Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 1.13.9

← 1.13.8 1.14.1 →

Passage 1.13.9

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

111Greek tokens

2,823input tokens

8,216output tokens

Sentence 2

1.13.9 sentence 2

Tokens: 57
Input: 1,150
Output: 3,947
Total: 5,097

θαῦμα δὴ ποιοῦμαι τῶν καλουμένων Αἰακιδῶν τρισὶ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ συμβῆναι τὴν τελευτήν, εἴ γε Ἀχιλλέα μὲν Ὅμηρος ὑπὸ Ἀλεξάνδρου φησὶ τοῦ Πριάμου καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος ἀπολέσθαι, Πύρρον δὲ τὸν Ἀχιλλέως ἡ Πυθία προσέταξεν ἀποκτεῖναι Δελφοῖς, τῷ δὲ Αἰακίδου συνέβη τὰ ἐς τὴν τελευτὴν οἷα Ἀργεῖοί τε λέγουσι καὶ Λυκέας ἐποίησε.

Main construction: θαῦμα ποιοῦμαι governs an accusative-and-infinitive clause (τρισὶ ... συμβῆναι τὴν τελευτήν); εἴ γε introduces supporting examples, with a coordinated second example and a final relative-like οἷα clause. The identity of the third Aeacid is left implicit in τῷ ... Αἰακίδου.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	θαῦμα	θαῦμα	NOUN	n-s---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	3 ποιοῦμαι	obj	high
2	δὴ	δή	PART	d--------	_	3 ποιοῦμαι	discourse	high
3	ποιοῦμαι	ποιέω	VERB	v1spim---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
4	τῶν	ὁ	DET	r--------	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 Αἰακιδῶν	det	high
5	καλουμένων	καλέω	VERB	v1pppgm-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	6 Αἰακιδῶν	acl	high
6	Αἰακιδῶν	Αἰακίδης	PROPN	n-s---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 θαῦμα	nmod	high
7	τρισὶ	τρεῖς	NUM	a-p---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 συμβῆναι	obl	medium	Dative of reference/association: ‘for three of the Aeacids’.
8	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	r--------	_	10 αὐτὰ	case	high
9	τὰ	ὁ	DET	r--------	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	10 αὐτὰ	det	high
10	αὐτὰ	αὐτός	ADJ	a-p---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	14 συμβῆναι	obl	high	Substantivized phrase with κατά: ‘in the same way’.
11	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	r--------	_	13 θεοῦ	case	high
12	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	r--------	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 θεοῦ	det	high
13	θεοῦ	θεός	NOUN	n-s---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 συμβῆναι	obl	high
14	συμβῆναι	συμβαίνω	VERB	v2aan----	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	3 ποιοῦμαι	xcomp	high	Infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction.
15	τὴν	ὁ	DET	r--------	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 τελευτήν	det	high
16	τελευτήν	τελευτή	NOUN	n-s---fa-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 συμβῆναι	obj	high	Accusative subject of συμβῆναι.
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 συμβῆναι	punct	high
18	εἴ	εἰ	SCONJ	c--------	_	25 φησὶ	mark	high
19	γε	γε	PART	d--------	_	18 εἴ	advmod	high	Emphatic particle.
20	Ἀχιλλέα	Ἀχιλλεύς	PROPN	n-s---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 φησὶ	obj	high	Accusative subject of ἀπολέσθαι.
21	μὲν	μέν	PART	d--------	_	25 φησὶ	cc	high	Correlative μέν with δέ at token 33.
22	Ὅμηρος	Ὅμηρος	PROPN	n-s---mn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 φησὶ	nsubj	high
23	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	r--------	_	24 Ἀλεξάνδρου	case	high
24	Ἀλεξάνδρου	Ἀλέξανδρος	PROPN	n-s---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	30 ἀπολέσθαι	obl:agent	high
25	φησὶ	φημί	VERB	v9spia---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	3 ποιοῦμαι	advcl	high	Verb of saying governing the following infinitive.
26	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	r--------	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	27 Πριάμου	det	high
27	Πριάμου	Πρίαμος	PROPN	n-s---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 Ἀλεξάνδρου	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on Ἀλεξάνδρου.
28	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	c--------	_	29 Ἀπόλλωνος	cc	high
29	Ἀπόλλωνος	Ἀπόλλων	PROPN	n-s---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	30 ἀπολέσθαι	obl:agent	high	Coordinated with Ἀλεξάνδρου under ὑπό.
30	ἀπολέσθαι	ἀπόλλυμι	VERB	v2anm----	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	25 φησὶ	ccomp	high	Infinitive governed by φησί.
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	30 ἀπολέσθαι	punct	high
32	Πύρρον	Πύρρος	PROPN	n-s---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	39 ἀποκτεῖναι	obj	high	Accusative subject of ἀποκτεῖναι.
33	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	d--------	_	38 προσέταξεν	cc	high	Correlative δέ with μέν at token 21.
34	τὸν	ὁ	DET	r--------	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	35 Ἀχιλλέως	det	high
35	Ἀχιλλέως	Ἀχιλλεύς	PROPN	n-s---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 Πύρρον	nmod	high
36	ἡ	ὁ	DET	r--------	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	37 Πυθία	det	high
37	Πυθία	Πυθία	PROPN	n-s---fn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	38 προσέταξεν	nsubj	high
38	προσέταξεν	προστάσσω	VERB	v1saia---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	3 ποιοῦμαι	conj	high	Coordinated with φησί; governs an infinitive.
39	ἀποκτεῖναι	ἀποκτείνω	VERB	v1aan----	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	38 προσέταξεν	xcomp	high
40	Δελφοῖς	Δελφοί	PROPN	n-p---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	38 προσέταξεν	iobj	high	Dative recipient: ordered the Delphians.
41	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	38 προσέταξεν	punct	high
42	τῷ	ὁ	DET	r--------	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	44 Αἰακίδου	det	high	Substantivizing article with Αἰακίδου.
43	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	d--------	_	45 συνέβη	cc	medium	Connective particle introducing the third example.
44	Αἰακίδου	Αἰακίδης	PROPN	n-s---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	45 συνέβη	iobj	medium	Dative with συνέβη; the person's identity is implicit.
45	συνέβη	συμβαίνω	VERB	v2saia---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	3 ποιοῦμαι	conj	high
46	τὰ	ὁ	DET	r--------	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	49 τελευτὴν	det	high
47	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	r--------	_	49 τελευτὴν	case	high
48	τὴν	ὁ	DET	r--------	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	49 τελευτὴν	det	high
49	τελευτὴν	τελευτή	NOUN	n-s---fa-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	45 συνέβη	obj	high	With τὰ, substantive phrase ‘the matters concerning the death’.
50	οἷα	οἷος	ADJ	a-p---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	49 τελευτὴν	acl:relcl	medium	Relative-like comparative adjective introducing the content described by following clauses.
51	Ἀργεῖοί	Ἀργεῖος	ADJ	a-p---mn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	53 λέγουσι	nsubj	high	Substantivized ethnic adjective.
52	τε	τε	CCONJ	c--------	_	53 λέγουσι	cc	high
53	λέγουσι	λέγω	VERB	v1ppia---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	50 οἷα	conj	high
54	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	c--------	_	56 ἐποίησε	cc	high
55	Λυκέας	Λυκέας	PROPN	n-s---mn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	56 ἐποίησε	nsubj	high
56	ἐποίησε	ποιέω	VERB	v1saia---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	50 οἷα	conj	high	Coordinated predicate with λέγουσι; object/content is implicit.
57	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	45 συνέβη	punct	high

Sentence 3

1.13.9 sentence 3

Tokens: 22
Input: 780
Output: 1,780
Total: 2,560

διάφορα δὲ ὅμως ἐστὶ καὶ ταῦτα ὧν Ἱερώνυμος ὁ Καρδιανὸς ἔγραψεν· ἀνδρὶ γὰρ βασιλεῖ συνόντα ἀνάγκη πᾶσα ἐς χάριν συγγράφειν.

