Grammar parses for passage 1.13.4
Open translation for this passage
ἑτοιμοτέρῳ καὶ ἄλλως ὄντι ἑλέσθαι τὰ ἐν χερσίν.
The phrase is an infinitival complement with an implied subject in the dative: ἑτοιμοτέρῳ ... ὄντι modifies the dative understood subject, while τὰ ἐν χερσίν is the object of ἑλέσθαι. The exact governing context is omitted, so the root attachment is provisional.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἑτοιμοτέρῳ | ἑτοιμός | ADJ | A-S--DSM/C-- | Case=Dat|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ὄντι | amod | high | Comparative dative adjective; likely agrees with the understood dative subject of the infinitive. |
| 2 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ἑτοιμοτέρῳ | cc | high | Coordinates the adjective with the following adverbial element. |
| 3 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ὄντι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the participle or adjectival predication. |
| 4 | ὄντι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP-DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἑλέσθαι | advcl | medium | Present active dative masculine singular participle; likely forms a dative absolute-like or participial predication with ἑτοιμοτέρῳ, though the larger context is missing. |
| 5 | ἑλέσθαι | αἱρέω | VERB | V-AMN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist middle infinitive, probably dependent on an omitted governing verb in the preceding context. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἑλέσθαι | obj | high | Neuter plural article substantivizing or introducing the object phrase. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 χερσίν | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 8 | χερσίν | χείρ | NOUN | N----DF-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 τὰ | nmod | high | Dative plural governed by ἐν; phrase means things currently in hand(s). |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἑλέσθαι | punct | high |
Κλεώνυμος δὲ οὗτος, ὁ τὸν Πύρρον ἀπολιπόντα τὰ Μακεδόνων πείσας ἐς Πελοπόννησον ἐλθεῖν, Λακεδαιμόνιος ὢν Λακεδαιμονίοις στρατὸν ἐς τὴν χώραν πολέμιον ἐπῆγε διʼ αἰτίαν, ἣν ἐγὼ τοῦ γένους ὕστερον τοῦ Κλεωνύμου δηλώσω.
Οὗτος is an appositional demonstrative with Κλεώνυμος; the article-plus-participial phrase identifies him. Πείσας governs the accusative-and-infinitive construction τὸν Πύρρον ... ἐλθεῖν, while ἀπολιπόντα is a supplementary/circumstantial participle referring to Πύρρον. Ἐπῆγε takes στρατόν as object, πολέμιον as predicative adjective, and ἣν introduces an attributive relative clause modifying αἰτίαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλεώνυμος | Κλεώνυμος | PROPN | NeM-S---Nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπῆγε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 ἐπῆγε | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | PdM-S---Nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Κλεώνυμος | appos | high | |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Κλεώνυμος | punct | high | |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---MSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πείσας | det | high | |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---MAS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀπολιπόντα | det | high | |
| 7 | Πύρρον | Πύρρος | PROPN | NeM-S---Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀπολιπόντα | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἀπολιπόντα | ἀπολείπω | VERB | VAAPMAS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 πείσας | advcl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with Πύρρον; its precise attachment is somewhat compressed. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S---NPA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 Μακεδόνων | det | high | |
| 10 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | NeM-P---Gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 τὰ | nmod | high | Substantivized genitive plural with τὰ, ‘the Macedonians’. |
| 11 | πείσας | πείθω | VERB | VAAPMSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Κλεώνυμος | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying Κλεώνυμος. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | |
| 13 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | NeF-S---Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐλθεῖν | obl | high | |
| 14 | ἐλθεῖν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V--AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 πείσας | xcomp | high | Infinitive in the accusative-and-infinitive construction governed by πείσας. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐπῆγε | punct | high | |
| 16 | Λακεδαιμόνιος | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A--MSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ὢν | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with ὢν. |
| 17 | ὢν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAPMSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἐπῆγε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with Κλεώνυμος as understood subject. |
| 18 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | AeM-P---Dat | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἐπῆγε | iobj | high | Dative of disadvantage/hostile affected party. |
| 19 | στρατὸν | στρατός | NOUN | N--MSA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπῆγε | obj | high | |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 χώραν | case | high | |
| 21 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---FSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 χώραν | det | high | |
| 22 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N--FSA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπῆγε | obl | high | |
| 23 | πολέμιον | πολέμιος | ADJ | A--MSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 στρατὸν | acl | medium | Predicative/object-oriented adjective agreeing with στρατόν; acl is used here for lack of a dedicated predicative-object relation. |
| 24 | ἐπῆγε | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-IAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 25 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 αἰτίαν | case | high | |
| 26 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | N--FSA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπῆγε | obl | high | Accusative of cause with διά. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐπῆγε | punct | high | |
| 28 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | PrF-S---Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 δηλώσω | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to αἰτίαν. |
| 29 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp1-S---Nom | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 35 δηλώσω | nsubj | high | |
| 30 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---NGS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 γένους | det | high | |
| 31 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | N--NGS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 δηλώσω | obl | medium | Genitive with δηλώσω, likely ‘the lineage/family’; syntactic role is semantically compressed. |
| 32 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 35 δηλώσω | advmod | high | |
| 33 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---MSG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 Κλεωνύμου | det | high | |
| 34 | Κλεωνύμου | Κλεώνυμος | PROPN | NeM-S---Gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 γένους | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on γένους. |
