Grammar parses for passage 1.12.1
Open translation for this passage
οὕτω Πύρρος ἐστὶν ὁ πρῶτος ἐκ τῆς Ἑλλάδος τῆς πέραν Ἰονίου διαβὰς ἐπὶ Ῥωμαίους· διέβη δὲ καὶ οὗτος ἐπαγαγομένων Ταραντίνων.
Πύρρος is the subject of ἐστίν, with πρῶτος and διαβάς forming the predicate description; πέραν Ἰονίου is an adverbial modifier of Ἑλλάδος/διαβάς. In the second clause, ἐπαγαγομένων Ταραντίνων is a genitive absolute, understood as the Tarentines bringing him over.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 3 ἐστὶν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | Πύρρος | Πύρρος | PROPN | Nbmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | R-------NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πρῶτος | det | high | |
| 5 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-S---NMS | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστὶν | xcomp | high | Substantivized superlative/ordinal predicate adjective. |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Ἑλλάδος | case | high | |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | R-------GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ἑλλάδος | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἑλλάδος | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | Nbfgf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πρῶτος | obl | high | |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | R-------GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 πέραν | det | high | |
| 10 | πέραν | πέραν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 Ἑλλάδος | advmod | medium | Adverbial πέραν with following genitive. |
| 11 | Ἰονίου | Ἰόνιος | PROPN | Nbmg--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 πέραν | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on πέραν; refers to the Ionian Sea. |
| 12 | διαβὰς | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-AAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ἐστὶν | acl | high | Aorist active participle agreeing with Πύρρος. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 Ῥωμαίους | case | high | |
| 14 | Ῥωμαίους | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | Nbmpa--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 διαβὰς | obl | high | Accusative after ἐπί, directional/hostile target. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 16 | διέβη | διαβαίνω | VERB | V3saaia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 3 ἐστὶν | parataxis | high | |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 διέβη | cc | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 διέβη | advmod | high | Adverbial καί (‘also’). |
| 19 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | Pdmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 16 διέβη | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | ἐπαγαγομένων | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-AMN-GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 16 διέβη | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 21 | Ταραντίνων | Ταραντῖνος | PROPN | Nbmpg--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἐπαγαγομένων | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 διέβη | punct | high |
ταῦτα λεγόντων τῶν πρέσβεων μνήμη τὸν Πύρρον τῆς ἁλώσεως ἐσῆλθε τῆς Ἰλίου, καί οἱ κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἤλπιζε χωρήσειν πολεμοῦντι· στρατεύειν γὰρ ἐπὶ Τρώων ἀποίκους Ἀχιλλέως ὢν ἀπόγονος.
The first clause is a genitive absolute; μνήμη is the subject of ἐσῆλθε with a genitive object (τὸν Πύρρον) and dependent genitives. In the second clause οἱ is dative reference, χωρήσειν is an accusative-and-infinitive complement of ἤλπιζε, and πολεμοῦντι is a dative participial modifier of the understood Pyrrhus. The final infinitive is explanatory/content syntax after γάρ, with ὢν ἀπόγονος concessively or circumstantially modifying the understood subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PDN-PA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 2 λεγόντων | obj | high | |
| 2 | λεγόντων | λέγω | VERB | V-PPAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐσῆλθε | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 πρέσβεων | det | high | |
| 4 | πρέσβεων | πρέσβυς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 λεγόντων | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | μνήμη | μνήμη | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐσῆλθε | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Πύρρον | det | high | |
| 7 | Πύρρον | Πύρρος | PROPN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐσῆλθε | obj | high | |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἁλώσεως | det | high | |
| 9 | ἁλώσεως | ἅλωσις | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Πύρρον | nmod | high | Genitive of the remembered event. |
| 10 | ἐσῆλθε | εἰσέρχομαι | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist/ingressive form; parser tag simplified. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Ἰλίου | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἰλίου | Ἴλιον | PROPN | N-GNS | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἁλώσεως | nmod | high | |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐσῆλθε | punct | high | |
| 14 | καί | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 18 ἤλπιζε | cc | high | |
| 15 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | RP-D3MS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 18 ἤλπιζε | iobj | medium | Dative of reference; form may be confused with article. |
| 16 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 17 ταὐτὰ | case | high | |
| 17 | ταὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἤλπιζε | obl | high | Crasis of τὰ αὐτά. |
| 18 | ἤλπιζε | ἐλπίζω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 10 ἐσῆλθε | conj | high | |
| 19 | χωρήσειν | χωρέω | VERB | V-FAI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 18 ἤλπιζε | xcomp | high | Infinitive in reported expectation. |
| 20 | πολεμοῦντι | πολεμέω | VERB | V-PPAP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 χωρήσειν | obl | medium | Dative participle, predicated of the understood Pyrrhus. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἤλπιζε | punct | high | |
| 22 | στρατεύειν | στρατεύω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἤλπιζε | ccomp | medium | Explanatory infinitive after γάρ; relation may be analyzed as paratactic. |
| 23 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | X | _ | 22 στρατεύειν | discourse | high | |
| 24 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 25 Τρώων | case | high | |
| 25 | Τρώων | Τρῶες | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 στρατεύειν | obl | high | With ἐπί, against the Trojans. |
| 26 | ἀποίκους | ἄποικος | NOUN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 στρατεύειν | obj | high | Accusative object of στρατεύειν. |
| 27 | Ἀχιλλέως | Ἀχιλλεύς | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἀποίκους | nmod | high | |
| 28 | ὢν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PPAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 29 ἀπόγονος | cop | high | |
| 29 | ἀπόγονος | ἀπόγονος | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 στρατεύειν | advcl | medium | Predicative participial clause; subject is understood Pyrrhus. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 στρατεύειν | punct | high |