Two coordinated clauses are analyzed: διάφορα ... ταῦτα is the nominal predicate of ἐστὶ, while ὧν introduces a genitive-relative clause with Ἱερώνυμος as subject. In the following gnomic clause, συνόντα is an accusative neuter plural participle agreeing with ταῦτα and governing the ethical dative ἀνδρὶ βασιλεῖ; ἀνάγκη πᾶσα is the predicate expression with an understood infinitival subject, συγγράφειν.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	διάφορα	διάφορος	ADJ	A--NP---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	4 ἐστὶ	nsubj	high	Neuter plural nominal adjective, predicative/subject-like with ἐστὶ.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	4 ἐστὶ	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ὅμως	ὅμως	ADV	D--------	_	4 ἐστὶ	advmod	high	Adverbial concessive modifier.
4	ἐστὶ	εἰμί	AUX	V3SPIA---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Copular finite verb.
5	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	6 ταῦτα	cc	high	Coordinates ταῦτα with the preceding predicate.
6	ταῦτα	οὗτος	PRON	PD-NP---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	4 ἐστὶ	nsubj	high	Demonstrative neuter plural, coordinated nominal subject/predicate.
7	ὧν	ὅς	PRON	PR-GP---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	11 ἔγραψεν	obj	medium	Genitive relative pronoun; likely object of ἔγραψεν, referring to ταῦτα.
8	Ἱερώνυμος	Ἱερώνυμος	PROPN	NPMS---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἔγραψεν	nsubj	high	Personal name, subject of ἔγραψεν.
9	ὁ	ὁ	DET	D----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 Καρδιανὸς	det	high	Article with Καρδιανὸς.
10	Καρδιανὸς	Καρδιανός	PROPN	NPMS---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 Ἱερώνυμος	appos	high	Ethnic/name apposition to Ἱερώνυμος.
11	ἔγραψεν	γράφω	VERB	V3SAAI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	4 ἐστὶ	acl:relcl	high	Aorist verb of the relative clause.
12	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	4 ἐστὶ	punct	high	Middle dot punctuation.
13	ἀνδρὶ	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N--DSM---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 συνόντα	iobj	medium	Ethical/associative dative with συνόντα; possibly dative complement.
14	γὰρ	γάρ	SCONJ	C--------	_	17 ἀνάγκη	mark	high	Postpositive explanatory conjunction.
15	βασιλεῖ	βασιλεύς	NOUN	N--DSM---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ἀνδρὶ	appos	high	Apposition to ἀνδρὶ.
16	συνόντα	σύνειμι	VERB	V-PAPNPM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	21 συγγράφειν	advcl	medium	Accusative neuter plural present participle, agreeing with ταῦτα; temporal/conditional subordinate participle.
17	ἀνάγκη	ἀνάγκη	NOUN	N--NSF---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 συγγράφειν	obl	medium	Lexicalized necessity expression ἀνάγκη πᾶσα with infinitival complement.
18	πᾶσα	πᾶς	ADJ	A--NSF---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ἀνάγκη	amod	high	Adjective modifying ἀνάγκη.
19	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	20 χάριν	case	high	Preposition governing χάριν.
20	χάριν	χάρις	NOUN	N--ASF---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 συγγράφειν	obl	high	Prepositional phrase ἐς χάριν, purpose/benefit.
21	συγγράφειν	συγγράφω	VERB	V-PNA----	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	4 ἐστὶ	parataxis	medium	Infinitive expressing the necessity proposition; structurally coordinated/loosely paratactic after the first clause.
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	4 ἐστὶ	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 4

1.13.9 sentence 4

Tokens: 32
Input: 893
Output: 2,489
Total: 3,382

εἰ δὲ καὶ Φίλιστος αἰτίαν δικαίαν εἴληφεν, ἐπελπίζων τὴν ἐν Συρακούσαις κάθοδον, ἀποκρύψασθαι τῶν Διονυσίου τὰ ἀνοσιώτατα, ἦ που πολλή γε Ἱερωνύμῳ συγγνώμη τὰ ἐς ἡδονὴν Ἀντιγόνου γράφειν.

Conditional concessive protasis: Φίλιστος is subject of εἴληφεν, with αἰτίαν δικαίαν as object; ἐπελπίζων and ἀποκρύψασθαι form a supplementary/participial construction. Main clause is an elliptical evaluative statement: πολλή συγγνώμη Ἱερωνύμῳ [ἐστίν] τὰ ... γράφειν, with ἦ που and γε as particles. The exact attachment of the infinitives and τὰ ἀνοσιώτατα is somewhat interpretive.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	εἰ	εἰ	SCONJ	CONJ	_	7 εἴληφεν	mark	high	Introduces conditional protasis.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	7 εἴληφεν	cc	high	Postpositive connective particle.
3	καὶ	καί	ADV	ADV	_	4 Φίλιστος	advmod	high	Adverbial additive particle, 'also/even'.
4	Φίλιστος	Φίλιστος	PROPN	N-S--M-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 εἴληφεν	nsubj	high	Proper-name subject of εἴληφεν.
5	αἰτίαν	αἰτία	NOUN	N-S--F-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 εἴληφεν	obj	high	Object of εἴληφεν.
6	δικαίαν	δίκαιος	ADJ	A-S--AFN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 αἰτίαν	amod	high	Agrees with αἰτίαν.
7	εἴληφεν	λαμβάνω	VERB	V-RAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Finite verb of conditional protasis; main clause is nominal/elliptical.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7 εἴληφεν	punct	high
9	ἐπελπίζων	ἐπελπίζω	VERB	V-PAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	7 εἴληφεν	advcl	medium	Circumstantial participle agreeing with Φίλιστος.
10	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-S---FA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 κάθοδον	det	high	Article with κάθοδον.
11	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	P----DS-	Case=Dat	12 Συρακούσαις	case	high	Preposition governing Συρακούσαις.
12	Συρακούσαις	Συράκουσαι	PROPN	N-P--DF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	13 κάθοδον	nmod	high	Dat. locative complement of ἐν.
13	κάθοδον	κάθοδος	NOUN	N-S--FA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 ἐπελπίζων	obj	high	Object of ἐπελπίζων.
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	9 ἐπελπίζων	punct	high
15	ἀποκρύψασθαι	ἀποκρύπτω	VERB	V-2AMN----	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	9 ἐπελπίζων	xcomp	medium	Infinitive dependent on ἐπελπίζων, with understood subject Φίλιστος.
16	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-P---NG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	19 ἀνοσιώτατα	det	high	Article with substantivized superlative.
17	Διονυσίου	Διονύσιος	PROPN	N-S--MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 ἀνοσιώτατα	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on τὰ ἀνοσιώτατα.
18	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-P---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	19 ἀνοσιώτατα	det	high	Article substantivizing ἀνοσιώτατα.
19	ἀνοσιώτατα	ἀνόσιος	ADJ	A-P---NA-	Case=Acc\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 ἀποκρύψασθαι	obj	medium	Substantivized superlative, object of ἀποκρύψασθαι; possible broader attachment with the nominal writing phrase.
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	15 ἀποκρύψασθαι	punct	high
21	ἦ	ἦ	PART	_	_	26 συγγνώμη	advmod	medium	Interrogative/assertive particle in the evaluative main clause.
22	που	που	PART	_	_	26 συγγνώμη	advmod	high	Indefinite/approximative particle.
23	πολλή	πολύς	ADJ	A-S---FN-	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	26 συγγνώμη	amod	high	Predicate adjective agreeing with συγγνώμη.
24	γε	γε	PART	_	_	23 πολλή	advmod	high	Emphatic particle.
25	Ἱερωνύμῳ	Ἱερώνυμος	PROPN	N-S--MDM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	26 συγγνώμη	iobj	high	Dative of the person receiving συγγνώμη.
26	συγγνώμη	συγγνώμη	NOUN	N-S--FN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	0 ROOT	parataxis	medium	Nominal main-clause predicate/subject with omitted ἐστίν; linked paratactically to the conditional.
27	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-P---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	29 ἡδονὴν	det	high	Article with ἡδονήν.
28	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P----AS-	Case=Acc	29 ἡδονὴν	case	high	Preposition governing ἡδονήν.
29	ἡδονὴν	ἡδονή	NOUN	N-S--FA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	31 γράφειν	obl	high	Prepositional complement modifying γράφειν, 'for the pleasure'.
30	Ἀντιγόνου	Ἀντίγονος	PROPN	N-S--MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 ἡδονὴν	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἡδονήν.
31	γράφειν	γράφω	VERB	V-PAN----	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	26 συγγνώμη	csubj	medium	Infinitival subject/content of συγγνώμη: 'to write ... is pardonable'; exact attachment of τὰ is interpretive.
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	26 συγγνώμη	punct	high

← 1.13.8 1.14.1 →