Grammar parses for passage 1.13.5
Open translation for this passage
Κλεομένει δὲ παῖδες γίνονται πρεσβύτερος μὲν Ἀκρότατος, νεώτερος δὲ Κλεώνυμος.
Pausanias uses a simple existential/copular-style construction with γίγνομαι; the comparatives πρεσβύτερος and νεώτερος are predicate adjectives describing the two sons.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλεομένει | Κλεομένης | PROPN | NNP-DAT-SG | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 γίνονται | obl | high | Dative of person in whose case children are born. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 γίνονται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | NOUN-NOM-PL | Case=Nom|Gender=Com|Number=Plur | 4 γίνονται | nsubj | high | Subject of γίνονται. |
| 4 | γίνονται | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PI-M/P-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 5 | πρεσβύτερος | πρεσβύτερος | ADJ | ADJ-NOM-SG-MASC-COMP | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἀκρότατος | amod | medium | Predicate adjective modifying Ἀκρότατος; number is irregular/plural sense in context but singular form. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 5 πρεσβύτερος | discourse | high | Correlative particle with following δέ. |
| 7 | Ἀκρότατος | Ἀκρότατος | PROPN | NNP-NOM-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 γίνονται | nsubj | high | Appositive/second subject in the list of children. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 Ἀκρότατος | punct | high | Comma. |
| 9 | νεώτερος | νεώτερος | ADJ | ADJ-NOM-SG-MASC-COMP | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Κλεώνυμος | amod | high | Predicate adjective modifying Κλεώνυμος. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 11 Κλεώνυμος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 11 | Κλεώνυμος | Κλεώνυμος | PROPN | NNP-NOM-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 γίνονται | nsubj | high | Appositive/second subject in the list of children. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 γίνονται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Ἀκρότατον μὲν οὖν πρότερον κατέλαβεν ἡ τελευτή· Κλεομένους δὲ ἀποθανόντος ὕστερον ἐς ἀμφισβήτησιν κατέστη περὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς Ἀρεὺς ὁ Ἀκροτάτου, καὶ Κλεώνυμος ὅτῳ δὴ τρόπῳ μετελθὼν ἐπάγει Πύρρον ἐς τὴν χώραν.
Three coordinated main clauses: two aorist finite verbs (κατέλαβεν, κατέστη) followed by a final present historic ἐπάγει; the genitive absolute ἀποθανόντος Κλεομένους attaches to the middle clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀκρότατον | Ἀκρότατος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 κατέλαβεν | obj | high | Object of κατέλαβεν. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 5 κατέλαβεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 5 κατέλαβεν | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | _ | _ | 5 κατέλαβεν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 5 | κατέλαβεν | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First main clause verb. |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 τελευτή | det | high | Article. |
| 7 | τελευτή | τελευτή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 κατέλαβεν | nsubj | high | Subject of κατέλαβεν. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 κατέλαβεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 9 | Κλεομένους | Κλεομένης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀποθανόντος | nsubj | high | Subject of genitive absolute participle. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 15 κατέστη | discourse | high | Connective particle. |
| 11 | ἀποθανόντος | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 κατέστη | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 12 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | _ | _ | 15 κατέστη | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 14 ἀμφισβήτησιν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 14 | ἀμφισβήτησιν | ἀμφισβήτησις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 κατέστη | obl | high | Oblique complement with ἐς. |
| 15 | κατέστη | καθίστημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main clause verb. |
| 16 | περὶ | περί | ADP | _ | _ | 18 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Preposition. |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 ἀρχῆς | det | high | Article. |
| 18 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 κατέστη | obl | high | Oblique complement with περὶ. |
| 19 | Ἀρεὺς | Ἀρεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 κατέστη | nsubj | high | Subject of κατέστη. |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Ἀκροτάτου | det | high | Article. |
| 21 | Ἀκροτάτου | Ἀκρότατος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Ἀρεὺς | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Ἀρεὺς. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 Ἀρεὺς | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 29 ἐπάγει | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 24 | Κλεώνυμος | Κλεώνυμος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπάγει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπάγει. |
| 25 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 27 τρόπῳ | det | medium | Relative/interrogative form modifying τρόπῳ; parsing is uncertain. |
| 26 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 27 τρόπῳ | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 27 | τρόπῳ | τρόπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπάγει | obl | high | Manner dative with μετελθὼν / ἐπάγει. |
| 28 | μετελθὼν | μετέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 29 ἐπάγει | advcl | high | Aorist participle, adverbial. |
| 29 | ἐπάγει | ἐπάγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Final main clause verb. |
| 30 | Πύρρον | Πύρρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπάγει | obj | high | Object of ἐπάγει. |
| 31 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 33 χώραν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 32 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 33 χώραν | det | high | Article. |
| 33 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπάγει | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐπάγει | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ πρὸ μὲν τοῦ ἐν Λεύκτροις οὐδὲν ἐγεγόνει πταῖσμα, ὥστε οὐδὲ συνεχώρουν ἀγῶνί πω κεκρατῆσθαι πεζῷ·
The syntax is straightforward up to ἐγεγόνει πταῖσμα; the ὥστε clause contains an infinitival construction with dative complements that is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-p---md- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐγεγόνει | obl | high | Dative of reference/advantage with the main clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἐγεγόνει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | R | _ | 5 τοῦ | case | high | Introduces the temporal phrase. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 3 πρὸ | advmod | low | Correlative particle with πρὸ ...; attaches provisionally to the adposition. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἐγεγόνει | obl | medium | Article governing the temporal-genitive construction with ἐν Λεύκτροις. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 7 Λεύκτροις | case | high | Case marker for Λεύκτροις. |
| 7 | Λεύκτροις | Λεύκτρα | PROPN | Np-p---nd- | Case=Dative|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 τοῦ | nmod | high | Place name in dative after ἐν. |
| 8 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 10 πταῖσμα | det | high | Negative pronoun modifying πταῖσμα. |
| 9 | ἐγεγόνει | γίγνομαι | VERB | v-3saia-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperfect|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 10 | πταῖσμα | πταῖσμα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐγεγόνει | obj | high | Accusative object/predicate noun with γίγνομαι in this context. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐγεγόνει | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 12 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 14 συνεχώρουν | mark | high | Marks result clause. |
| 13 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 συνεχώρουν | cc | high | Connective within the result clause. |
| 14 | συνεχώρουν | συγχωρέω | VERB | v-3piia-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 ἐγεγόνει | advcl | high | Result clause dependent on ἐγεγόνει. |
| 15 | ἀγῶνί | ἀγών | NOUN | n-s---md- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 κεκρατῆσθαι | obl | medium | Likely dative complement with κεκρατῆσθαι, though syntax is compressed. |
| 16 | πω | πω | PART | _ | _ | 17 κεκρατῆσθαι | advmod | high | Temporal particle modifying the infinitive phrase. |
| 17 | κεκρατῆσθαι | κρατέω | VERB | v--rna--- | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Perfect|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 14 συνεχώρουν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of συνεχώρουν. |
| 18 | πεζῷ | πεζός | ADJ | a-s---md- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 κεκρατῆσθαι | obl | medium | Dative modifying the infinitival phrase, probably 'on foot'. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐγεγόνει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |