Grammar parses for passage 1.11.5
Open translation for this passage
Ἠπειρῶται δὲ Ἀλκέταν ἐπὶ βασιλείᾳ κατεδέξαντο, Ἀρύββου μὲν παῖδα καὶ ἀδελφὸν Αἰακίδου πρεσβύτερον, ἀκρατῆ δὲ ἄλλως θυμοῦ καὶ διʼ αὐτὸ ἐξελασθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρός.
The accusative participial/descriptive sequence (παῖδα … ἀδελφόν … ἀκρατῆ … ἐξελασθέντα) characterizes the object Ἀλκέταν; ὑπό + genitive marks the agent of expulsion.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἠπειρῶται | Ἠπειρώτης | PROPN | NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 κατεδέξαντο | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 κατεδέξαντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀλκέταν | Ἀλκέτας | PROPN | NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 κατεδέξαντο | obj | high | |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 βασιλείᾳ | case | high | |
| 5 | βασιλείᾳ | βασιλεία | NOUN | NDF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 κατεδέξαντο | obl | high | ἐπί with dative: for/to kingship. |
| 6 | κατεδέξαντο | καταδέχομαι | VERB | V-AIM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 κατεδέξαντο | punct | high | |
| 8 | Ἀρύββου | Ἄρρυβας | PROPN | GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 παῖδα | nmod | high | |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PTCL | _ | 10 παῖδα | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with following δέ. |
| 10 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | NMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀλκέταν | appos | high | Accusative apposition/description of Ἀλκέταν. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἀδελφὸν | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἀδελφὸν | ἀδελφός | NOUN | NMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀλκέταν | appos | high | Coordinated accusative apposition. |
| 13 | Αἰακίδου | Αἰακίδης | PROPN | GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀδελφὸν | nmod | high | Genitive of relation/descent. |
| 14 | πρεσβύτερον | πρέσβυτερος | ADJ | JMA | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀδελφὸν | amod | high | Comparative adjective, agreeing with ἀδελφόν. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 κατεδέξαντο | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἀκρατῆ | ἀκρατής | ADJ | JMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀλκέταν | appos | high | Further accusative characterization of Ἀλκέταν. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἀκρατῆ | cc | medium | Connects the second descriptive member; syntactically closer to the adjective phrase. |
| 18 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | ADV | _ | 16 ἀκρατῆ | advmod | high | |
| 19 | θυμοῦ | θυμός | NOUN | GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀκρατῆ | obl | high | Genitive with ἀκρατής: uncontrolled in temper. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 ἐξελασθέντα | cc | high | Coordinates participial characterization with ἀκρατῆ. |
| 21 | διʼ | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 αὐτὸ | case | high | Elided διά before accusative. |
| 22 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | PNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 23 ἐξελασθέντα | obl | high | Accusative of cause with διά; refers to the preceding disposition. |
| 23 | ἐξελασθέντα | ἐξελαύνω | VERB | V-APP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 16 ἀκρατῆ | conj | high | Aorist passive participle agreeing with Ἀλκέταν. |
| 24 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 πατρός | case | high | Agent phrase with passive participle. |
| 25 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DGM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 πατρός | det | high | |
| 26 | πατρός | πατήρ | NOUN | NGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἐξελασθέντα | obl:agent | high | |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 κατεδέξαντο | punct | high |
καὶ τότε ἥκων ἐξεμαίνετο εὐθὺς ἐς τοὺς Ἠπειρώτας, ἐς ὃ νύκτωρ αὐτόν τε καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἐπαναστάντες ἔκτειναν.
Relative ἐς ὃ introduces the endpoint/time-limit clause; ἐπαναστάντες is a coordinated participial subject to ἔκτειναν, with αὐτόν τε καὶ τοὺς παῖδας as coordinated objects. The antecedent of ὃ is the preceding situation/period, with some semantic uncertainty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 4 ἐξεμαίνετο | cc | high | |
| 2 | τότε | τότε | ADV | Adv | PronType=Dem | 3 ἥκων | advmod | high | |
| 3 | ἥκων | ἥκω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐξεμαίνετο | advcl | high | Temporal participle, ‘having arrived/when he arrived’. |
| 4 | ἐξεμαίνετο | ἐκμαίνομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | εὐθὺς | εὐθύς | ADV | Adv | _ | 4 ἐξεμαίνετο | advmod | high | |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 8 Ἠπειρώτας | case | high | |
| 7 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Art-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Ἠπειρώτας | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἠπειρώτας | Ἠπειρώτης | PROPN | N-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐξεμαίνετο | obl | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐξεμαίνετο | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 11 ὃ | case | high | |
| 11 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 19 ἔκτειναν | obl | medium | Relatival object of ἐς; antecedent is a preceding situation/period rather than a concrete noun. |
| 12 | νύκτωρ | νύκτωρ | ADV | Adv | _ | 19 ἔκτειναν | advmod | high | |
| 13 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 19 ἔκτειναν | obj | high | |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 13 αὐτόν | cc | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 17 παῖδας | cc | high | |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Art-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 παῖδας | det | high | |
| 17 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 αὐτόν | conj | high | |
| 18 | ἐπαναστάντες | ἐπανίστημι | VERB | V-AAP-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 19 ἔκτειναν | advcl | high | Plural nominative participle, subject understood as the attackers. |
| 19 | ἔκτειναν | κτείνω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ἐξεμαίνετο | advcl | high | Finite verb of the ἐς ὃ clause; plural subject is implicit/expressed by ἐπαναστάντες. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐξεμαίνετο | punct | high |
ἀποκτείναντες δὲ τοῦτον Πύρρον τὸν Αἰακίδου κατάγουσιν·
The participle ἀποκτείναντες is a preceding circumstantial clause; τοῦτον Πύρρον τὸν Αἰακίδου forms the accusative object phrase, with the patronymic expression treated as appositional.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποκτείναντες | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 7 κατάγουσιν | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, circumstantial, agreeing with the understood subject of κατάγουσιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 κατάγουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | D ชA-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular|PronType=Dem | 4 Πύρρον | det | high | Demonstrative modifying Πύρρον. |
| 4 | Πύρρον | Πύρρος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 7 κατάγουσιν | obj | high | Personal name, object of κατάγουσιν. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 6 Αἰακίδου | det | high | Article introducing the patronymic genitive phrase. |
| 6 | Αἰακίδου | Αἰακίδης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 4 Πύρρον | appos | medium | Patronymic/genitive apposition identifying Πύρρον; τὸν is substantivizing or appositional article. |
| 7 | κατάγουσιν | κατάγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=Third|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb; subject is understood from context. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 κατάγουσιν | punct | high |
ἥκοντι δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπεστράτευε Κάσσανδρος, νέῳ τε ἡλικίᾳ ὄντι καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν οὐ κατεσκευασμένῳ βεβαίως.
ἥκοντι is a dative circumstantial participle, probably agreeing with an implicit subject (Alexander) and temporally setting the main clause; νέῳ ἡλικίᾳ and οὐ κατεσκευασμένῳ are coordinated dative participial descriptions, with ἡλικίᾳ functioning as a dative of respect/qualification. The exact antecedent of the participial datives is context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἥκοντι | ἥκω | VERB | V-PAP-D-SM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἐπεστράτευε | advcl | medium | Circumstantial temporal participle; dative agrees with an implicit contextual subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 4 ἐπεστράτευε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | εὐθὺς | εὐθύς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ἐπεστράτευε | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, 'immediately'. |
| 4 | ἐπεστράτευε | ἐπιστρατεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 5 | Κάσσανδρος | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπεστράτευε | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject of ἐπεστράτευε. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐπεστράτευε | punct | high | |
| 7 | νέῳ | νέος | ADJ | A--DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἡλικίᾳ | amod | medium | Dative adjective modifying ἡλικίᾳ; possibly substantival/elliptical in context. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 7 νέῳ | cc | high | First member of a τε ... καί coordination. |
| 9 | ἡλικίᾳ | ἡλικία | NOUN | N---DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὄντι | obl | medium | Dative of respect/qualification with ὄντι, 'young in age'. |
