Grammar parses for passage 1.13.6
Open translation for this passage
πρώτης δὲ γενομένης σφίσι συμφορᾶς ἐν Βοιωτοῖς, ὕστερον Ἀντιπάτρῳ καὶ Μακεδόσι μεγάλως προσέπταισαν· τρίτος δὲ ὁ Δημητρίου πόλεμος κακὸν ἀνέλπιστον ἦλθεν ἐς τὴν γῆν.
Two main clauses are coordinated only loosely: a genitive absolute with locative/dative adjuncts, then a second clause where κακὸν ἀνέλπιστον is syntactically compressed and attached as a secondary complement of ἦλθεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρώτης | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-Gen-Sg-Fem | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 συμφορᾶς | amod | high | Modifies συμφορᾶς. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 14 προσέπταισαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective for the first clause. |
| 3 | γενομένης | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AorMidPart-GenSgFem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 συμφορᾶς | amod | high | Genitive participle in genitive absolute with συμφορᾶς. |
| 4 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-Dat-Pl | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 γενομένης | iobj | high | Dative of reference/interest with γενομένης. |
| 5 | συμφορᾶς | συμφορά | NOUN | N-Gen-Sg-Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 γενομένης | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 7 Βοιωτοῖς | case | high | Introduces locative phrase. |
| 7 | Βοιωτοῖς | Βοιωτός | PROPN | N-Dat-Pl-Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 προσέπταισαν | obl | medium | Likely 'among the Boeotians'. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 προσέπταισαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | _ | _ | 14 προσέπταισαν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying προσέπταισαν. |
| 10 | Ἀντιπάτρῳ | Ἀντίπατρος | PROPN | N-Dat-Sg-Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 προσέπταισαν | obl | high | Dative complement of προσέπταισαν. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 Μακεδόσι | cc | high | Coordinates Ἀντιπάτρῳ and Μακεδόσι. |
| 12 | Μακεδόσι | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-Dat-Pl-Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἀντιπάτρῳ | conj | high | Conjunct to Ἀντιπάτρῳ. |
| 13 | μεγάλως | μεγάλως | ADV | _ | _ | 14 προσέπταισαν | advmod | high | Manner adverb. |
| 14 | προσέπταισαν | προσπταίω | VERB | V-AorActInd3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of first clause. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 προσέπταισαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | τρίτος | τρίτος | ADJ | A-Nom-Sg-Masc | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 πόλεμος | amod | high | Modifies πόλεμος. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 23 ἦλθεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective for second clause. |
| 18 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-Nom-Sg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 πόλεμος | det | high | Article with πόλεμος. |
| 19 | Δημητρίου | Δημήτριος | PROPN | N-Gen-Sg-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 πόλεμος | nmod | high | Attributive genitive. |
| 20 | πόλεμος | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-Nom-Sg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἦλθεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦλθεν. |
| 21 | κακὸν | κακός | ADJ | A-Acc-Sg-Neut | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἦλθεν | xcomp | medium | Predicative/secondary complement; neuter acc. may reflect adverbial use or accusative of respect. |
| 22 | ἀνέλπιστον | ἀνέλπιστος | ADJ | A-Acc-Sg-Neut | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 κακὸν | conj | low | Likely coordinated with κακόν, though syntax is compressed. |
| 23 | ἦλθεν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-AorActInd3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of second clause. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 26 γῆν | case | high | Introduces goal phrase. |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 γῆν | det | high | Article with γῆν. |
| 26 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἦλθεν | obl | high | Goal complement of ἦλθεν. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἦλθεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Πύρρου δὲ ἐσβαλόντος τέταρτον δὴ τότε στρατὸν ὁρῶντες πολέμιον αὐτοί τε παρετάσσοντο καὶ Ἀργείων ἥκοντες καὶ Μεσσηνίων σύμμαχοι· Πύρρος δὲ ὡς ἐπεκράτησεν, ὀλίγου μὲν ἦλθεν ἑλεῖν αὐτοβοεὶ τὴν πόλιν, δῃώσας δὲ τὴν γῆν καὶ λείαν ἐλάσας μικρὸν ἡσύχαζεν.
