Grammar parses for passage 1.13.5
Open translation for this passage
Κλεομένει δὲ παῖδες γίνονται πρεσβύτερος μὲν Ἀκρότατος, νεώτερος δὲ Κλεώνυμος.
The names with πρεσβύτερος/νεώτερος are appositional identifications of the plural subject παῖδες; Κλεομένει is a dative of possession with γίνονται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλεομένει | Κλεομένης | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 γίνονται | iobj | high | Dative of possession/recipient with γίνονται. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 γίνονται | cc | high | |
| 3 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N—Nom;Pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 γίνονται | nsubj | high | Predicate subject: children are born to Cleomenes. |
| 4 | γίνονται | γίγνομαι | VERB | V—Pres;Ind;Mid;3;Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | πρεσβύτερος | πρέσβυς | ADJ | A—Nom;Sing;Masc;Comp | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἀκρότατος | amod | high | Comparative adjective modifying the first named son. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 5 πρεσβύτερος | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with following δέ. |
| 7 | Ἀκρότατος | Ἀκρότατος | PROPN | N—Nom;Sing;Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 παῖδες | appos | high | Appositional name identifying the elder son. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 Ἀκρότατος | punct | high | |
| 9 | νεώτερος | νέος | ADJ | A—Nom;Sing;Masc;Comp | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Κλεώνυμος | amod | high | Comparative adjective modifying the second named son. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 νεώτερος | cc | high | Correlative δέ contrasting the second son with the first. |
| 11 | Κλεώνυμος | Κλεώνυμος | PROPN | N—Nom;Sing;Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 παῖδες | appos | high | Appositional name identifying the younger son. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 γίνονται | punct | high |
Ἀκρότατον μὲν οὖν πρότερον κατέλαβεν ἡ τελευτή· Κλεομένους δὲ ἀποθανόντος ὕστερον ἐς ἀμφισβήτησιν κατέστη περὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς Ἀρεὺς ὁ Ἀκροτάτου, καὶ Κλεώνυμος ὅτῳ δὴ τρόπῳ μετελθὼν ἐπάγει Πύρρον ἐς τὴν χώραν.
The passage contains two coordinated finite predicates (κατέστη ... ἐπάγει); Κλεομένους ἀποθανόντος is a genitive absolute, and μετελθών is a circumstantial participle modifying Κλεώνυμος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀκρότατον | Ἀκρότατος | PROPN | Neut/Acc/Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 κατέλαβεν | obj | medium | Personal name, formally accusative masculine singular; spelling is identical to neuter superlative. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 5 κατέλαβεν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | Adv | _ | 5 κατέλαβεν | advmod | high | |
| 4 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | Adv | Degree=Cmp | 5 κατέλαβεν | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative, 'earlier/previously'. |
| 5 | κατέλαβεν | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | Art-NFS | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 τελευτή | det | high | |
| 7 | τελευτή | τελευτή | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 κατέλαβεν | nsubj | high | Death is personified as the subject of κατέλαβεν. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 κατέλαβεν | punct | high | |
| 9 | Κλεομένους | Κλεομένης | PROPN | Gen-M-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀποθανόντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 15 κατέστη | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἀποθανόντος | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AAP-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 κατέστη | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Κλεομένους. |
| 12 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | Adv | Degree=Cmp | 15 κατέστη | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative, 'later'. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 14 ἀμφισβήτησιν | case | high | |
| 14 | ἀμφισβήτησιν | ἀμφισβήτησις | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 κατέστη | obl | high | Motion into a dispute/contest. |
| 15 | κατέστη | καθίστημι | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated clause; κατέστη governs the following περί phrase. |
| 16 | περὶ | περί | ADP | Prep | _ | 18 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art-GFS | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἀρχῆς | det | high | |
| 18 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 κατέστη | obl | high | |
| 19 | Ἀρεὺς | Ἀρεύς | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 κατέστη | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-NMS | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Ἀκροτάτου | det | high | Article introducing the genitive patronymic/name phrase. |
