Grammar parses for passage 1.13.8
Open translation for this passage
μαχομένων δὲ πρὸς ἱεροῖς ἤδη καὶ οἰκίαις καὶ κατὰ τοὺς στενωποὺς καὶ κατʼ ἄλλο ἄλλων τῆς πόλεως, ἐνταῦθα ὁ Πύρρος ἐμονώθη καὶ τιτρώσκεται τὴν κεφαλήν.
The opening is a genitive absolute; κατὰ ἄλλο ἄλλων τῆς πόλεως is elliptical and syntactically difficult, so its internal attachment is necessarily tentative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μαχομένων | μάχομαι | VERB | V-PPA-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 22 ἐμονώθη | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with δέ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 μαχομένων | cc | high | |
| 3 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 ἱεροῖς | case | high | |
| 4 | ἱεροῖς | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 μαχομένων | obl | medium | Dative with πρός in the locative sense, ‘at the sanctuaries’. |
| 5 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 μαχομένων | advmod | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 οἰκίαις | cc | high | |
| 7 | οἰκίαις | οἰκία | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 μαχομένων | obl | high | Coordinated locative dative. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 στενωποὺς | cc | high | |
| 9 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 στενωποὺς | case | high | |
| 10 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 στενωποὺς | det | high | |
| 11 | στενωποὺς | στενωπός | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 μαχομένων | obl | high | With κατά, ‘through the narrow streets’. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἄλλο | cc | high | |
| 13 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 ἄλλο | case | high | |
| 14 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 μαχομένων | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter accusative/nominal expression is textually awkward; parsed as an adverbial ‘in one place after another’ expression. |
| 15 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἄλλο | nmod | low | Agreement and construction are difficult; likely elliptical genitive dependent on ἄλλο, with contextual sense ‘of different [parts/groups]’. |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 πόλεως | det | high | |
| 17 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἄλλων | nmod | medium | Genitive specifying the city; attachment within the elliptical phrase is uncertain. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐμονώθη | punct | high | |
| 19 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 22 ἐμονώθη | advmod | high | Scene-setting adverb. |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Πύρρος | det | high | |
| 21 | Πύρρος | Πύρρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐμονώθη | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | ἐμονώθη | μονόω | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated finite predicate. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 τιτρώσκεται | cc | high | |
| 24 | τιτρώσκεται | τιτρώσκω | VERB | V-PEM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 22 ἐμονώθη | conj | high | Coordinated present-tense predicate; middle/passive form has active intransitive sense ‘is wounded’. |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 κεφαλήν | det | high | |
| 26 | κεφαλήν | κεφαλή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 τιτρώσκεται | obj | high | Accusative of part affected / respect: ‘in the head’ or ‘on the head’. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐμονώθη | punct | high |
κεράμῳ δὲ βληθέντα ὑπὸ γυναικὸς τεθνάναι φασὶ Πύρρον·
Reported speech: φασὶ governs the accusative-and-infinitive construction Πύρρον τεθνάναι; βληθέντα is a participial modifier of Πύρρον, with ὑπὸ γυναικός marking its agent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεράμῳ | κέραμος | NOUN | No.Dat.Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 βληθέντα | obl | high | Dative of instrument/material: struck with a roof tile. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 φασὶ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | βληθέντα | βάλλω | VERB | V-APP-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 8 Πύρρον | acl | high | Aorist passive participle agreeing with Πύρρον. |
| 4 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 γυναικὸς | case | high | Agent preposition governing the genitive. |
| 5 | γυναικὸς | γυνή | NOUN | Nod.Gen.Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 βληθέντα | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive participle. |
| 6 | τεθνάναι | θνῄσκω | VERB | V-RAN---- | Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 φασὶ | xcomp | high | Perfect active infinitive in the reported statement. |
| 7 | φασὶ | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Reporting verb governing the infinitive. |
| 8 | Πύρρον | Πύρρος | PROPN | Npasm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 τεθνάναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive τεθνάναι. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 φασὶ | punct | high |
Ἀργεῖοι δὲ οὐ γυναῖκα τὴν ἀποκτείνασαν, Δήμητρα δέ φασιν εἶναι γυναικὶ εἰκασμένην.
The sentence coordinates two reported claims under φασιν: the first is elliptical around γυναῖκα τὴν ἀποκτείνασαν, while the second has Δήμητρα as accusative subject of εἶναι and εἰκασμένην as its participial predicate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | Nb-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 φασιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 φασιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 10 φασιν | advmod | high | |
| 4 | γυναῖκα | γυνή | NOUN | Nb-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀποκτείνασαν | obj | medium | Accusative object of ἀποκτείνασαν, within the coordinated/elliptical predicate. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Pd-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀποκτείνασαν | det | high | |
| 6 | ἀποκτείνασαν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | VPAAPA-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 φασιν | xcomp | medium | Substantival/elliptical accusative participial phrase, ‘the woman who killed’; exact attachment is syntactically compressed. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 φασιν | punct | high | |
| 8 | Δήμητρα | Δήμητρα | PROPN | Nb-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 φασιν | ccomp | medium | Accusative predicate complement in the reported assertion with φασιν εἶναι. |
| 9 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 φασιν | cc | high | Contrasts the second assertion with the first. |
| 10 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V3PPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 φασιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive of reported speech; its accusative subject is Δήμητρα. |
| 12 | γυναικὶ | γυνή | NOUN | Nb-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εἰκασμένην | obl | medium | Dative of comparison/reference with εἰκασμένην, ‘likened to a woman’. |
| 13 | εἰκασμένην | εἰκάζω | VERB | VPRPFSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 11 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Perfect passive participle predicated of Δήμητρα within the εἶναι infinitive. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 φασιν | punct | high |
ταῦτα ἐς τὴν Πύρρου τελευτὴν αὐτοὶ λέγουσιν Ἀργεῖοι καὶ ὁ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων ἐξηγητὴς Λυκέας ἐν ἔπεσιν εἴρηκε·
Main clause has ταῦτα as the object of λέγουσιν, with Ἀργεῖοι as its subject; αὐτοί is emphatic. Λυκέας is nominative apposition to ὁ ... ἐξηγητής and εἴρηκε coordinates a second reported assertion, with ἔπεσιν instrumental or dative of means. The phrase ἐς τὴν Πύρρου τελευτήν specifies the topic/time span of ταῦτα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD---NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 7 λέγουσιν | obj | high | |
| 2 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 5 τελευτὴν | case | high | |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 τελευτὴν | det | high | |
| 4 | Πύρρου | Πύρρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 τελευτὴν | nmod:poss | high | |
| 5 | τελευτὴν | τελευτή | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 λέγουσιν | obl | medium | Topic or temporal-limit accusative with ἐς. |
| 6 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P-NMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 7 λέγουσιν | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject pronoun, referring to the Argives. |
| 7 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 λέγουσιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 εἴρηκε | cc | high | Coordinates the second reporting predicate. |
| 10 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ἐξηγητὴς | det | high | |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 ἐπιχωρίων | det | high | |
| 12 | ἐπιχωρίων | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐξηγητὴς | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective: local inhabitants. |
| 13 | ἐξηγητὴς | ἐξηγητής | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 εἴρηκε | nsubj | medium | Second subject, coordinated semantically with Ἀργεῖοι; article phrase is attributive. |
| 14 | Λυκέας | Λυκέας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐξηγητὴς | appos | high | |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 16 ἔπεσιν | case | high | |
| 16 | ἔπεσιν | ἔπος | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 εἴρηκε | obl | high | Dative of means or medium: in verse. |
| 17 | εἴρηκε | ἐρῶ | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 7 λέγουσιν | conj | medium | Perfect of λέγω/ἐρῶ, coordinated with λέγουσιν; subject is ὁ ... ἐξηγητής Λυκέας. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
καί σφισιν ἔστι τοῦ θεοῦ χρήσαντος, ἔνθα ὁ Πύρρος ἐτελεύτησεν, ἱερὸν Δήμητρος·
The sentence has an existential/copular ἔστι with dative σφισιν and a genitive absolute θεοῦ χρήσαντος; ἱερόν Δήμητρος is the extraposed/late subject or nominal predicate, while ἔνθα introduces the relative adverbial clause locating the sanctuary where Pyrrhus died.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ἔστι | cc | high | |
| 2 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | p-s---md- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 ἔστι | iobj | high | Dative of possession or reference with ἔστι. |
| 3 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 θεοῦ | det | high | |
| 5 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 χρήσαντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 6 | χρήσαντος | χράω | VERB | v-sapmng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ἔστι | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute; θεοῦ χρήσαντος means approximately 'when the god had given the oracle'. Lemma and voice reflect χρήω/χράω usage. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 χρήσαντος | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | d-------- | PronType=Rel | 11 ἐτελεύτησεν | advmod | high | Relative locative adverb, 'where'. |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Πύρρος | det | high | |
| 10 | Πύρρος | Πύρρος | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐτελεύτησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | ἐτελεύτησεν | τελευτάω | VERB | v3saaia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 ἱερὸν | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative locative clause modifying ἱερόν. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐτελεύτησεν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἔστι | nsubj | medium | Neuter noun functioning as the delayed subject of εἰμί; a nominal-predicate analysis is also possible. |
| 14 | Δήμητρος | Δημήτηρ | PROPN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive of dedication/association, 'of Demeter'. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἔστι | punct | high |