Grammar parses for passage 1.11.3
Open translation for this passage
ἦν δὲ ἄχρι μὲν Ἀλκέτου τοῦ Θαρύπου ἐφʼ ἑνὶ βασιλεῖ καὶ τὰ Ἠπειρωτῶν·
The copular clause is elliptical after ἦν: ἄχρι with the genitive personal name marks the endpoint, while ἐφ᾽ ἑνὶ βασιλεῖ means 'under one king'; τὰ Ἠπειρωτῶν is coordinated and substantivized, with an understood predicate/verb. The exact attachment of καὶ τὰ Ἠπειρωτῶν is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect copula; predicate is elliptical. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | 粒 | _ | 1 ἦν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ἄχρι | ἄχρι | ADP | R | _ | 5 Ἀλκέτου | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive endpoint. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | 粒 | _ | 1 ἦν | discourse | high | Correlative particle, with no following δέ in this token span. |
| 5 | Ἀλκέτου | Ἀλκέτος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἦν | obl | high | Genitive personal name governed by ἄχρι. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Θαρύπου | det | high | Article modifying Θαρύπου. |
| 7 | Θαρύπου | Θάρυπος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἀλκέτου | appos | high | Patronymic/appositional identifier for Ἀλκέτου. |
| 8 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 10 βασιλεῖ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί governing dative. |
| 9 | ἑνὶ | εἷς | NUM | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Sing | 10 βασιλεῖ | amod | high | Cardinal numeral used adjectivally with βασιλεῖ. |
| 10 | βασιλεῖ | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἦν | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπί, expressing rule under one king. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 τὰ | cc | medium | Coordinates the following substantivized noun phrase with the preceding construction. |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 Ἠπειρωτῶν | det | high | Article substantivizing Ἠπειρωτῶν; nominative neuter plural is likely elliptical subject/predicate. |
| 13 | Ἠπειρωτῶν | Ἠπειρώτης | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἦν | nmod | medium | Genitive plural ethnic noun dependent on substantivized τὰ; attachment to the clause is elliptical and uncertain. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
οἱ δὲ Ἀλκέτου παῖδες, ὥς σφισι στασιάσασι μετέδοξεν ἐπʼ ἴσης ἄρχειν, αὐτοί τε πιστῶς ἔχοντες διέμειναν ἐς ἀλλήλους
The participial clause σφισι στασιάσασι is dative and circumstantial with impersonal μετέδοξεν; ἄρχειν is its infinitival content, while ἔχοντες is a coordinated circumstantial participle dependent on διέμειναν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | article-nom-pl-masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 παῖδες | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | part | _ | 18 διέμειναν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀλκέτου | Ἀλκέτας | PROPN | name-gen-sg-masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 παῖδες | nmod | high | |
| 4 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | noun-nom-pl-common | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 διέμειναν | nsubj | high | Masculine plural refers to the sons/children. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 μετέδοξεν | punct | high | |
| 6 | ὥς | ὡς | SCONJ | subordinator | _ | 9 μετέδοξεν | mark | medium | Introduces the clause corresponding to their agreeing/judging. |
| 7 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | pron-dat-pl | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 8 στασιάσασι | obl | high | Dative with στασιάσασι. |
| 8 | στασιάσασι | στασιάζω | VERB | part-aor-act-dat-pl | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 μετέδοξεν | advcl | medium | Dative aorist participle, plausibly circumstantial: having come to an agreement/settled their dispute. |
| 9 | μετέδοξεν | μεταδοκέω | VERB | verb-aor-act-ind-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 18 διέμειναν | advcl | medium | Impersonal singular verb with the following infinitive as its content. |
| 10 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | prep-gen | _ | 11 ἴσης | case | high | |
| 11 | ἴσης | ἴσος | ADJ | adj-gen-sg-fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἄρχειν | obl | high | Genitive in the idiom ἐπ’ ἴσης, equally. |
| 12 | ἄρχειν | ἄρχω | VERB | verb-pres-act-inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 μετέδοξεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of μετέδοξεν. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 διέμειναν | punct | high | |
| 14 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | pron-nom-pl-masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 17 ἔχοντες | nsubj | high | Reflexive/intensive pronoun referring to παῖδες. |
| 15 | τε | τε | CCONJ | part | _ | 18 διέμειναν | cc | high | Correlative/additive particle with τε ... καί understood or coordinated continuation. |
| 16 | πιστῶς | πιστῶς | ADV | adv | _ | 17 ἔχοντες | advmod | high | |
| 17 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | part-pres-act-nom-pl-masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 διέμειναν | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle: remaining faithful/well-disposed. |
| 18 | διέμειναν | διαμένω | VERB | verb-aor-act-ind-3pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | prep-acc | _ | 20 ἀλλήλους | case | high | |
| 20 | ἀλλήλους | ἀλλήλων | PRON | pron-acc-pl-masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 διέμειναν | obl | high | Object of the preposition: toward one another. |
καὶ ὕστερον Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ Νεοπτολέμου τελευτήσαντος ἐν Λευκανοῖς, Ὀλυμπιάδος δὲ διὰ τὸν Ἀντιπάτρου φόβον ἐπανελθούσης ἐς Ἤπειρον, Αἰακίδης ὁ Ἀρύββου τά τε ἄλλα διετέλει κατήκοος ὢν Ὀλυμπιάδι καὶ συνεστράτευσε πολεμήσων Ἀριδαίῳ καὶ Μακεδόσιν, οὐκ ἐθελόντων ἕπεσθαι τῶν Ἠπειρωτῶν.