| 21 | Ἀκροτάτου | Ἀκρότατος | PROPN | Gen-M-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Ἀρεὺς | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive dependent on Ἀρεὺς; article agreement is formally unusual or elliptical. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 κατέστη | punct | high | |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 29 ἐπάγει | cc | high | Coordinates the second subject with the preceding clause's subject/predication. |
| 24 | Κλεώνυμος | Κλεώνυμος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπάγει | nsubj | high | |
| 25 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | Rel-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 27 τρόπῳ | det | medium | Relative/indefinite form in the idiom ὅτῳ ... τρόπῳ, 'by whatever manner'; often analyzed as determiner. |
| 26 | δὴ | δή | PART | Part | _ | 28 μετελθὼν | discourse | medium | Emphatic particle within the manner expression. |
| 27 | τρόπῳ | τρόπος | NOUN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 μετελθὼν | obl | high | Dative of manner with μετελθών. |
| 28 | μετελθὼν | μετέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 29 ἐπάγει | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Κλεώνυμος. |
| 29 | ἐπάγει | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 κατέστη | conj | high | Coordinated predicate after the account of the dispute. |
| 30 | Πύρρον | Πύρρος | PROPN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπάγει | obj | high | |
| 31 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 33 χώραν | case | high | |
| 32 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-AFS | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 χώραν | det | high | |
| 33 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπάγει | obl | high | Goal/location of ἐπάγει. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐπάγει | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ πρὸ μὲν τοῦ ἐν Λεύκτροις οὐδὲν ἐγεγόνει πταῖσμα, ὥστε οὐδὲ συνεχώρουν ἀγῶνί πω κεκρατῆσθαι πεζῷ·
The dative Λακεδαιμονίοις is the experiencer/subject of ἐγεγόνει and συνεχώρουν; πρὸ τοῦ ἐν Λεύκτροις means ‘before the event at Leuctra’. ὥστε introduces a result clause with infinitival κεκρατῆσθαι, whose understood subject is ἀγῶνα and whose agent is πεζῷ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐγεγόνει | nsubj | high | Dative plural personal name used substantivally. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 συνεχώρουν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 ἐγεγόνει | case | high | Takes the genitive τοῦ. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 3 πρὸ | advmod | high | Correlative particle paired with δέ. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 κεκρατῆσθαι | mark | medium | Substantivizing article introducing the genitive event phrase; syntactically dependent on the temporal preposition. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Λεύκτροις | case | high | Preposition governing Λεύκτροις. |
| 7 | Λεύκτροις | Λεῦκτρα | PROPN | D-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 τοῦ | nmod | high | Place name in the dative after ἐν. |
| 8 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 10 πταῖσμα | det | high | Negative indefinite determiner modifying πταῖσμα. |
| 9 | ἐγεγόνει | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-LIA3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Act | 14 συνεχώρουν | conj | high | Pluperfect of γίγνομαι, ‘had occurred’. |
| 10 | πταῖσμα | πταῖσμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐγεγόνει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγεγόνει. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐγεγόνει | punct | high | |
| 12 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 συνεχώρουν | mark | high | Introduces the result clause. |
| 13 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 συνεχώρουν | advmod | high | Negative additive adverb, ‘not even’. |
| 14 | συνεχώρουν | συγχωρέω | VERB | V-IAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate, with dative Λακεδαιμονίοις as understood subject. |
| 15 | ἀγῶνί | ἀγών | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 κεκρατῆσθαι | obl | medium | Dative of contest/circumstance with κεκρατῆσθαι; alternatively may be construed as a dative dependent on the verbal notion of being defeated. |
| 16 | πω | πω | ADV | ADV | _ | 14 συνεχώρουν | advmod | high | ‘Yet/ever so far’, modifying συνεχώρουν. |
| 17 | κεκρατῆσθαι | κρατέω | VERB | V-RPN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 14 συνεχώρουν | xcomp | high | Perfect passive infinitive, complement of συνεχώρουν; understood subject is ἀγῶνα. |
| 18 | πεζῷ | πεζός | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 κεκρατῆσθαι | obl:agent | medium | Dative agent, ‘by infantry’; elliptical substantive πεζῷ. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 συνεχώρουν | punct | high |
Λεωνίδᾳ μὲν γὰρ νικῶντι οὐκ ἔφασαν τοὺς ἑπομένους ἐς τελέαν ἐξαρκέσαι φθορὰν τῶν Μήδων, τὸ δὲ Ἀθηναίων καὶ Δημοσθένους ἔργον πρὸς τῇ νήσῳ Σφακτηρίᾳ κλοπὴν εἶναι πολέμου καὶ οὐ νίκην.
