Grammar parses for passage 1.12.3
Open translation for this passage
ἐλέφαντας δὲ πρῶτος μὲν τῶν ἐκ τῆς Εὐρώπης Ἀλέξανδρος ἐκτήσατο Πῶρον καὶ τὴν δύναμιν καθελὼν τὴν Ἰνδῶν, ἀποθανόντος δὲ Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ ἄλλοι τῶν βασιλέων καὶ πλείστους ἔσχεν Ἀντίγονος, Πύρρῳ δὲ ἐκ τῆς μάχης ἐγεγόνει τῆς πρὸς Δημήτριον τὰ θηρία αἰχμάλωτα·
The sentence has coordinated historical clauses. πρῶτος agrees with the nominative subject Ἀλέξανδρος; ἐλέφαντας is the first clause's accusative object, with Πῶρον naming the source/person defeated and τὴν δύναμιν as a second object of καθελών. The final clause uses dative possession/recipient with ἐγεγόνει and a neuter plural predicate adjective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐλέφαντας | ἐλέφας | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐκτήσατο | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐκτήσατο | cc | high | |
| 3 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ἀλέξανδρος | advmod | high | Predicative/temporal-priority adjective: 'first'. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 10 ἐκτήσατο | discourse | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Ἀλέξανδρος | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Εὐρώπης | case | high | |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Εὐρώπης | det | high | |
| 8 | Εὐρώπης | Εὐρώπη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Ἀλέξανδρος | nmod | high | |
| 9 | Ἀλέξανδρος | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐκτήσατο | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | ἐκτήσατο | κτάομαι | VERB | V-AIM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | Πῶρον | Πῶρος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐκτήσατο | obj | medium | Proper name; syntactic relation may be appositional or an elliptical complement associated with the elephant acquisition narrative. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 καθελὼν | cc | high | |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 δύναμιν | det | high | |
| 14 | δύναμιν | δύναμις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 καθελὼν | obj | high | |
| 15 | καθελὼν | καθαιρέω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 ἐκτήσατο | advcl | high | Aorist participial circumstance with Ἀλέξανδρος as understood subject. |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Ἰνδῶν | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἰνδῶν | Ἰνδός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 δύναμιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δύναμιν: the power of the Indians. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐκτήσατο | punct | high | |
| 19 | ἀποθανόντος | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 28 ἔσχεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Ἀλεξάνδρου. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 ἔσχεν | cc | high | |
| 21 | Ἀλεξάνδρου | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἀποθανόντος | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 ἔσχεν | cc | high | |
| 23 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἔσχεν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective: 'other [kings]'. |
| 24 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 βασιλέων | det | high | |
| 25 | βασιλέων | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἄλλοι | nmod | high | |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 πλείστους | cc | high | |
| 27 | πλείστους | πολύς | ADJ | A-APM-SUP | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἔσχεν | obj | high | Substantivized superlative: 'the greatest number' (of elephants). |
| 28 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second coordinated finite clause; subject may be Ἀντίγονος, while ἄλλοι is likely an additional/elliptical subject or textual-syntactic ambiguity. |
| 29 | Ἀντίγονος | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἔσχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἔσχεν | punct | high | |
| 31 | Πύρρῳ | Πύρρος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 ἐγεγόνει | iobj | high | Dative recipient/possessor with ἐγεγόνει. |
| 32 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 36 ἐγεγόνει | cc | high | |
| 33 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 35 μάχης | case | high | |
| 34 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 μάχης | det | high | |
| 35 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ἐγεγόνει | obl | high | Source/origin phrase: 'from the battle'. |
| 36 | ἐγεγόνει | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-LAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Pluperfect of γίγνομαι, with ἔχω-like possession/result interpretation. |
| 37 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 μάχης | det | high | |
| 38 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 39 Δημήτριον | case | high | |
| 39 | Δημήτριον | Δημήτριος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 μάχης | nmod | high | Dependent on μάχη: the battle against Demetrius. |
| 40 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPA | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 42 αἰχμάλωτα | det | high | |
| 41 | θηρία | θηρίον | NOUN | N-NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 42 αἰχμάλωτα | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the predicative construction with αἰχμάλωτα. |
| 42 | αἰχμάλωτα | αἰχμάλωτος | ADJ | A-NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 36 ἐγεγόνει | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement, likely accusative by construction with an understood/elliptical acquisition verb. |
| 43 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 ἐγεγόνει | punct | high |
τότε δὲ ἐπιφανέντων αὐτῶν δεῖμα ἔλαβε Ῥωμαίους ἄλλο τι καὶ οὐ ζῷα εἶναι νομίσαντας.
Genitive absolute ἐπιφανέντων αὐτῶν sets the circumstance; δεῖμα is the subject of ἔλαβε, with Ῥωμαίους as accusative experiencer and νομίσαντας as a supplementary participle agreeing with Ῥωμαίους, governing the infinitive εἶναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-Adverb | _ | 6 ἔλαβε | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἔλαβε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπιφανέντων | ἐπιφαίνω | VERB | V-PPP-GPN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 6 ἔλαβε | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 4 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Personal | 3 ἐπιφανέντων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 5 | δεῖμα | δεῖμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 6 ἔλαβε | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | ἔλαβε | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | Ῥωμαίους | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 6 ἔλαβε | obj | high | Accusative experiencer/object of ἔλαβε. |
| 8 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 12 ζῷα | amod | high | Predicative adjective within the infinitival clause. |
| 9 | τι | τις | PRON | PI-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Indef | 8 ἄλλο | det | high | Indefinite modifier of ἄλλο. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ζῷα | cc | high | |
| 11 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART-N | Polarity=Neg | 13 εἶναι | advmod | high | |
| 12 | ζῷα | ζῷον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 13 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of εἶναι; plural neuter predicate. |
| 13 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 14 νομίσαντας | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on νομίσαντας. |
| 14 | νομίσαντας | νομίζω | VERB | V-AAP-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 7 Ῥωμαίους | xcomp | high | Supplementary participle agreeing with Ῥωμαίους. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔλαβε | punct | high |