Participial clause with genitive absolute opening the sentence; later temporal/causal subordination with ὡς, and coordinated main clause with participial complements.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πύρρου | Πύρρος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐσβαλόντος | advcl | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἐσβαλόντος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐσβαλόντος | ἐσβάλλω | VERB | V-AAP-GenS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 παρετάσσοντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 4 | τέταρτον | τέταρτος | ADJ | A-AccS | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 στρατὸν | amod | high | Modifies στρατὸν. |
| 5 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 6 τότε | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 6 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D | _ | 12 παρετάσσοντο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 7 | στρατὸν | στρατός | NOUN | N-AccS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πολέμιον | obj | high | Object of ὁρῶντες. |
| 8 | ὁρῶντες | ὁράω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 παρετάσσοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle. |
| 9 | πολέμιον | πολέμιος | ADJ | A-AccS | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 στρατὸν | amod | high | Attributive to στρατὸν. |
| 10 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---NP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 12 παρετάσσοντο | nsubj | high | Explicit subject of παρετάσσοντο. |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 10 αὐτοί | cc | high | Enclitic coordinator. |
| 12 | παρετάσσοντο | παρατάσσω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 σύμμαχοι | cc | high | Coordinator of δεύτερον coordinated predicate/phrase. |
| 14 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἥκοντες | nmod | medium | Likely dependent on ἥκοντες, expressing source/origin. |
| 15 | ἥκοντες | ἥκω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 παρετάσσοντο | conj | high | Coordinated participial clause. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 σύμμαχοι | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 17 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 σύμμαχοι | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of σύμμαχοι. |
| 18 | σύμμαχοι | σύμμαχος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 παρετάσσοντο | conj | high | Nominal predicate/coordination with preceding participles. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 παρετάσσοντο | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 20 | Πύρρος | Πύρρος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἦλθεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦλθεν. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 23 ἐπεκράτησεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 22 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 23 ἐπεκράτησεν | mark | high | Subordinator. |
| 23 | ἐπεκράτησεν | ἐπικρατέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 27 ἦλθεν | advcl | high | Subordinate clause with ὡς. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐπεκράτησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 25 | ὀλίγου | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-GenS | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ἦλθεν | obl | medium | Part of impersonal idiom ὀλίγου ἦλθεν. |
| 26 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 25 ὀλίγου | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 27 | ἦλθεν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second sentence segment. |
| 28 | ἑλεῖν | αἱρέω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 27 ἦλθεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 29 | αὐτοβοεὶ | αὐτοβοεί | ADV | D | _ | 27 ἦλθεν | advmod | high | Manner adverb. |
| 30 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 πόλιν | det | high | Article with πόλιν. |
| 31 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-AccS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἑλεῖν | obj | high | Object of ἑλεῖν. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἦλθεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 33 | δῃώσας | δῃόω | VERB | V-AAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 41 ἡσύχαζεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying Πύρρος. |
| 34 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 33 δῃώσας | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 35 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 36 γῆν | det | high | Article with γῆν. |
| 36 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-AccS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 δῃώσας | obj | high | Object of δῃώσας. |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 39 ἐλάσας | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 38 | λείαν | λεία | NOUN | N-AccS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 ἐλάσας | obj | medium | Object of ἐλάσας; semantic relation slightly uncertain. |
| 39 | ἐλάσας | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V-AAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 41 ἡσύχαζεν | advcl | high | Second circumstantial participle. |
| 40 | μικρὸν | μικρός | ADJ | A-AccS | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 41 ἡσύχαζεν | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative of extent. |
| 41 | ἡσύχαζεν | ἡσυχάζω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Final main verb. |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 41 ἡσύχαζεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
οἱ δὲ ἐς πολιορκίαν εὐτρεπίζοντο, πρότερον ἔτι τῆς Σπάρτης ἐπὶ τοῦ πολέμου τοῦ πρὸς Δημήτριον τάφροις τε βαθείαις καὶ σταυροῖς τετειχισμένης ἰσχυροῖς, τὰ δὲ ἐπιμαχώτατα καὶ οἰκοδομήμασιν.
The syntax is compressed, with a genitive-absolute-like participial phrase and a final coordinated dative instrument phrase modifying the main clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 εὐτρεπίζοντο | nsubj | high | Article functioning as substantive subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Pcl | _ | 5 εὐτρεπίζοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 4 πολιορκίαν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 4 | πολιορκίαν | πολιορκία | NOUN | N-SF-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 εὐτρεπίζοντο | obl | high | Goal/result phrase with ἐς. |
| 5 | εὐτρεπίζοντο | εὐτρεπίζω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εὐτρεπίζοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | B | _ | 5 εὐτρεπίζοντο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 8 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | B | _ | 5 εὐτρεπίζοντο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Σπάρτης | det | high | Article in genitive phrase. |
| 10 | Σπάρτης | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-?F-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 τετειχισμένης | nsubj:pass | medium | Likely genitive subject of τετειχισμένης in absolute-like construction. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | Prep | _ | 13 πολέμου | case | high | Preposition. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 πολέμου | det | high | Article. |
| 13 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 τετειχισμένης | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐπί. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Δημήτριον | det | high | Article. |
| 15 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | Prep | _ | 16 Δημήτριον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 16 | Δημήτριον | Δημήτριος | PROPN | N-SM-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πολέμου | nmod | medium | Epexegetic/genitive-like modifier in the phrase τοῦ πρὸς Δημήτριον. |
| 17 | τάφροις | τάφρος | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 τετειχισμένης | obl | high | Dative ablative of means/instrument. |
| 18 | τε | τε | PART | Clit | _ | 17 τάφροις | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 19 | βαθείαις | βαθύς | ADJ | A-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 τάφροις | amod | high | Modifies τάφροις. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Coord | _ | 21 σταυροῖς | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 21 | σταυροῖς | σταυρός | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 τετειχισμένης | obl | high | Second dative means phrase coordinated with τάφροις. |
| 22 | τετειχισμένης | τειχίζω | VERB | V-RPP-ASF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute participle; syntax somewhat compressed, likely with Σπάρτης as genitive subject. |
| 23 | ἰσχυροῖς | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 σταυροῖς | amod | high | Modifies σταυροῖς. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 τετειχισμένης | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 25 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Art | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 27 ἐπιμαχώτατα | det | high | Article. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Pcl | _ | 27 ἐπιμαχώτατα | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 27 | ἐπιμαχώτατα | ἐπιμάχοτατος | ADJ | A-ASN-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 οἰκοδομήμασιν | amod | medium | Substantivized adjective; case/number inferred from article τὰ. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Coord | _ | 29 οἰκοδομήμασιν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 29 | οἰκοδομήμασιν | οἰκοδόμημα | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 τετειχισμένης | obl | high | Dative of means/instrument coordinated with preceding dative phrase. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εὐτρεπίζοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |