Grammar parses for passage 1.13.6
Open translation for this passage
πρώτης δὲ γενομένης σφίσι συμφορᾶς ἐν Βοιωτοῖς, ὕστερον Ἀντιπάτρῳ καὶ Μακεδόσι μεγάλως προσέπταισαν· τρίτος δὲ ὁ Δημητρίου πόλεμος κακὸν ἀνέλπιστον ἦλθεν ἐς τὴν γῆν.
The sentence contains a genitive absolute (πρώτης ... γενομένης συμφορᾶς) followed by a coordinated clause; the second clause uses κακόν and ἀνέλπιστον as neuter predicative/appositional descriptions of the Demetrius war/event.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρώτης | πρῶτος | ADJ | A- -GSF | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 συμφορᾶς | amod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 προσέπταισαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | γενομένης | γίγνομαι | VERB | V- -GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 5 συμφορᾶς | acl | high | Genitive absolute with συμφορᾶς. |
| 4 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | P- -D | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 3 γενομένης | iobj | high | |
| 5 | συμφορᾶς | συμφορά | NOUN | N- -GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 προσέπταισαν | advcl | high | Head noun of the genitive absolute. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Βοιωτοῖς | case | high | |
| 7 | Βοιωτοῖς | Βοιωτός | PROPN | N- -DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 προσέπταισαν | obl | high | Dative object of ἐν. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 προσέπταισαν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | ADV | _ | 14 προσέπταισαν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | Ἀντιπάτρῳ | Ἀντίπατρος | PROPN | N- -DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 προσέπταισαν | obl | high | Dative with προσπίπτω/προσπταίω. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 Μακεδόσι | cc | high | |
| 12 | Μακεδόσι | Μακεδών | PROPN | N- -DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 προσέπταισαν | obl | high | Coordinated dative with Ἀντιπάτρῳ. |
| 13 | μεγάλως | μεγάλως | ADV | ADV | _ | 14 προσέπταισαν | advmod | high | |
| 14 | προσέπταισαν | προσπταίω | VERB | V- -3PAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 προσέπταισαν | punct | high | |
| 16 | τρίτος | τρίτος | ADJ | A- -NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 πόλεμος | amod | high | Ordinal used predicatively/elliptically: the third [calamity/war]. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 ἦλθεν | cc | high | |
| 18 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T- -NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 πόλεμος | det | high | |
| 19 | Δημητρίου | Δημήτριος | PROPN | N- -GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 πόλεμος | nmod | high | |
| 20 | πόλεμος | πόλεμος | NOUN | N- -NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἦλθεν | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | κακὸν | κακός | ADJ | A- -NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἦλθεν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with ἦλθεν; neuter form suggests an appositional/elliptical characterization. |
| 22 | ἀνέλπιστον | ἀνέλπιστος | ADJ | A- -NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 κακὸν | conj | medium | Coordinated with κακόν; both are neuter predicative/appositional adjectives. |
| 23 | ἦλθεν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V- -3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated clause; ἦλθεν governs ἐς τὴν γῆν. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 γῆν | case | high | |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T- -ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 γῆν | det | high | |
| 26 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N- -ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἦλθεν | obl | high | |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἦλθεν | punct | high |
Πύρρου δὲ ἐσβαλόντος τέταρτον δὴ τότε στρατὸν ὁρῶντες πολέμιον αὐτοί τε παρετάσσοντο καὶ Ἀργείων ἥκοντες καὶ Μεσσηνίων σύμμαχοι· Πύρρος δὲ ὡς ἐπεκράτησεν, ὀλίγου μὲν ἦλθεν ἑλεῖν αὐτοβοεὶ τὴν πόλιν, δῃώσας δὲ τὴν γῆν καὶ λείαν ἐλάσας μικρὸν ἡσύχαζεν.
The first clause is syntactically compressed: ἥκοντες ... σύμμαχοι supplies a coordinated/participial description of the nominative group accompanying the main verb παρετάσσοντο; the second clause has μέν...δέ coordination with ἦλθεν and ἡσύχαζεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πύρρου | Πύρρος | PROPN | Ne Gen Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐσβαλόντος | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 3 ἐσβαλόντος | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐσβαλόντος | εἰσβάλλω | VERB | VAAPGM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 παρετάσσοντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 4 | τέταρτον | τέταρτος | ADJ | A-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 στρατὸν | amod | high | |
| 5 | δὴ | δή | PART | -------- | _ | 7 στρατὸν | advmod | high | |
| 6 | τότε | τότε | ADV | -------- | _ | 12 παρετάσσοντο | advmod | high | |
| 7 | στρατὸν | στρατός | NOUN | N-A-S--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὁρῶντες | obj | high | |
| 8 | ὁρῶντες | ὁράω | VERB | V-PAPNM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 παρετάσσοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject shared with παρετάσσοντο. |
| 9 | πολέμιον | πολέμιος | ADJ | A-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 στρατὸν | amod | high | |
| 10 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 12 παρετάσσοντο | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject pronoun. |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 10 αὐτοί | cc | high | |
| 12 | παρετάσσοντο | παρατάσσω | VERB | V-IIM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 18 σύμμαχοι | cc | high | |
| 14 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | Ne Gen Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἥκοντες | obl | medium | Genitive with ἥκοντες, probably 'coming from the Argives'. |
| 15 | ἥκοντες | ἥκω | VERB | V-PAPNM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 σύμμαχοι | acl | medium | Participial modifier of σύμμαχοι; coordination is compressed. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 18 σύμμαχοι | cc | high | |
| 17 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Ne Gen Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 σύμμαχοι | nmod | high | |
| 18 | σύμμαχοι | σύμμαχος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 παρετάσσοντο | conj | medium | Coordinated/compressed predicate participial phrase; understood subject is the same group. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 παρετάσσοντο | punct | high | |
| 20 | Πύρρος | Πύρρος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἦλθεν | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 27 ἦλθεν | cc | high | |
