Grammar parses for passage 1.11.7
Open translation for this passage
Ῥωμαίοις δὲ οὐδένα Πύρρου πρότερον πολεμήσαντα ἴσμεν Ἕλληνα.
ἴσμεν governs an accusative object Ἕλληνα with agreeing οὐδένα; πολεμήσαντα modifies Ἕλληνα, while Πύρρου is a genitive object of πολεμήσαντα. Ῥωμαίοις is a dative of reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ῥωμαίοις | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | Nb-Dm-p | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἴσμεν | iobj | high | Dative of reference with ἴσμεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 7 ἴσμεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐδένα | οὐδείς | ADJ | A----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 8 Ἕλληνα | det | high | Accusative masculine singular, agreeing with Ἕλληνα. |
| 4 | Πύρρου | Πύρρος | PROPN | Nb-Gm-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 πολεμήσαντα | obj | high | Genitive object of πολεμήσαντα. |
| 5 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | A----AMN- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 πολεμήσαντα | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘previously/before’; form is syncretic with neuter singular. |
| 6 | πολεμήσαντα | πολεμέω | VERB | V--AAPASM- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 8 Ἕλληνα | acl | high | Aorist active accusative masculine singular participle modifying Ἕλληνα. |
| 7 | ἴσμεν | οἶδα | VERB | V-RPAIA-1P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect-form verb with present meaning, ‘we know’. |
| 8 | Ἕλληνα | Ἕλλην | NOUN | Nb-Ams | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἴσμεν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἴσμεν. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἴσμεν | punct | high |
Ἀλέξανδρος δὲ ὁ Νεοπτολέμου, γένους τε ὢν Πύρρῳ τοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡλικίᾳ πρεσβύτερος, ἀποθανὼν ἐν Λευκανοῖς ἔφθη πρὶν ἐς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν Ῥωμαίοις.
Ἀλέξανδρος is the subject; ὁ Νεοπτολέμου is an appositional/name phrase. γένους ... ὢν and πρεσβύτερος are predicative descriptions, with Πύρρῳ dative of comparison/association. ἔφθη governs the infinitival clause πρὶν ἐς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν Ῥωμαίοις; ἀποθανών is a circumstantial participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀλέξανδρος | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N--SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἔφθη | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἔφθη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Νεοπτολέμου | det | high | |
| 4 | Νεοπτολέμου | Νεοπτολέμος | PROPN | N--SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ἀλέξανδρος | appos | high | Patronymic/appositional genitive phrase with article. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Ἀλέξανδρος | punct | high | |
| 6 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | N-SGN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ὢν | obl | medium | Genitive of quality/description with ὢν. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 γένους | cc | high | Correlative/additive τε. |
| 8 | ὢν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 ἔφθη | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle; copular. |
| 9 | Πύρρῳ | Πύρρος | PROPN | N--SDM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 γένους | nmod | medium | Dative expressing relation/comparison: 'of the same stock as Pyrrhus'. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 αὐτοῦ | det | high | |
| 11 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 Πύρρῳ | nmod | medium | Genitive modifying Πύρρῳ phrase; exact attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 πρεσβύτερος | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἡλικίᾳ | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-SDF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 πρεσβύτερος | obl | high | Dative of respect: 'older in age'. |
| 14 | πρεσβύτερος | πρέσβυς | ADJ | A-SNM-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὢν | xcomp | high | Predicative comparative adjective coordinated with the preceding description. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἀποθανὼν | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἀποθανὼν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AAP-SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 ἔφθη | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, temporally prior to ἔφθη. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 Λευκανοῖς | case | high | |
| 18 | Λευκανοῖς | Λευκανοί | PROPN | N-LPN | Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἀποθανὼν | obl | medium | Locative plural place-name; formally identical in some traditions to dative plural. |
| 19 | ἔφθη | φθάνω | VERB | V-AIP-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Here 'was beforehand/preceded' with infinitival complement. |
| 20 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 23 ἐλθεῖν | mark | high | Introduces the infinitival temporal clause. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 χεῖρας | case | high | |
| 22 | χεῖρας | χείρ | NOUN | N-PAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 ἐλθεῖν | obl | high | In idiom ἐς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν, 'come into the hands'. |
| 23 | ἐλθεῖν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 ἔφθη | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by ἔφθη; implicit subject is Ἀλέξανδρος. |
| 24 | Ῥωμαίοις | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-PDM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἐλθεῖν | iobj | high | Dative with ἐλθεῖν: 'come into the hands of the Romans'. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἔφθη | punct | high |