Grammar parses for passage 1.11.5
Open translation for this passage
καὶ τότε ἥκων ἐξεμαίνετο εὐθὺς ἐς τοὺς Ἠπειρώτας, ἐς ὃ νύκτωρ αὐτόν τε καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἐπαναστάντες ἔκτειναν.
Relative ἐς ὃ introduces the endpoint/time-limit clause; ἐπαναστάντες is a coordinated participial subject to ἔκτειναν, with αὐτόν τε καὶ τοὺς παῖδας as coordinated objects. The antecedent of ὃ is the preceding situation/period, with some semantic uncertainty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 4 ἐξεμαίνετο | cc | high | |
| 2 | τότε | τότε | ADV | Adv | PronType=Dem | 3 ἥκων | advmod | high | |
| 3 | ἥκων | ἥκω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐξεμαίνετο | advcl | high | Temporal participle, ‘having arrived/when he arrived’. |
| 4 | ἐξεμαίνετο | ἐκμαίνομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | εὐθὺς | εὐθύς | ADV | Adv | _ | 4 ἐξεμαίνετο | advmod | high | |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 8 Ἠπειρώτας | case | high | |
| 7 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Art-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Ἠπειρώτας | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἠπειρώτας | Ἠπειρώτης | PROPN | N-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐξεμαίνετο | obl | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐξεμαίνετο | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 11 ὃ | case | high | |
| 11 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 19 ἔκτειναν | obl | medium | Relatival object of ἐς; antecedent is a preceding situation/period rather than a concrete noun. |
| 12 | νύκτωρ | νύκτωρ | ADV | Adv | _ | 19 ἔκτειναν | advmod | high | |
| 13 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 19 ἔκτειναν | obj | high | |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 13 αὐτόν | cc | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 17 παῖδας | cc | high | |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Art-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 παῖδας | det | high | |
| 17 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 αὐτόν | conj | high | |
| 18 | ἐπαναστάντες | ἐπανίστημι | VERB | V-AAP-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 19 ἔκτειναν | advcl | high | Plural nominative participle, subject understood as the attackers. |
| 19 | ἔκτειναν | κτείνω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ἐξεμαίνετο | advcl | high | Finite verb of the ἐς ὃ clause; plural subject is implicit/expressed by ἐπαναστάντες. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐξεμαίνετο | punct | high |
ἥκοντι δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπεστράτευε Κάσσανδρος, νέῳ τε ἡλικίᾳ ὄντι καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν οὐ κατεσκευασμένῳ βεβαίως.
ἥκοντι is a dative circumstantial participle, probably agreeing with an implicit subject (Alexander) and temporally setting the main clause; νέῳ ἡλικίᾳ and οὐ κατεσκευασμένῳ are coordinated dative participial descriptions, with ἡλικίᾳ functioning as a dative of respect/qualification. The exact antecedent of the participial datives is context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἥκοντι | ἥκω | VERB | V-PAP-D-SM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἐπεστράτευε | advcl | medium | Circumstantial temporal participle; dative agrees with an implicit contextual subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 4 ἐπεστράτευε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | εὐθὺς | εὐθύς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ἐπεστράτευε | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, 'immediately'. |
| 4 | ἐπεστράτευε | ἐπιστρατεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 5 | Κάσσανδρος | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπεστράτευε | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject of ἐπεστράτευε. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐπεστράτευε | punct | high | |
| 7 | νέῳ | νέος | ADJ | A--DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἡλικίᾳ | amod | medium | Dative adjective modifying ἡλικίᾳ; possibly substantival/elliptical in context. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 7 νέῳ | cc | high | First member of a τε ... καί coordination. |
| 9 | ἡλικίᾳ | ἡλικία | NOUN | N---DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὄντι | obl | medium | Dative of respect/qualification with ὄντι, 'young in age'. |
| 10 | ὄντι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-D-SM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἐπεστράτευε | advcl | medium | Coordinated circumstantial participle; dative antecedent is contextual/elliptical. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 15 κατεσκευασμένῳ | cc | high | Coordinates the second participial qualification with the first. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 13 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N---AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 κατεσκευασμένῳ | obj | high | Object of κατεσκευασμένῳ. |
| 14 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | T---- | Polarity=Neg | 15 κατεσκευασμένῳ | advmod | high | Negates the participle. |