| 22 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | -------- | _ | 23 ἐπεκράτησεν | mark | high | Temporal/subordinate conjunction. |
| 23 | ἐπεκράτησεν | ἐπικρατέω | VERB | V-IAA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 27 ἦλθεν | advcl | high | |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐπεκράτησεν | punct | high | |
| 25 | ὀλίγου | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-S-GSM | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἦλθεν | obl | medium | Partitive/quantitative genitive in ὀλίγου ἦλθεν ἑλεῖν, 'came near to taking'. |
| 26 | μὲν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 27 ἦλθεν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν, answered by δέ at token 34. |
| 27 | ἦλθεν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-IAA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate of the second clause. |
| 28 | ἑλεῖν | αἱρέω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 27 ἦλθεν | xcomp | high | |
| 29 | αὐτοβοεὶ | αὐτοβοεί | ADV | -------- | _ | 28 ἑλεῖν | advmod | high | Adverb 'at the first alarm/with the whole force'; lexical parsing uncertain. |
| 30 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S-AFA | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 31 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-AFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἑλεῖν | obj | high | |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἦλθεν | punct | high | |
| 33 | δῃώσας | δηιόω | VERB | VAAPNM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 41 ἡσύχαζεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with Πύρρος as subject. |
| 34 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 41 ἡσύχαζεν | cc | high | Correlative contrast to μέν at token 26. |
| 35 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S-AFA | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 γῆν | det | high | |
| 36 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-AFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 δῃώσας | obj | high | |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 39 ἐλάσας | cc | high | |
| 38 | λείαν | λεία | NOUN | N-AFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 ἐλάσας | obj | high | Object of ἐλάσας: driving off booty. |
| 39 | ἐλάσας | ἐλαύνω | VERB | VAAPNM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 41 ἡσύχαζεν | advcl | high | Coordinated with δῃώσας. |
| 40 | μικρὸν | μικρός | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 41 ἡσύχαζεν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, 'for a short while/a little'. |
| 41 | ἡσύχαζεν | ἡσυχάζω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 27 ἦλθεν | conj | high | Coordinated main verb after the μέν...δέ contrast. |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἦλθεν | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ ἐς πολιορκίαν εὐτρεπίζοντο, πρότερον ἔτι τῆς Σπάρτης ἐπὶ τοῦ πολέμου τοῦ πρὸς Δημήτριον τάφροις τε βαθείαις καὶ σταυροῖς τετειχισμένης ἰσχυροῖς, τὰ δὲ ἐπιμαχώτατα καὶ οἰκοδομήμασιν.
The participial phrase modifies τῆς Σπάρτης and describes Sparta as fortified: τετειχισμένης agrees with Σπάρτης, with instrumental datives τάφροις/σταυροῖς and coordinated predicates; τὰ ἐπιμαχώτατα is a substantivized neuter plural subject/elliptical complement in the final contrast.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 εὐτρεπίζοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 εὐτρεπίζοντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 πολιορκίαν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | πολιορκίαν | πολιορκία | NOUN | N--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 εὐτρεπίζοντο | obl | high | Goal/purpose complement. |
| 5 | εὐτρεπίζοντο | εὐτρεπίζω | VERB | V3PIIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle: they were preparing themselves. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εὐτρεπίζοντο | punct | high | |
| 7 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 22 τετειχισμένης | advmod | medium | Temporal adverb; scope over the participial clause. |
| 8 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 πρότερον | advmod | high | |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Σπάρτης | det | high | |
| 10 | Σπάρτης | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 τετειχισμένης | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the agreeing participle. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 πολέμου | case | high | |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πολέμου | det | high | |
| 13 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-SM-G--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 τετειχισμένης | obl | high | Temporal/occasion phrase with ἐπί. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πολέμου | det | high | |
| 15 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Δημήτριον | case | high | |
| 16 | Δημήτριον | Δημήτριος | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πολέμου | nmod | high | Object of πρὸς in the phrase modifying πολέμου. |
| 17 | τάφροις | τάφρος | NOUN | N-P---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 τετειχισμένης | obl | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 τάφροις | cc | high | |
| 19 | βαθείαις | βαθύς | ADJ | A-P---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 τάφροις | amod | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 σταυροῖς | cc | high | Coordinates the second instrumental phrase. |
| 21 | σταυροῖς | σταυρός | NOUN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 τετειχισμένης | obl | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 22 | τετειχισμένης | τειχίζω | VERB | V-RP-PGF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 5 εὐτρεπίζοντο | advcl | high | Perfect passive participle, agreeing with τῆς Σπάρτης. |
| 23 | ἰσχυροῖς | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 σταυροῖς | amod | high | Agrees with σταυροῖς. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εὐτρεπίζοντο | punct | high | |
| 25 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 ἐπιμαχώτατα | det | high | Substantivizing article. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 ἐπιμαχώτατα | cc | high | Adversative connective. |
| 27 | ἐπιμαχώτατα | ἐπιμάχητος | ADJ | A-P-SNA- | Case=Nom|Degree=Superl|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 εὐτρεπίζοντο | conj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural; likely elliptical coordinated predicate/complement, with syntax compressed. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 29 οἰκοδομήμασιν | cc | high | |
| 29 | οἰκοδομήμασιν | οἰκοδόμημα | NOUN | N-P---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 ἐπιμαχώτατα | obl | medium | Instrumental dative, coordinated with the earlier fortification means; attachment to the substantivized phrase is syntactically compressed. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εὐτρεπίζοντο | punct | high |