Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 1.14.4

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Passage 1.14.4

Open translation for this passage

4sentences parsed

100Greek tokens

3,279input tokens

7,607output tokens

Sentence 1

1.14.4 sentence 1

Tokens: 26
Input: 802
Output: 1,851
Total: 2,653

πρὸ τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦδε, ἔνθα καὶ τοῦ Τριπτολέμου τὸ ἄγαλμα, ἔστι βοῦς χαλκοῦς οἷα ἐς θυσίαν ἀγόμενος, πεποίηται δὲ καθήμενος Ἐπιμενίδης Κνώσσιος.

Existential ἔστι governs the temple/Triptolemus statue context and the ox description; πεποίηται is coordinated with δέ and introduces the depicted seated Epimenides, while the agreement and attachment of οἷα/ἀγόμενος are somewhat elliptical.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	πρὸ	πρό	ADP	PREP	_	3 ναοῦ	case	high
2	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 ναοῦ	det	high
3	ναοῦ	ναός	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ἔστι	obl	high
4	τοῦδε	ὅδε	DET	D-GSM	Case=Gen\|Deixis=Prox\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 ναοῦ	det	high
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	3 ναοῦ	punct	high
6	ἔνθα	ἔνθα	ADV	ADV	PronType=Rel	11 ἄγαλμα	advmod	medium	Relative adverb introducing a locative relative clause.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	11 ἄγαλμα	cc	medium	Coordinates the relative-clause constituent with the preceding temple reference.
8	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 Τριπτολέμου	det	high
9	Τριπτολέμου	Τριπτόλεμος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἄγαλμα	nmod	high
10	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 ἄγαλμα	det	high
11	ἄγαλμα	ἄγαλμα	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 ἔστι	nsubj	high
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἄγαλμα	punct	high
13	ἔστι	εἰμί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
14	βοῦς	βοῦς	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 ἔστι	nsubj	high	Predicate nominal subject of existential εἰμί.
15	χαλκοῦς	χαλκοῦς	ADJ	A-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 βοῦς	amod	high
16	οἷα	οἷος	ADJ	A-NSA	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	19 ἀγόμενος	advmod	low	Neuter plural form used idiomatically/elliptically with a comparison-like sense; exact construction is uncertain.
17	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	18 θυσίαν	case	high
18	θυσίαν	θυσία	NOUN	N-ASA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 ἀγόμενος	obl	high
19	ἀγόμενος	ἄγω	VERB	V-PMP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	14 βοῦς	acl	high	Participial description of the ox; masculine agreement reflects implied/elliptical βοῦς as a male animal.
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἀγόμενος	punct	high
21	πεποίηται	ποιέω	VERB	V-RMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	conj	high	Second coordinated verbal predicate, with understood subject ἄγαλμα.
22	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	21 πεποίηται	cc	high
23	καθήμενος	κάθημαι	VERB	V-PMP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	21 πεποίηται	xcomp	medium	Predicative participle describing the understood/implicit subject of πεποίηται, likely Epimenides.
24	Ἐπιμενίδης	Ἐπιμενίδης	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 πεποίηται	nsubj	medium	Subject of πεποίηται; the participle καθήμενος supplies the depicted posture.
25	Κνώσσιος	Κνώσσιος	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 Ἐπιμενίδης	amod	high	Ethnic/adjectival apposition to Ἐπιμενίδης.
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἔστι	punct	high

Sentence 2

1.14.4 sentence 2

Tokens: 25
Input: 841
Output: 1,994
Total: 2,835

ὃν ἐλθόντα ἐς ἀγρὸν κοιμᾶσθαι λέγουσιν ἐσελθόντα ἐς σπήλαιον· ὁ δὲ ὕπνος οὐ πρότερον ἀνῆκεν αὐτὸν πρὶν ἤ οἱ τεσσαρακοστὸν ἔτος γενέσθαι καθεύδοντι.

The first accusative relative clause contains infinitival κοιμᾶσθαι with two circumstantial aorist participles; the second main clause has a πρὶν ἤ temporal infinitive, while the final dative participle καθεύδοντι has uncertain attachment.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὃν	ὅς	PRON	P-S---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	6 λέγουσιν	obj	high	Relative pronoun, object of λέγουσιν; antecedent is supplied by preceding context.
2	ἐλθόντα	ἔρχομαι	VERB	VAAP-SMA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	5 κοιμᾶσθαι	advcl	medium	Aorist participle, circumstantial with κοιμᾶσθαι; form may be analyzed as ἐλθών with accusative attraction.
3	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	4 ἀγρὸν	case	high
4	ἀγρὸν	ἀγρός	NOUN	N-S---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	2 ἐλθόντα	obl	high	Goal/place complement of ἐλθόντα.
5	κοιμᾶσθαι	κοιμάω	VERB	VPPN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	6 λέγουσιν	xcomp	high	Infinitive governed by λέγουσιν.
6	λέγουσιν	λέγω	VERB	VPAI3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
7	ἐσελθόντα	εἰσέρχομαι	VERB	VAAP-SMA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	5 κοιμᾶσθαι	advcl	high	Aorist participle coordinated in sense with ἐλθόντα, modifying the understood subject of κοιμᾶσθαι.
8	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	9 σπήλαιον	case	high
9	σπήλαιον	σπήλαιον	NOUN	N-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 ἐσελθόντα	obl	high	Goal/place complement of ἐσελθόντα.
10	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	6 λέγουσιν	punct	high
11	ὁ	ὁ	DET	P-S---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	13 ὕπνος	det	high
12	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C-	_	13 ὕπνος	cc	high	Postpositive connective introducing the second clause.
13	ὕπνος	ὕπνος	NOUN	N-S---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 ἀνῆκεν	nsubj	high
14	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D-	Polarity=Neg	16 ἀνῆκεν	advmod	high
15	πρότερον	πρότερος	ADV	D--------	Degree=Cmp	16 ἀνῆκεν	advmod	high	Adverbial comparative, ‘before/earlier’.
16	ἀνῆκεν	ἀνίημι	VERB	VAAI3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	6 λέγουσιν	parataxis	medium	Aorist indicative in the coordinated main clause; idiomatically ‘released/let go’.
17	αὐτὸν	αὐτός	PRON	P-S---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	16 ἀνῆκεν	obj	high
18	πρὶν	πρίν	SCONJ	D--------	_	23 γενέσθαι	mark	high	Introduces the temporal subordinate clause.
19	ἤ	ἤ	CCONJ	C-	_	18 πρὶν	fixed	medium	Part of the conjunction πρὶν ἤ.
20	οἱ	οἱ	PRON	P-S---MD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	23 γενέσθαι	iobj	medium	Dative of the person concerned/experiencer with γενέσθαι; possibly construed with an understood personal subject.
21	τεσσαρακοστὸν	τεσσαρακοστός	ADJ	A-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|NumType=Ord\|Number=Sing	22 ἔτος	amod	high	Ordinal modifying ἔτος.
22	ἔτος	ἔτος	NOUN	N-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	23 γενέσθαι	nsubj	medium	Accusative subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι in the temporal clause.
23	γενέσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	VAMN	Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	18 πρὶν	advcl	high	Aorist infinitive governed by πρὶν ἤ; ‘for the fortieth year to come/be reached’.
24	καθεύδοντι	καθεύδω	VERB	VPAP-SMD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	23 γενέσθαι	advcl	low	Dative present participle, likely agreeing with the understood person and expressing contemporaneous circumstance; exact attachment is syntactically uncertain.
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	16 ἀνῆκεν	punct	high

Sentence 3

1.14.4 sentence 3

Tokens: 14
Input: 684
Output: 1,075
Total: 1,759

καὶ ὕστερον ἔπη τε ἐποίει καὶ πόλεις ἐκάθηρεν ἄλλας τε καὶ τὴν Ἀθηναίων.

Coordinated predicates ἐποίει and ἐκάθηρεν share an implicit subject from context. ἔπη is the accusative object of ἐποίει; πόλεις is the object of ἐκάθηρεν, with ἄλλας τε καὶ τὴν Ἀθηναίων coordinated. The final genitive is a dependent genitive modifying τὴν, with an elided noun (πόλιν) understood.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	5 ἐποίει	cc	high
2	ὕστερον	ὕστερον	ADV	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 ἐποίει	advmod	high	Adverbial accusative/temporal adverb.
3	ἔπη	ἔπος	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	5 ἐποίει	obj	high
4	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	3 ἔπη	cc	high	Correlative with the following τε καὶ.
5	ἐποίει	ποιέω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	First coordinated predicate; subject implicit from context.
6	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 ἐκάθηρεν	cc	high
7	πόλεις	πόλις	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	8 ἐκάθηρεν	obj	high	Object of ἐκάθηρεν.
8	ἐκάθηρεν	καθαίρω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	5 ἐποίει	conj	high	Coordinated with ἐποίει; subject implicit from context.
9	ἄλλας	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	7 πόλεις	amod	high	First member of τε καὶ coordination modifying πόλεις.
10	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	9 ἄλλας	cc	high	Correlative coordinator.
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 τὴν	cc	high	Correlative coordinator with token 10.
12	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 πόλεις	conj	medium	Article with substantivized/elliptical πόλιν; coordinated with ἄλλας.
13	Ἀθηναίων	Ἀθηναῖος	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 τὴν	nmod	high	Genitive of association/possessor: ‘that of the Athenians’; feminine πόλις is elided.
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἐποίει	punct	high

Sentence 4

1.14.4 sentence 4

Tokens: 35
Input: 952
Output: 2,687
Total: 3,639

Θάλης δὲ ὁ Λακεδαιμονίοις τὴν νόσον παύσας οὔτε ἄλλως προσήκων οὔτε πόλεως ἦν Ἐπιμενίδῃ τῆς αὐτῆς· ἀλλʼ ὁ μὲν Κνώσσιος, Θάλητα δὲ εἶναί φησι Γορτύνιον Πολύμναστος Κολοφώνιος ἔπη Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐς αὐτὸν ποιήσας.

The first clause has Θάλης as subject of ἦν, with παύσας an attributive/temporal participle and Λακεδαιμονίοις a dative of reference/beneficiary. In the second clause, ὁ Κνώσσιος is the subject of φησι, with Θάλητα as accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι and Πολύμναστος Κολοφώνιος as the reporting subject of ποιήσας; ἔπη is its object. The coordination and appositional structure are somewhat compressed.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Θάλης	Θάλης	PROPN	N----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ἦν	nsubj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	13 ἦν	cc	high
3	ὁ	ὁ	DET	P-S---NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 Θάλης	det	high
4	Λακεδαιμονίοις	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	N----DPM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 παύσας	iobj	medium	Dative of reference or beneficiary with παύσας.
5	τὴν	ὁ	DET	P-S---ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 νόσον	det	high
6	νόσον	νόσος	NOUN	N----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 παύσας	obj	high
7	παύσας	παύω	VERB	V-----AAP-NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	13 ἦν	advcl	high	Aorist participle, anterior/temporal to ἦν.
8	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	C--------	_	10 προσήκων	cc	high
9	ἄλλως	ἄλλως	ADV	D--------	_	10 προσήκων	advmod	high
10	προσήκων	προσήκω	VERB	V-----PAP-NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	13 ἦν	xcomp	medium	Predicative participle coordinated with the following οὔτε phrase; elliptical relation to ἦν.
11	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	C--------	_	13 ἦν	cc	high
12	πόλεως	πόλις	NOUN	N----GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 προσήκων	obl	medium	Genitive dependent on προσήκων, ‘belonging to/of a city’; exact scope is compressed.
13	ἦν	εἰμί	AUX	V03SIAI-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
14	Ἐπιμενίδῃ	Ἐπιμενίδης	PROPN	N----DSM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 αὐτῆς	obl	high	Dative of comparison/reference with τῆς αὐτῆς.
15	τῆς	ὁ	DET	P-S---GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 αὐτῆς	det	high
16	αὐτῆς	αὐτός	PRON	P-S---GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	10 προσήκων	obl	medium	Substantivized genitive, likely ‘of the same city’; construction is elliptical.
17	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἦν	punct	high
18	ἀλλʼ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	C--------	_	26 φησι	cc	high
19	ὁ	ὁ	DET	P-S---NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 Κνώσσιος	det	high
20	μὲν	μέν	PART	X--------	_	21 Κνώσσιος	discourse	high	Correlative μέν with no overt following δέ.
21	Κνώσσιος	Κνώσσιος	PROPN	A----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	26 φησι	nsubj	high	Substantivized ethnic adjective, subject of φησι.
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	21 Κνώσσιος	punct	high
23	Θάλητα	Θάλης	PROPN	N----ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 εἶναί	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι.
24	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	26 φησι	cc	high
25	εἶναί	εἰμί	AUX	V--PAN--	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	26 φησι	ccomp	high
26	φησι	φημί	VERB	V03SPIA-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	parataxis	medium	New main predication after ἀλλά; relation to preceding ἦν is discourse-paratactic.
27	Γορτύνιον	Γορτύνιος	PROPN	A----ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 εἶναί	xcomp	high	Predicate accusative with εἶναι.
28	Πολύμναστος	Πολύμναστος	PROPN	N----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 ποιήσας	nsubj	medium	Subject of ποιήσας, syntactically the agent of the participial clause.
29	Κολοφώνιος	Κολοφώνιος	PROPN	A----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	28 Πολύμναστος	amod	high	Ethnic adjective in apposition to Πολύμναστος.
30	ἔπη	ἔπος	NOUN	N----APN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	34 ποιήσας	obj	high
31	Λακεδαιμονίοις	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	N----DPM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	34 ποιήσας	iobj	high	Recipient/addressee with ποιήσας.
32	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	33 αὐτὸν	case	high
33	αὐτὸν	αὐτός	PRON	P-S---ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	34 ποιήσας	obl	high	Object of ἐς, referring to Θάλης/Θάλητα.
34	ποιήσας	ποιέω	VERB	V-----AAP-NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	26 φησι	advcl	medium	Aorist participle, likely giving the basis/source for Πολύμναστος’s identification.
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	26 φησι	punct	high

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