Grammar parses for passage 1.11.7
Open translation for this passage
Ῥωμαίοις δὲ οὐδένα Πύρρου πρότερον πολεμήσαντα ἴσμεν Ἕλληνα.
ἴσμεν governs an accusative object Ἕλληνα with agreeing οὐδένα; πολεμήσαντα modifies Ἕλληνα, while Πύρρου is a genitive object of πολεμήσαντα. Ῥωμαίοις is a dative of reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ῥωμαίοις | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | Nb-Dm-p | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἴσμεν | iobj | high | Dative of reference with ἴσμεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 7 ἴσμεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐδένα | οὐδείς | ADJ | A----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 8 Ἕλληνα | det | high | Accusative masculine singular, agreeing with Ἕλληνα. |
| 4 | Πύρρου | Πύρρος | PROPN | Nb-Gm-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 πολεμήσαντα | obj | high | Genitive object of πολεμήσαντα. |
| 5 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | A----AMN- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 πολεμήσαντα | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘previously/before’; form is syncretic with neuter singular. |
| 6 | πολεμήσαντα | πολεμέω | VERB | V--AAPASM- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 8 Ἕλληνα | acl | high | Aorist active accusative masculine singular participle modifying Ἕλληνα. |
| 7 | ἴσμεν | οἶδα | VERB | V-RPAIA-1P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect-form verb with present meaning, ‘we know’. |
| 8 | Ἕλληνα | Ἕλλην | NOUN | Nb-Ams | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἴσμεν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἴσμεν. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἴσμεν | punct | high |
Διομήδει μὲν γὰρ καὶ Ἀργείων τοῖς σὺν αὐτῷ οὐδεμίαν ἔτι γενέσθαι πρὸς Αἰνείαν λέγεται μάχην· Ἀθηναίοις δὲ ἄλλα τε πολλὰ ἐλπίσασι καὶ Ἰταλίαν πᾶσαν καταστρέψασθαι τὸ ἐν Συρακούσαις πταῖσμα ἐμποδὼν ἐγένετο μὴ καὶ Ῥωμαίων λαβεῖν πεῖραν·
The first clause is an accusative-and-infinitive report with μάχην as accusative subject of γενέσθαι. In the second clause, τὸ ἐν Συρακούσαις πταῖσμα is the subject of ἐγένετο, while μὴ καὶ Ῥωμαίων λαβεῖν πεῖραν is the prevented eventuality.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Διομήδει | Διομήδης | PROPN | N-dat-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 λέγεται | obl | high | Dative with λέγεται, marking the person concerned. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Ptcl | _ | 14 λέγεται | discourse | high | |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | Ptcl | _ | 14 λέγεται | discourse | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 5 Ἀργείων | cc | high | |
| 5 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A-gen-pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 τοῖς | nmod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective. |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | Art-dat-pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 αὐτῷ | det | high | |
| 7 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | P-dat | _ | 8 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 8 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-dat-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 λέγεται | obl | high | Substantivized phrase τοῖς σὺν αὐτῷ, coordinated with Ἀργείων. |
| 9 | οὐδεμίαν | οὐδείς | PRON | P-indef-nomacc-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 15 μάχην | det | high | |
| 10 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D- | _ | 11 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | |
| 11 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-inf-aor-mid | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 14 λέγεται | ccomp | high | Accusative-and-infinitive complement of λέγεται. |
| 12 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P-acc | _ | 13 Αἰνείαν | case | high | |
| 13 | Αἰνείαν | Αἰνείας | PROPN | N-acc-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 μάχην | nmod | high | Opponent introduced by πρὸς. |
| 14 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-ind-pres-mid-3sg | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/passive reporting construction. |
| 15 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | N-acc-sg-fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 λέγεται | punct | high | |
| 17 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-dat-pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Dative of the persons affected/concerned. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 32 ἐγένετο | cc | high | |
| 19 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | PRON | P-acc-pl-neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 22 ἐλπίσασι | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, with ἐλπίσασι understood. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 19 ἄλλα | cc | high | |
| 21 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-acc-pl-neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 ἄλλα | amod | high | |
| 22 | ἐλπίσασι | ἐλπίζω | VERB | V-part-aor-act-dat-pl | Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 32 ἐγένετο | advcl | high | Dative absolute-like participial adjunct agreeing with Ἀθηναίοις. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 26 καταστρέψασθαι | cc | high | |
| 24 | Ἰταλίαν | Ἰταλία | PROPN | N-acc-sg-fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 καταστρέψασθαι | obj | high | Object of καταστρέψασθαι. |
| 25 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-acc-sg-fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 Ἰταλίαν | amod | high | |
| 26 | καταστρέψασθαι | καταστρέφω | VERB | V-inf-aor-mid | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 22 ἐλπίσασι | conj | high | Second coordinated object/complement under ἐλπίσασι. |
| 27 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art-nomacc-sg-neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 πταῖσμα | det | high | Article with substantivized neuter πταῖσμα. |
| 28 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P-dat | _ | 29 Συρακούσαις | case | high | |
| 29 | Συρακούσαις | Συράκουσαι | PROPN | N-dat-pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 30 πταῖσμα | nmod | high | |
| 30 | πταῖσμα | πταῖσμα | NOUN | N-nom-sg-neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 31 | ἐμποδὼν | ἐμπόδων | ADV | D- | _ | 32 ἐγένετο | advmod | high | Predicate adverb meaning as an impediment. |
| 32 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-ind-aor-mid-3sg | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 14 λέγεται | conj | high | Main verb of the second clause, coordinated after the semicolon. |
| 33 | μὴ | μή | PART | Ptcl | Polarity=Neg | 36 λαβεῖν | advmod | high | Negates the infinitival complement. |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D- | _ | 36 λαβεῖν | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also/even’. |
| 35 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-gen-pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 37 πεῖραν | nmod | high | Objectively dependent genitive with πεῖραν λαβεῖν. |
| 36 | λαβεῖν | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-inf-aor-act | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 32 ἐγένετο | xcomp | high | Infinitive expressing the prevented eventuality. |
| 37 | πεῖραν | πεῖρα | NOUN | N-acc-sg-fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 λαβεῖν | obj | high | Object of λαβεῖν in the idiom πεῖραν λαμβάνειν τινός. |
| 38 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἐγένετο | punct | high |
Ἀλέξανδρος δὲ ὁ Νεοπτολέμου, γένους τε ὢν Πύρρῳ τοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡλικίᾳ πρεσβύτερος, ἀποθανὼν ἐν Λευκανοῖς ἔφθη πρὶν ἐς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν Ῥωμαίοις.
Ἀλέξανδρος is the subject; ὁ Νεοπτολέμου is an appositional/name phrase. γένους ... ὢν and πρεσβύτερος are predicative descriptions, with Πύρρῳ dative of comparison/association. ἔφθη governs the infinitival clause πρὶν ἐς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν Ῥωμαίοις; ἀποθανών is a circumstantial participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀλέξανδρος | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N--SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἔφθη | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἔφθη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Νεοπτολέμου | det | high | |
| 4 | Νεοπτολέμου | Νεοπτολέμος | PROPN | N--SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ἀλέξανδρος | appos | high | Patronymic/appositional genitive phrase with article. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Ἀλέξανδρος | punct | high | |
| 6 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | N-SGN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ὢν | obl | medium | Genitive of quality/description with ὢν. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 γένους | cc | high | Correlative/additive τε. |
| 8 | ὢν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 ἔφθη | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle; copular. |
| 9 | Πύρρῳ | Πύρρος | PROPN | N--SDM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 γένους | nmod | medium | Dative expressing relation/comparison: 'of the same stock as Pyrrhus'. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 αὐτοῦ | det | high | |
| 11 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 Πύρρῳ | nmod | medium | Genitive modifying Πύρρῳ phrase; exact attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 πρεσβύτερος | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἡλικίᾳ | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-SDF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 πρεσβύτερος | obl | high | Dative of respect: 'older in age'. |
| 14 | πρεσβύτερος | πρέσβυς | ADJ | A-SNM-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὢν | xcomp | high | Predicative comparative adjective coordinated with the preceding description. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἀποθανὼν | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἀποθανὼν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AAP-SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 ἔφθη | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, temporally prior to ἔφθη. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 Λευκανοῖς | case | high | |
| 18 | Λευκανοῖς | Λευκανοί | PROPN | N-LPN | Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἀποθανὼν | obl | medium | Locative plural place-name; formally identical in some traditions to dative plural. |
| 19 | ἔφθη | φθάνω | VERB | V-AIP-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Here 'was beforehand/preceded' with infinitival complement. |
| 20 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 23 ἐλθεῖν | mark | high | Introduces the infinitival temporal clause. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 χεῖρας | case | high | |
| 22 | χεῖρας | χείρ | NOUN | N-PAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 ἐλθεῖν | obl | high | In idiom ἐς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν, 'come into the hands'. |
| 23 | ἐλθεῖν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 ἔφθη | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by ἔφθη; implicit subject is Ἀλέξανδρος. |
| 24 | Ῥωμαίοις | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-PDM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἐλθεῖν | iobj | high | Dative with ἐλθεῖν: 'come into the hands of the Romans'. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἔφθη | punct | high |