| 10 | ὄντι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-D-SM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἐπεστράτευε | advcl | medium | Coordinated circumstantial participle; dative antecedent is contextual/elliptical. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 15 κατεσκευασμένῳ | cc | high | Coordinates the second participial qualification with the first. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 13 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N---AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 κατεσκευασμένῳ | obj | high | Object of κατεσκευασμένῳ. |
| 14 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | T---- | Polarity=Neg | 15 κατεσκευασμένῳ | advmod | high | Negates the participle. |
| 15 | κατεσκευασμένῳ | κατασκευάζω | VERB | V-RPP-D-SM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 ὄντι | conj | medium | Perfect passive participle coordinated with ὄντι; predicate qualification of the same contextual dative subject. |
| 16 | βεβαίως | βεβαίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 15 κατεσκευασμένῳ | advmod | high | Adverb modifying κατεσκευασμένῳ. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐπεστράτευε | punct | high |
Πύρρος δὲ ἐπιόντων Μακεδόνων ἐς Αἴγυπτον παρὰ Πτολεμαῖον ἀναβαίνει τὸν Λάγου·
Πύρρος is the subject of ἀναβαίνει; ἐπιόντων Μακεδόνων is a genitive absolute, and παρὰ Πτολεμαῖον τὸν Λάγου is a motion phrase meaning to Ptolemy, son of Lagus. The exact aspectual force of ἐπιόντων is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πύρρος | Πύρρος | PROPN | N——MN— | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀναβαίνει | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C——— | _ | 9 ἀναβαίνει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπιόντων | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-PAP-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plural|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 Μακεδόνων | acl | medium | Genitive absolute with Μακεδόνων; can convey advancing/approaching. |
| 4 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | N——GP— | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 9 ἀναβαίνει | obl | high | Genitive-absolute subject; attached to the main predicate in a flat UD representation. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R——— | _ | 6 Αἴγυπτον | case | high | |
| 6 | Αἴγυπτον | Αἴγυπτος | PROPN | N——AF— | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπιόντων | obl | high | Destination of ἐπιόντων. |
| 7 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R——— | _ | 8 Πτολεμαῖον | case | high | With accusative, expressing motion toward a person. |
| 8 | Πτολεμαῖον | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | N——AM— | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀναβαίνει | obl | high | Object of παρὰ; Ptolemy son of Lagus. |
| 9 | ἀναβαίνει | ἀναβαίνω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L—SAM— | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Λάγου | det | high | |
| 11 | Λάγου | Λάγος | PROPN | N—SGM— | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Πτολεμαῖον | nmod | high | Patronymic/appositional genitive: Ptolemy, son of Lagus. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀναβαίνει | punct | high |
καί οἱ Πτολεμαῖος γυναῖκά τʼ ἔδωκεν ἀδελφὴν ὁμομητρίαν τῶν αὑτοῦ παίδων καὶ στόλῳ κατήγαγεν Αἰγυπτίων.
The sentence has coordinated predicates: Ptolemy gave her a woman, namely a uterine sister of his children, and brought her down with an Egyptian fleet; οἱ is the dative pronoun referring to the recipient, and στόλῳ is instrumental.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 6 ἔδωκεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | Pp3msd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 6 ἔδωκεν | iobj | medium | Dative personal pronoun; written οἱ. |
| 3 | Πτολεμαῖος | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | Nbmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἔδωκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | γυναῖκά | γυνή | NOUN | Nafs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἔδωκεν | obj | high | |
| 5 | τʼ | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 6 ἔδωκεν | cc | high | Elided τε; coordinates the first predicate with κατήγαγεν. |
| 6 | ἔδωκεν | δίδωμι | VERB | V3saaia | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἀδελφὴν | ἀδελφή | NOUN | Nafs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 γυναῖκά | appos | high | Appositional specification of γυναῖκα. |
| 8 | ὁμομητρίαν | ὁμομήτριος | ADJ | Aafs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀδελφὴν | amod | high | |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Dgpf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 παίδων | det | high | |
| 10 | αὑτοῦ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | Pxgsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 11 παίδων | nmod:poss | medium | Reflexive genitive possessive, referring to Πτολεμαῖος. |
| 11 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | Ngpmg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ὁμομητρίαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὁμομητρίαν: uterine sister of his children. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 14 κατήγαγεν | cc | high | |
| 13 | στόλῳ | στόλος | NOUN | Ncmsd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 κατήγαγεν | obl:instr | high | Instrumental dative: by/with a fleet. |
| 14 | κατήγαγεν | κατάγω | VERB | V3sa a ia | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 ἔδωκεν | conj | high | Coordinated with ἔδωκεν; subject Πτολεμαῖος is shared. |
| 15 | Αἰγυπτίων | Αἰγύπτιος | ADJ | Agpmg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 στόλῳ | amod | high | Genitive adjective modifying στόλῳ, ‘Egyptian’. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔδωκεν | punct | high |