Grammar parses for passage 1.11.4
Open translation for this passage
Ὀλυμπιάδος δὲ ὡς ἐπεκράτησεν ἀνόσια μὲν ἐργασαμένης καὶ ἐς τὸν Ἀριδαίου θάνατον, πολλῷ δὲ ἔτι ἀνοσιώτερα ἐς ἄνδρας Μακεδόνας, καὶ διὰ ταῦτα οὐκ ἀνάξια ὕστερον ὑπὸ Κασσάνδρου παθεῖν νομισθείσης, Αἰακίδην οὖν κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν οὐδʼ αὐτοὶ διὰ τὸ Ὀλυμπιάδος ἔχθος ἐδέχοντο Ἠπειρῶται, εὑρομένου δὲ ἀνὰ χρόνον παρὰ τούτων συγγνώμην δεύτερα ἠναντιοῦτο Κάσσανδρος μὴ κατελθεῖν ἐς Ἤπειρον.
The sentence is highly periodic and compresses several genitive absolutes; the main finite structure resumes at ἐδέχοντο/ἠναντιοῦτο, with the latter treated as the ultimate root.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐργασαμένης | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the participle ἐργασαμένης. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἐπεκράτησεν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἐπεκράτησεν | mark | high | Introduces temporal/circumstantial clause. |
| 4 | ἐπεκράτησεν | ἐπικρατέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Main finite verb; syntax is compressed and somewhat elliptical. |
| 5 | ἀνόσια | ἀνόσιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἐργασαμένης | obj | high | Object/complement of ἐργασαμένης. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἐργασαμένης | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 7 | ἐργασαμένης | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 Ὀλυμπιάδος | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 ἐργασαμένης | cc | high | Coordinates the participial complements. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 12 θάνατον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 θάνατον | det | high | Article modifying θάνατον. |
| 11 | Ἀριδαίου | Ἀριδαῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 θάνατον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of θάνατον. |
| 12 | θάνατον | θάνατος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐργασαμένης | obl | high | Prepositional object of ἐργασαμένης. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐπεκράτησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | πολλῷ | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνοσιώτερα | obl | high | Dative of degree with comparative. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 17 ἀνοσιώτερα | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 16 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | _ | _ | 17 ἀνοσιώτερα | advmod | high | Modifies comparative adjective. |
| 17 | ἀνοσιώτερα | ἀνόσιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἐργασαμένης | conj | high | Second coordinated complement in the genitive absolute frame. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 20 Μακεδόνας | case | high | Preposition. |
| 19 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 Μακεδόνας | nmod | high | Dependent of Μακεδόνας. |
| 20 | Μακεδόνας | Μακεδών | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀνοσιώτερα | obl | high | Prepositional object of the comparative phrase. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀνοσιώτερα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 30 παθεῖν | cc | high | Coordinates with following infinitival clause. |
| 23 | διὰ | διά | ADP | _ | _ | 24 ταῦτα | case | high | Preposition. |
| 24 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 30 παθεῖν | obl | high | Causal phrase with διά. |
| 25 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 26 ἀνάξια | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 26 | ἀνάξια | ἀνάξιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 30 παθεῖν | obj | medium | Accusative neuter plural in infinitival construction; interpretation somewhat uncertain. |
| 27 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | _ | _ | 30 παθεῖν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 28 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 29 Κασσάνδρου | case | high | Agentive preposition. |
| 29 | Κασσάνδρου | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 παθεῖν | obl | high | Agent of the passive participle. |
| 30 | παθεῖν | πάσχω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 31 νομισθείσης | xcomp | high | Complement of νομισθείσης. |
| 31 | νομισθείσης | νομίζω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 ἐργασαμένης | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 νομισθείσης | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 33 | Αἰακίδην | Αἰακίδης | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 44 ἐδέχοντο | obj | high | Object of ἐδέχοντο. |
| 34 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 33 Αἰακίδην | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 35 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 36 ἀρχὰς | case | high | Preposition. |
| 36 | ἀρχὰς | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 44 ἐδέχοντο | obl | high | Adverbial accusative with κατά. |
| 37 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 44 ἐδέχοντο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 38 | οὐδʼ | οὐδέ | PART | _ | _ | 39 αὐτοὶ | advmod | high | Negative particle. |
| 39 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 45 Ἠπειρῶται | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐδέχοντο. |
| 40 | διὰ | διά | ADP | _ | _ | 43 ἔχθος | case | high | Preposition. |
| 41 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 43 ἔχθος | det | high | Article. |
| 42 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 43 ἔχθος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἔχθος. |
| 43 | ἔχθος | ἔχθος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 45 Ἠπειρῶται | obl | high | Prepositional phrase dependent on ἐδέχοντο. |
| 44 | ἐδέχοντο | δέχομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 55 ἠναντιοῦτο | advcl | medium | Likely subordinate to the following main verb; narrative sequence is intricate. |
| 45 | Ἠπειρῶται | Ἠπειρώτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 44 ἐδέχοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐδέχοντο. |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 44 ἐδέχοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 47 | εὑρομένου | εὑρίσκω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 55 ἠναντιοῦτο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 48 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 47 εὑρομένου | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 49 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | _ | _ | 50 χρόνον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 50 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 47 εὑρομένου | obl | high | Temporal phrase. |
| 51 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 52 τούτων | case | high | Preposition. |
| 52 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 53 συγγνώμην | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of συγγνώμην. |
| 53 | συγγνώμην | συγγνώμη | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 55 ἠναντιοῦτο | obj | high | Object of the middle verb. |
| 54 | δεύτερα | δεύτερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 53 συγγνώμην | amod | medium | May function adverbially as 'next/second'; tagged as adjective to match form. |
| 55 | ἠναντιοῦτο | ἀντιόομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of the final clause. |
| 56 | Κάσσανδρος | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 55 ἠναντιοῦτο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἠναντιοῦτο. |
| 57 | μὴ | μή | PART | _ | _ | 58 κατελθεῖν | advmod | high | Negation with infinitive. |
| 58 | κατελθεῖν | κατέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 55 ἠναντιοῦτο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 59 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 60 Ἤπειρον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 60 | Ἤπειρον | Ἤπειρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 58 κατελθεῖν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 61 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 55 ἠναντιοῦτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
γενομένης δὲ Φιλίππου τε ἀδελφοῦ Κασσάνδρου καὶ Αἰακίδου μάχης πρὸς Οἰνιάδαις, Αἰακίδην μὲν τρωθέντα κατέλαβε μετʼ οὐ πολὺ τὸ χρεών·
The syntax hinges on a genitive absolute (γενομένης ... μάχης) and an idiomatic τὸ χρεών as the eventual subject/predicate nominal with κατέλαβε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενομένης | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-APM-s--- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 μάχης | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle modifying the battle clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 16 κατέλαβε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀδελφοῦ | nmod | high | Possibly genitive dependent of ἀδελφοῦ. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 3 Φιλίππου | cc | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 5 | ἀδελφοῦ | ἀδελφός | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 μάχης | nmod | high | Genitive noun modifying μάχης in appositional/associative relation. |
| 6 | Κασσάνδρου | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀδελφοῦ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἀδελφοῦ. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 Αἰακίδου | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 8 | Αἰακίδου | Αἰακίδης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 μάχης | nmod | high | Second coordinated genitive dependent of μάχης. |
| 9 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 κατέλαβε | nsubj | high | Subject of γενομένης in genitive absolute. |
| 10 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 Οἰνιάδαις | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 11 | Οἰνιάδαις | Οἰνιάδαι | PROPN | N-P---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 κατέλαβε | obl | medium | Dative after πρός; place name. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 κατέλαβε | punct | high | Comma. |
| 13 | Αἰακίδην | Αἰακίδης | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 κατέλαβε | obj | high | Direct object of κατέλαβε. |
| 14 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 13 Αἰακίδην | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 15 | τρωθέντα | τιτρώσκω | VERB | V-APP-sma- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 13 Αἰακίδην | acl | high | Participial modifier of Αἰακίδην. |
| 16 | κατέλαβε | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 17 | μετʼ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 πολὺ | case | high | Preposition governing πολὺ. |
| 18 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 19 πολὺ | advmod | high | Negator modifying πολὺ. |
| 19 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 κατέλαβε | obl | low | Likely adverbial extent in μετʼ οὐ πολὺ 'not long after'. |
| 20 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 χρεών | det | high | Article with χρεών. |
| 21 | χρεών | χρεών | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 κατέλαβε | nsubj | high | Supine-like predicate noun with article; subject of κατέλαβε in idiomatic sense. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 κατέλαβε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |