Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 1.14.2

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Passage 1.14.2

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3sentences parsed

73Greek tokens

2,463input tokens

5,479output tokens

Sentence 1

1.14.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 24
Input: 816
Output: 1,816
Total: 2,632

Ἑλλήνων οἱ μάλιστα ἀμφισβητοῦντες Ἀθηναίοις ἐς ἀρχαιότητα καὶ δῶρα, ἃ παρὰ θεῶν φασὶν ἔχειν, εἰσὶν Ἀργεῖοι, καθάπερ βαρβάρων Φρυξὶν Αἰγύπτιοι.

The participial phrase οἱ ... ἀμφισβητοῦντες is the subject of εἰσὶν, with Ἀργεῖοι as predicate nominative; ἃ introduces a relative clause modifying δῶρα, and καθάπερ introduces the comparison with Egyptians among barbarians.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Ἑλλήνων	Ἕλλην	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ἀμφισβητοῦντες	nmod	high	Partitive/genitive: 'of the Greeks'.
2	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ἀμφισβητοῦντες	det	high	Article substantivizing the participle.
3	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	D	_	4 ἀμφισβητοῦντες	advmod	high	Superlative adverb modifying ἀμφισβητοῦντες.
4	ἀμφισβητοῦντες	ἀμφισβητέω	VERB	V-PAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	17 εἰσὶν	nsubj	high	Substantivized present participle, subject of εἰσὶν.
5	Ἀθηναίοις	Ἀθηναῖος	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ἀμφισβητοῦντες	obl	high	Dative complement of ἀμφισβητοῦντες.
6	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	7 ἀρχαιότητα	case	high	Preposition governing ἀρχαιότητα.
7	ἀρχαιότητα	ἀρχαιότης	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 ἀμφισβητοῦντες	obl	high	Prepositional complement expressing the matter of dispute.
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	9 δῶρα	cc	high	Coordinates δῶρα with ἀρχαιότητα.
9	δῶρα	δῶρον	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	4 ἀμφισβητοῦντες	obl	high	Second accusative/prepositional object of the dispute.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	9 δῶρα	punct	high
11	ἃ	ὅς	PRON	P-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 ἔχειν	obj	high	Relative pronoun, antecedent δῶρα.
12	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	P	_	13 θεῶν	case	high	Preposition governing θεῶν.
13	θεῶν	θεός	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ἔχειν	obl	high	Source complement with παρά.
14	φασὶν	φημί	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	15 ἔχειν	ccomp	high	Finite verb governing the infinitive; subject is implicit.
15	ἔχειν	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	11 ἃ	acl:relcl	high	Infinitive in indirect statement after φασὶν; ἃ is its object.
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	15 ἔχειν	punct	high
17	εἰσὶν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin	0 ROOT	root	high	Copular root.
18	Ἀργεῖοι	Ἀργεῖος	PROPN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 εἰσὶν	xcomp	high	Predicate nominative.
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	17 εἰσὶν	punct	high
20	καθάπερ	καθάπερ	SCONJ	C	_	23 Αἰγύπτιοι	mark	medium	Comparative conjunction introducing the verbless comparison.
21	βαρβάρων	βάρβαρος	ADJ	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	23 Αἰγύπτιοι	nmod	medium	Substantivized adjective, 'of the barbarians'.
22	Φρυξὶν	Φρύξ	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	23 Αἰγύπτιοι	obl	medium	Dative of comparison/reference, parallel to Ἀθηναίοις.
23	Αἰγύπτιοι	Αἰγύπτιος	PROPN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 εἰσὶν	parataxis	medium	Elliptical comparative predicate: Egyptians are to Phrygians as Argives are to Athenians.
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	17 εἰσὶν	punct	high

Sentence 3

1.14.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 29
Input: 872
Output: 2,064
Total: 2,936

ὕστερον δὲ Τροχίλον ἱεροφάντην φυγόντα ἐξ Ἄργους κατὰ ἔχθος Ἀγήνορος ἐλθεῖν φασιν ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν καὶ γυναῖκά τε ἐξ Ἐλευσῖνος γῆμαι καὶ γενέσθαι οἱ παῖδας Εὐβουλέα καὶ Τριπτόλεμον.

Infinitival indirect discourse depends on φασιν: Τροχίλον is the accusative subject of the coordinated infinitives ἐλθεῖν, γῆμαι, γενέσθαι; φυγόντα is an accusative participle agreeing with Τροχίλον. The final οἱ is dative of possession/reference with γενέσθαι.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὕστερον	ὕστερος	ADV	Adverbial accusative	Degree=Pos	12 φασιν	advmod	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Conj	_	12 φασιν	cc	high
3	Τροχίλον	Τροχίλος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἐλθεῖν	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of indirect-discourse infinitives.
4	ἱεροφάντην	ἱεροφάντης	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 Τροχίλον	appos	high	Apposition to Τροχίλον.
5	φυγόντα	φεύγω	VERB	VAAP-SAM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	3 Τροχίλον	acl	high
6	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	P	_	7 Ἄργους	case	high
7	Ἄργους	Ἄργος	PROPN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 φυγόντα	obl	high
8	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	P	_	9 ἔχθος	case	high	With accusative ἔχθος.
9	ἔχθος	ἔχθος	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 φυγόντα	obl	medium	Accusative of hostile circumstance/cause with κατά.
10	Ἀγήνορος	Ἀγήνωρ	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 ἔχθος	nmod	high
11	ἐλθεῖν	ἔρχομαι	VERB	VAAN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	12 φασιν	ccomp	high	First infinitive in indirect discourse.
12	φασιν	φημί	VERB	VPAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
13	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	15 Ἀττικὴν	case	high
14	τὴν	ὁ	DET	RA-AS-F	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	15 Ἀττικὴν	det	high
15	Ἀττικὴν	Ἀττική	PROPN	A-AS-F	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ἐλθεῖν	obl	high	Destination of ἐλθεῖν.
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	21 γῆμαι	cc	high	Coordinates γῆμαι with ἐλθεῖν.
17	γυναῖκά	γυνή	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 γῆμαι	obj	high	Object of γῆμαι.
18	τε	τε	CCONJ	Conj	_	17 γυναῖκά	cc	high	Correlative τε with later καί.
19	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	P	_	20 Ἐλευσῖνος	case	high
20	Ἐλευσῖνος	Ἐλευσίς	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 γυναῖκά	nmod	high	Origin/descent modifier of γυναῖκα.
21	γῆμαι	γαμέω	VERB	V-2AAN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	11 ἐλθεῖν	conj	high	Coordinated infinitive.
22	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	23 γενέσθαι	cc	high	Coordinates γενέσθαι with preceding infinitival predicate.
23	γενέσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-2AAN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	11 ἐλθεῖν	conj	high	Coordinated infinitive; οἱ is dative of possession/reference.
24	οἱ	οἱ	PRON	RP-DM3S	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	23 γενέσθαι	iobj	medium	Dative of possession/reference; form is homographic with article.
25	παῖδας	παῖς	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	23 γενέσθαι	obj	high	Predicate/object accusative with γενέσθαι.
26	Εὐβουλέα	Εὐβουλεύς	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 παῖδας	appos	high	Apposition/name specification for παῖδας.
27	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	28 Τριπτόλεμον	cc	high
28	Τριπτόλεμον	Τριπτόλεμος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 παῖδας	conj	high	Second coordinated name in apposition to παῖδας.
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	12 φασιν	punct	high

Sentence 4

1.14.2 sentence 4

Tokens: 20
Input: 775
Output: 1,599
Total: 2,374

ὅδε μὲν Ἀργείων ἐστὶ λόγος Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ καὶ ὅσοι παρὰ τούτοις ἴσασι Τριπτόλεμον τὸν Κελεοῦ πρῶτον σπεῖραι καρπὸν ἥμερον.

Two coordinated clauses: ὅδε λόγος ἐστὶ Ἀργείων is followed by an asyndetically juxtaposed Athenian account with ἴσασι governing an accusative-plus-infinitive construction. πρῶτον modifies σπεῖραι; ἥμερον modifies καρπόν. The form ἴσασι is perfect with present meaning.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὅδε	ὅδε	PRON	PD--NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	5 λόγος	nsubj	high
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	X--------	_	5 λόγος	discourse	high	Correlative particle; the expected δέ follows in the next clause.
3	Ἀργείων	Ἀργεῖος	PROPN	A-----GP-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 λόγος	nmod	high	Substantival ethnic adjective, ‘of the Argives’.
4	ἐστὶ	εἰμί	AUX	VSPAI3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	5 λόγος	cop	high
5	λόγος	λόγος	NOUN	N-----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	0 ROOT	root	high	Predicate nominal of ἐστὶ.
6	Ἀθηναῖοι	Ἀθηναῖος	PROPN	A-----NP-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 ἴσασι	nsubj	high	Substantival ethnic adjective, subject of ἴσασι.
7	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	12 ἴσασι	cc	high	Coordinates the second clause with the first.
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	9 ὅσοι	cc	high	Coordinates ὅσοι with Ἀθηναῖοι.
9	ὅσοι	ὅσος	PRON	PX--NPMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	12 ἴσασι	nsubj	medium	Relative/free-relative plural subject coordinated with Ἀθηναῖοι.
10	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	R--------	_	11 τούτοις	case	high	Takes the dative here, ‘among/with’.
11	τούτοις	οὗτος	PRON	PD---DPM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	9 ὅσοι	obl	high	Dative governed by παρά.
12	ἴσασι	οἶδα	VERB	VRAAI3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Perfect-form verb with present meaning, ‘know’; second coordinated clause is treated as a root.
13	Τριπτόλεμον	Τριπτόλεμος	PROPN	N----ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 σπεῖραι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive in accusative-plus-infinitive construction.
14	τὸν	ὁ	DET	L----ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	15 Κελεοῦ	det	high
15	Κελεοῦ	Κελεός	PROPN	N----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 Τριπτόλεμον	nmod	high	Patronymic/genitival modifier, ‘son of Celeus’.
16	πρῶτον	πρῶτος	ADV	A-----ASM-	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 σπεῖραι	advmod	medium	Accusative neuter/adverbial form conventionally functioning as ‘first’; morphology is formally ambiguous.
17	σπεῖραι	σπείρω	VERB	V--ANA---	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	12 ἴσασι	xcomp	high	Infinitive complement of ἴσασι.
18	καρπὸν	καρπός	NOUN	N----ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 σπεῖραι	obj	high
19	ἥμερον	ἥμερος	ADJ	A----ASM-	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 καρπὸν	amod	high
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	12 ἴσασι	punct	high

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