| 15 | κατεσκευασμένῳ | κατασκευάζω | VERB | V-RPP-D-SM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 ὄντι | conj | medium | Perfect passive participle coordinated with ὄντι; predicate qualification of the same contextual dative subject. |
| 16 | βεβαίως | βεβαίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 15 κατεσκευασμένῳ | advmod | high | Adverb modifying κατεσκευασμένῳ. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐπεστράτευε | punct | high |
Πύρρος δὲ ἐπιόντων Μακεδόνων ἐς Αἴγυπτον παρὰ Πτολεμαῖον ἀναβαίνει τὸν Λάγου·
Πύρρος is the subject of ἀναβαίνει; ἐπιόντων Μακεδόνων is a genitive absolute, and παρὰ Πτολεμαῖον τὸν Λάγου is a motion phrase meaning to Ptolemy, son of Lagus. The exact aspectual force of ἐπιόντων is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πύρρος | Πύρρος | PROPN | N——MN— | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀναβαίνει | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C——— | _ | 9 ἀναβαίνει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπιόντων | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-PAP-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plural|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 Μακεδόνων | acl | medium | Genitive absolute with Μακεδόνων; can convey advancing/approaching. |
| 4 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | N——GP— | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 9 ἀναβαίνει | obl | high | Genitive-absolute subject; attached to the main predicate in a flat UD representation. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R——— | _ | 6 Αἴγυπτον | case | high | |
| 6 | Αἴγυπτον | Αἴγυπτος | PROPN | N——AF— | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπιόντων | obl | high | Destination of ἐπιόντων. |
| 7 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R——— | _ | 8 Πτολεμαῖον | case | high | With accusative, expressing motion toward a person. |
| 8 | Πτολεμαῖον | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | N——AM— | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀναβαίνει | obl | high | Object of παρὰ; Ptolemy son of Lagus. |
| 9 | ἀναβαίνει | ἀναβαίνω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L—SAM— | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Λάγου | det | high | |
| 11 | Λάγου | Λάγος | PROPN | N—SGM— | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Πτολεμαῖον | nmod | high | Patronymic/appositional genitive: Ptolemy, son of Lagus. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀναβαίνει | punct | high |
καί οἱ Πτολεμαῖος γυναῖκά τʼ ἔδωκεν ἀδελφὴν ὁμομητρίαν τῶν αὑτοῦ παίδων καὶ στόλῳ κατήγαγεν Αἰγυπτίων.
The sentence has coordinated predicates: Ptolemy gave her a woman, namely a uterine sister of his children, and brought her down with an Egyptian fleet; οἱ is the dative pronoun referring to the recipient, and στόλῳ is instrumental.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 6 ἔδωκεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | Pp3msd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 6 ἔδωκεν | iobj | medium | Dative personal pronoun; written οἱ. |
| 3 | Πτολεμαῖος | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | Nbmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἔδωκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | γυναῖκά | γυνή | NOUN | Nafs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἔδωκεν | obj | high | |
| 5 | τʼ | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 6 ἔδωκεν | cc | high | Elided τε; coordinates the first predicate with κατήγαγεν. |
| 6 | ἔδωκεν | δίδωμι | VERB | V3saaia | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἀδελφὴν | ἀδελφή | NOUN | Nafs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 γυναῖκά | appos | high | Appositional specification of γυναῖκα. |
| 8 | ὁμομητρίαν | ὁμομήτριος | ADJ | Aafs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀδελφὴν | amod | high | |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Dgpf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 παίδων | det | high | |
| 10 | αὑτοῦ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | Pxgsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 11 παίδων | nmod:poss | medium | Reflexive genitive possessive, referring to Πτολεμαῖος. |
| 11 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | Ngpmg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ὁμομητρίαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὁμομητρίαν: uterine sister of his children. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 14 κατήγαγεν | cc | high | |
| 13 | στόλῳ | στόλος | NOUN | Ncmsd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 κατήγαγεν | obl:instr | high | Instrumental dative: by/with a fleet. |
| 14 | κατήγαγεν | κατάγω | VERB | V3sa a ia | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 ἔδωκεν | conj | high | Coordinated with ἔδωκεν; subject Πτολεμαῖος is shared. |
| 15 | Αἰγυπτίων | Αἰγύπτιος | ADJ | Agpmg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 στόλῳ | amod | high | Genitive adjective modifying στόλῳ, ‘Egyptian’. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔδωκεν | punct | high |