| 35 | δηλώσω | δηλόω | VERB | V-F何I1S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 24 ἐπῆγε | ccomp | high | Finite verb of the relative clause; future first singular. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐπῆγε | punct | high |
Παυσανίου τοῦ περὶ Πλάταιαν τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἡγησαμένου Πλειστοάναξ υἱὸς ἐγένετο, τοῦ δὲ Παυσανίας, τοῦ δὲ Κλεόμβροτος, ὃς ἐναντία Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ καὶ Θηβαίοις μαχόμενος ἀπέθανεν ἐν Λέκτροις·
The passage uses an elliptical genealogical sequence after ἐγένετο; the genitives Παυσανίας and Κλεόμβροτος are retained as elliptical descendants, while the relative clause clearly modifies Κλεόμβροτος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Παυσανίου | Παυσανίας | PROPN | N-gen-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἡγησαμένου | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on the participial phrase. |
| 2 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-gen-sg-masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἡγησαμένου | det | high | |
| 3 | περὶ | περί | ADP | Prep | _ | 4 Πλάταιαν | case | high | |
| 4 | Πλάταιαν | Πλάταια | PROPN | N-acc-sg-fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 περὶ | obl | high | Object of περί in the sense of concerning Plataea. |
| 5 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | Art-dat-pl-masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Ἕλλησιν | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-dat-pl-masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἡγησαμένου | obl | high | Dative with ἡγέομαι, 'leading the Greeks'. |
| 7 | ἡγησαμένου | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-part-aor-mid-gen-sg-masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 Πλειστοάναξ | acl | high | Genitive participle agreeing with Παυσανίου; genitive absolute-like genealogical modifier. |
| 8 | Πλειστοάναξ | Πλειστοάναξ | PROPN | N-nom-sg-masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | υἱὸς | υἱός | NOUN | N-nom-sg-masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐγένετο | attr | high | Predicate nominative: 'became a son'. |
| 10 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-ind-aor-mid-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-gen-sg-masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Παυσανίας | det | high | Article used substantivally in the genealogical sequence. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 14 Παυσανίας | cc | high | |
| 14 | Παυσανίας | Παυσανίας | PROPN | N-gen-sg-masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐγένετο | parataxis | medium | Genealogical elliptical continuation; form is genitive despite the following article. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 Παυσανίας | punct | high | |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-gen-sg-masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Κλεόμβροτος | det | high | Article used substantivally in the genealogical sequence. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 18 Κλεόμβροτος | cc | high | |
| 18 | Κλεόμβροτος | Κλεόμβροτος | PROPN | N-gen-sg-masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Παυσανίας | parataxis | medium | Elliptical genealogical continuation, coordinated by δέ. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 Κλεόμβροτος | punct | high | |
| 20 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | Rel-nom-sg-masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 26 ἀπέθανεν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Κλεόμβροτος. |
| 21 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | Adj-acc-pl-neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 μαχόμενος | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, 'opposite/against'; construction is elliptical. |
| 22 | Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ | Ἐπαμεινώνδας | PROPN | N-dat-sg-masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐναντία | obl | high | Dative with ἐναντία, 'against Epaminondas'. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 24 Θηβαίοις | cc | high | |
| 24 | Θηβαίοις | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | N-dat-pl-masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ | conj | high | Coordinated with Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ under the dative construction. |
| 25 | μαχόμενος | μάχομαι | VERB | V-part-pres-mid-nom-sg-masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 26 ἀπέθανεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the relative-clause subject. |
| 26 | ἀπέθανεν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-ind-aor-act-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 18 Κλεόμβροτος | acl:relcl | high | Finite predicate of the relative clause. |
| 27 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 28 Λέκτροις | case | high | |
| 28 | Λέκτροις | Λέκτρα | PROPN | N-dat-pl-neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ἀπέθανεν | obl | high | Place where he died. |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἀπέθανεν | punct | high |
Κλεομβρότου δὲ Ἀγησίπολις ἦν καὶ Κλεομένης,
Genitive Κλεομβρότου is a dependent genitive specifying the Spartan royal line/person associated with the two named kings; ἦν is existential/copular, with Ἀγησίπολις as subject and Κλεομένης coordinated with it. The exact semantic relation of the genitive is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλεομβρότου | Κλεόμβροτος | PROPN | ne-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀγησίπολις | nmod | high | Dependent genitive, elliptical in its precise semantic relation. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | g-------- | _ | 4 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Ἀγησίπολις | Ἀγησίπολις | PROPN | ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 4 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential predicate. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 Κλεομένης | cc | high | Coordinates the second named king with Ἀγησίπολις. |
| 6 | Κλεομένης | Κλεομένης | PROPN | ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀγησίπολις | conj | high | Coordinated subject/name; ellipsis of the copular predicate is understood. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἦν | punct | high |
Ἀγησιπόλιδος δὲ ἄπαιδος τελευτήσαντος Κλεομένης τὴν βασιλείαν ἔσχε.
The opening is a genitive absolute: Ἀγησιπόλιδος ἄπαιδος τελευτήσαντος, ‘after Agesipolis died childless’; Κλεομένης is the main-clause subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀγησιπόλιδος | Ἀγησίπολις | PROPN | Npmg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τελευτήσαντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 8 ἔσχε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄπαιδος | ἄπαις | ADJ | A--gm-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τελευτήσαντος | obl | high | Genitive absolute predicate adjective, agreeing with Ἀγησιπόλιδος. |
| 4 | τελευτήσαντος | τελευτάω | VERB | V--sapm-g | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 ἔσχε | advcl | high | Aorist genitive absolute participle. |
| 5 | Κλεομένης | Κλεομένης | PROPN | Npms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔσχε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔσχε. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | ----afs- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 βασιλείαν | det | high | Article modifying βασιλείαν. |
| 7 | βασιλείαν | βασιλεία | NOUN | Nafsa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔσχε | obj | high | Direct object of ἔσχε. |
| 8 | ἔσχε | ἔχω | VERB | V-2saa--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔσχε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |