject of διέμειναν. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 παῖδες | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 6 | ὥς | ὡς | SCONJ | Cs | _ | 9 μετέδοξεν | mark | high | Introduces temporal/circumstantial clause. |
| 7 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---D | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 9 μετέδοξεν | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/advantage; archaic form. |
| 8 | στασιάσασι | στασιάζω | VERB | V-AAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 μετέδοξεν | advcl | high | Aorist active participle agreeing with σφισι. |
| 9 | μετέδοξεν | μεταδοκέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 18 διέμειναν | advcl | medium | Likely impersonal construction governing infinitive. |
| 10 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 11 ἴσης | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 11 | ἴσης | ἴσος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἄρχειν | amod | high | Modifies ἄρχειν in adverbial phrase ἐπʼ ἴσης. |
| 12 | ἄρχειν | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 μετέδοξεν | xcomp | high | Complement of μετέδοξεν. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 μετέδοξεν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 14 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | A-PNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 διέμειναν | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject pronoun. |
| 15 | τε | τε | PART | G | _ | 14 αὐτοί | advmod | medium | Enclitic connective with αὐτοί. |
| 16 | πιστῶς | πιστῶς | ADV | D | _ | 17 ἔχοντες | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἔχοντες. |
| 17 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 διέμειναν | advcl | high | Concessive/circumstantial participle. |
| 18 | διέμειναν | διαμένω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 20 ἀλλήλους | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 20 | ἀλλήλους | ἀλλήλων | PRON | A-PAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 18 διέμειναν | obl | high | Reciprocal object of motion/relationship. |
καὶ ὕστερον Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ Νεοπτολέμου τελευτήσαντος ἐν Λευκανοῖς, Ὀλυμπιάδος δὲ διὰ τὸν Ἀντιπάτρου φόβον ἐπανελθούσης ἐς Ἤπειρον, Αἰακίδης ὁ Ἀρύββου τά τε ἄλλα διετέλει κατήκοος ὢν Ὀλυμπιάδι καὶ συνεστράτευσε πολεμήσων Ἀριδαίῳ καὶ Μακεδόσιν, οὐκ ἐθελόντων ἕπεσθαι τῶν Ἠπειρωτῶν.
Several genitive absolute clauses frame the main narrative: one with Alexander, one with Olympias, and one with the Epirotes; Ἀλεξάνδρου/Νεοπτολέμου is treated as a genitive absolute subject with apposition, though the exact internal relation is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 26 διετέλει | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | _ | _ | 26 διετέλει | advmod | high | |
| 3 | Ἀλεξάνδρου | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 τελευτήσαντος | nsubj | medium | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Νεοπτολέμου | det | high | |
| 5 | Νεοπτολέμου | Νεοπτόλεμος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀλεξάνδρου | appos | high | Likely apposition in the genitive absolute phrase. |
| 6 | τελευτήσαντος | τελευτάω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 διετέλει | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 8 Λευκανοῖς | case | high | |
| 8 | Λευκανοῖς | Λευκανός | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 τελευτήσαντος | obl | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 τελευτήσαντος | punct | high | |
| 10 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπανελθούσης | nsubj | medium | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 16 ἐπανελθούσης | discourse | high | |
| 12 | διὰ | διά | ADP | _ | _ | 15 φόβον | case | high | |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 φόβον | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἀντιπάτρου | Ἀντίπατρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 φόβον | nmod | high | |
| 15 | φόβον | φόβος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπανελθούσης | obl | high | Prepositional complement of διά. |
| 16 | ἐπανελθούσης | ἐπανέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 διετέλει | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 18 Ἤπειρον | case | high | |
| 18 | Ἤπειρον | Ἤπειρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπανελθούσης | obl | high | |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐπανελθούσης | punct | high | |
| 20 | Αἰακίδης | Αἰακίδης | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 διετέλει | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Ἀρύββου | det | high | |
| 22 | Ἀρύββου | Ἀρύββας | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Αἰακίδης | appos | high | Patronymic/appositive genitive. |
| 23 | τά | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἄλλα | det | high | |
| 24 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 23 τά | advmod | medium | Enclitic connective attached to coordinated phrase. |
| 25 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 διετέλει | obj | high | |
| 26 | διετέλει | διατελέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 27 | κατήκοος | κατήκοος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 διετέλει | xcomp | high | Predicative complement with διετέλει. |
| 28 | ὢν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 διετέλει | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle. |
| 29 | Ὀλυμπιάδι | Ὀλυμπιάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 κατήκοος | obl | medium | Likely dative complement of κατήκοος. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 31 συνεστράτευσε | cc | high | |
| 31 | συνεστράτευσε | συστρατεύω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 26 διετέλει | conj | high | |
| 32 | πολεμήσων | πολεμέω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 31 συνεστράτευσε | advcl | high | Purpose/future participle. |
| 33 | Ἀριδαίῳ | Ἀρριδαῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 πολεμήσων | obl | high | |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 35 Μακεδόσιν | cc | high | |
| 35 | Μακεδόσιν | Μακεδών | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 Ἀριδαίῳ | conj | high | |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 συνεστράτευσε | punct | high | |
| 37 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 39 ἕπεσθαι | advmod | high | |
| 38 | ἐθελόντων | ἐθέλω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 39 ἕπεσθαι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 39 | ἕπεσθαι | ἕπομαι | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 38 ἐθελόντων | xcomp | high | |
| 40 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 41 Ἠπειρωτῶν | det | high | |
| 41 | Ἠπειρωτῶν | Ἠπειρώτης | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 ἐθελόντων | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 διετέλει | punct | high |