ἔφασαν governs two coordinated accusative-plus-infinitive clauses: τοὺς ἑπομένους ... ἐξαρκέσαι and τὸ ... ἔργον ... εἶναι. Λεωνίδᾳ νικῶντι is a dative absolute-like temporal frame; πρὸς τῇ νήσῳ means location/proximity. τελέαν agrees with φθοράν, with ἐς marking the result extent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λεωνίδᾳ | Λεωνίδας | PROPN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 νικῶντι | obl | medium | Dative with νικῶντι, plausibly a temporal/circumstantial dative absolute-like construction. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 6 ἔφασαν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | Gg | _ | 6 ἔφασαν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | νικῶντι | νικάω | VERB | V-PAP-DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἔφασαν | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle with Λεωνίδᾳ. |
| 5 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 11 ἐξαρκέσαι | advmod | high | |
| 6 | ἔφασαν | φημί | VERB | V-IAI-3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S---APM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἑπομένους | det | high | |
| 8 | ἑπομένους | ἕπομαι | VERB | V-PMP-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 ἐξαρκέσαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 11 ἐξαρκέσαι | case | high | |
| 10 | τελέαν | τέλειος | ADJ | A-SF-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 φθορὰν | amod | high | |
| 11 | ἐξαρκέσαι | ἐξαρκέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 ἔφασαν | ccomp | high | Infinitive in the first accusative-plus-infinitive complement. |
| 12 | φθορὰν | φθορά | NOUN | N-SF-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐξαρκέσαι | obj | high | Extent/object of ἐξαρκέσαι. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S---GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 Μήδων | det | high | |
| 14 | Μήδων | Μῆδος | PROPN | N--GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 φθορὰν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on φθοράν. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔφασαν | punct | high | |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S---NSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἔργον | det | high | |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἔργον | cc | high | Coordinates the second reported proposition. |
| 18 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A--GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἔργον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἔργον. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 Δημοσθένους | cc | high | |
| 20 | Δημοσθένους | Δημοσθένης | PROPN | N--GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀθηναίων | conj | high | Coordinates with Ἀθηναίων as a genitive possessor. |
| 21 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-SN-NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Nominal subject of εἶναι in the second accusative-plus-infinitive clause. |
| 22 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 24 νήσῳ | case | high | |
| 23 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S---DF-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 νήσῳ | det | high | |
| 24 | νήσῳ | νῆσος | NOUN | N-SF-DF-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἔργον | obl | high | Locative/proximate adjunct with πρὸς. |
| 25 | Σφακτηρίᾳ | Σφακτηρία | PROPN | N--DF-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 νήσῳ | appos | high | Apposition specifying the island. |
| 26 | κλοπὴν | κλοπή | NOUN | N-SF-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 27 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 ἔφασαν | ccomp | high | Infinitive in the second accusative-plus-infinitive complement; ἔργον is its nominative subject. |
| 28 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 κλοπὴν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on κλοπήν. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 31 νίκην | cc | high | |
| 30 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 31 νίκην | advmod | high | |
| 31 | νίκην | νίκη | NOUN | N-SF-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 εἶναι | conj | high | Coordinated predicate accusative with κλοπήν. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔφασαν | punct | high |