Complex genitive absolutes (3–8 and 10–18) set the temporal/circumstantial background; Αἰακίδης is the main subject, with συνεστράτευσε coordinated to διετέλει. The final genitive absolute expresses the Epirus-men's unwillingness to follow.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 διετέλει | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 6 τελευτήσαντος | advmod | medium | Temporal adverb; may modify the first genitive absolute. |
| 3 | Ἀλεξάνδρου | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-PRI-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 τελευτήσαντος | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Νεοπτολέμου | det | high | |
| 5 | Νεοπτολέμου | Νεοπτόλεμος | PROPN | N-PRI-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀλεξάνδρου | appos | high | Patronymic/appositional identification. |
| 6 | τελευτήσαντος | τελευτάω | VERB | VAAPGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 διετέλει | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Λευκανοῖς | case | high | |
| 8 | Λευκανοῖς | Λευκανοί | PROPN | N-PRP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 τελευτήσαντος | obl | high | Place name in the dative after ἐν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 τελευτήσαντος | punct | high | |
| 10 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | PROPN | N-PRF-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπανελθούσης | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἐπανελθούσης | cc | high | |
| 12 | διὰ | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 φόβον | case | high | |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 φόβον | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἀντιπάτρου | Ἀντίπατρος | PROPN | N-PRI-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 φόβον | nmod | high | |
| 15 | φόβον | φόβος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπανελθούσης | obl | high | Object of διά in the causal sense. |
| 16 | ἐπανελθούσης | ἐπανέρχομαι | VERB | VAAPGSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 διετέλει | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 Ἤπειρον | case | high | |
| 18 | Ἤπειρον | Ἤπειρος | PROPN | N-PRF-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπανελθούσης | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 διετέλει | punct | high | |
| 20 | Αἰακίδης | Αἰακίδης | PROPN | N-PRI-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 διετέλει | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Ἀρύββου | det | high | |
| 22 | Ἀρύββου | Ἄρρυθβος | PROPN | N-PRI-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Αἰακίδης | appos | medium | Patronymic genitive; lemma/form identification is somewhat uncertain. |
| 23 | τά | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἄλλα | det | high | |
| 24 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 ἄλλα | cc | high | |
| 25 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 διετέλει | obl | high | Substantivized phrase τά τε ἄλλα, 'in other respects'. |
| 26 | διετέλει | διατελέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 27 | κατήκοος | κατήκοος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 διετέλει | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with διετέλει. |
| 28 | ὢν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 27 κατήκοος | cop | high | |
| 29 | Ὀλυμπιάδι | Ὀλυμπιάς | PROPN | N-PRF-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 κατήκοος | obl | high | Dative complement of κατήκοος. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 31 συνεστράτευσε | cc | high | |
| 31 | συνεστράτευσε | συστρατεύω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 26 διετέλει | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 32 | πολεμήσων | πολεμέω | VERB | V-FAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 31 συνεστράτευσε | advcl | high | Future-purpose participle. |
| 33 | Ἀριδαίῳ | Ἀριδαῖος | PROPN | N-PRI-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 πολεμήσων | obl | high | Person fought against; dative with πολεμέω. |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 Μακεδόσιν | cc | high | |
| 35 | Μακεδόσιν | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-PPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 πολεμήσων | obl | high | Coordinated dative with Ἀριδαίῳ. |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 συνεστράτευσε | punct | high | |
| 37 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 38 ἐθελόντων | advmod | high | |
| 38 | ἐθελόντων | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 31 συνεστράτευσε | advcl | high | Genitive absolute, though semantically linked to the following infinitive. |
| 39 | ἕπεσθαι | ἕπομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 38 ἐθελόντων | xcomp | high | Complement of ἐθελόντων. |
| 40 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 41 Ἠπειρωτῶν | det | high | |
| 41 | Ἠπειρωτῶν | Ἠπειρώτης | PROPN | N-PPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 ἐθελόντων | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 διετέλει | punct | high |