Grammar parses for passage 1.14.4
Open translation for this passage
ὃν ἐλθόντα ἐς ἀγρὸν κοιμᾶσθαι λέγουσιν ἐσελθόντα ἐς σπήλαιον· ὁ δὲ ὕπνος οὐ πρότερον ἀνῆκεν αὐτὸν πρὶν ἤ οἱ τεσσαρακοστὸν ἔτος γενέσθαι καθεύδοντι.
The syntax is partly elliptical and reported-speech-like; the second half has an irregular πρὶν ἤ construction and a dative participle, so some attachment choices are uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | Pp---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 2 ἐλθόντα | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of ἐλθόντα. |
| 2 | ἐλθόντα | ἔρχομαι | VERB | AAP-SM- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 λέγουσιν | csubj | medium | Participial clause governed by λέγουσιν; syntactic relation approximate. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 ἀγρὸν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 4 | ἀγρὸν | ἀγρός | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 ἐλθόντα | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 5 | κοιμᾶσθαι | κοιμάομαι | VERB | V-PPN--- | VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 6 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive with λέγουσιν. |
| 6 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 16 ἀνῆκεν | ccomp | high | Reported speech clause dependent on ἀνῆκεν. |
| 7 | ἐσελθόντα | εἰσέρχομαι | VERB | AAP-SM- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 2 ἐλθόντα | advcl | medium | Participial modifier; could also be part of the reported content. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 σπήλαιον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 9 | σπήλαιον | σπήλαιον | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐσελθόντα | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἀνῆκεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ὕπνος | det | high | Article with ὕπνος. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 16 ἀνῆκεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | ὕπνος | ὕπνος | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀνῆκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀνῆκεν. |
| 14 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 16 ἀνῆκεν | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 15 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 ἀνῆκεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀνῆκεν. |
| 16 | ἀνῆκεν | ἀνίημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 17 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | Pp-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 16 ἀνῆκεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀνῆκεν. |
| 18 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 γενέσθαι | mark | high | Introduces temporal clause. |
| 19 | ἤ | ἤ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 γενέσθαι | mark | medium | Correlative/comparative marker with πρὶν; syntax uncertain. |
| 20 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 καθεύδοντι | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 21 | τεσσαρακοστὸν | τεσσαρακοστός | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|NumType=Ord|Number=Sing | 22 ἔτος | amod | high | Ordinal adjective modifying ἔτος. |
| 22 | ἔτος | ἔτος | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 γενέσθαι | obj | high | Object/complement of γενέσθαι. |
| 23 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-ANM--- | VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 18 πρὶν | xcomp | medium | Infinitive under πρὶν ἤ; construction is somewhat irregular. |
| 24 | καθεύδοντι | καθεύδω | VERB | V-PAP-DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 γενέσθαι | advcl | medium | Dative participle; likely temporal/circumstantial. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἀνῆκεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καὶ ὕστερον ἔπη τε ἐποίει καὶ πόλεις ἐκάθηρεν ἄλλας τε καὶ τὴν Ἀθηναίων.
Coordination of two imperfect verbs with shared subject omitted; final noun phrase is elliptical/attributive and the genitive Ἀθηναίων depends on an omitted head or on πόλεις in a loose appositional/partitive relation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐποίει | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 2 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 ἐποίει | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐποίει. |
| 3 | ἔπη | ἔπος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐποίει | obj | high | Direct object of ἐποίει. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 ἔπη | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective particle attached to ἔπη. |
| 5 | ἐποίει | ποιέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐκάθηρεν | cc | high | Coordinates the second main clause. |
| 7 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἐκάθηρεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐκάθηρεν. |
| 8 | ἐκάθηρεν | καθαίρω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 5 ἐποίει | conj | high | Conjoined verb with ἐποίει. |
| 9 | ἄλλας | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 πόλεις | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying πόλεις. |
| 10 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 9 ἄλλας | discourse | medium | Enclitic particle attached to ἄλλας. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἄλλας | cc | high | Coordinates the adjective phrase with the following genitive phrase. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Ἀθηναίων | det | high | Article with Ἀθηναίων. |
| 13 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-? | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 πόλεις | nmod | low | Genitive phrase is syntactically awkward; analyzed as modifying πόλεις, though the article/form mismatch suggests textual or elliptical complexity. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐποίει | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
Θάλης δὲ ὁ Λακεδαιμονίοις τὴν νόσον παύσας οὔτε ἄλλως προσήκων οὔτε πόλεως ἦν Ἐπιμενίδῃ τῆς αὐτῆς· ἀλλʼ ὁ μὲν Κνώσσιος, Θάλητα δὲ εἶναί φησι Γορτύνιον Πολύμναστος Κολοφώνιος ἔπη Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐς αὐτὸν ποιήσας.
The clause ἦν ... Ἐπιμενίδῃ τῆς αὐτῆς is syntactically compressed; I treat πόλεως as a genitive complement with ἦν and αὐτῆς as modifying Ἐπιμενίδῃ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θάλης | Θαλῆς | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 13 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Θάλης | det | high | Article with Θάλης. |
| 4 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 παύσας | obl | medium | Dative with παύσας; likely substantive/adjectival use for 'the Spartans'. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 νόσον | det | high | Article with νόσον. |
| 6 | νόσον | νόσος | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 παύσας | obj | high | Object of παύσας. |
| 7 | παύσας | παύω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Θάλης | acl | high | Aorist participle modifying Θάλης. |
| 8 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 προσήκων | cc | high | Correlative conjunction. |
| 9 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 10 προσήκων | advmod | high | Modifies προσήκων. |
| 10 | προσήκων | προσήκω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Participle dependent on ἦν; negated by οὔτε ... οὔτε. |
| 11 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 πόλεως | cc | high | Correlative conjunction. |
| 12 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἦν | obl | medium | Genitive with ἦν; part of comparison/genitive of relation. |
| 13 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IXI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 14 | Ἐπιμενίδῃ | Ἐπιμενίδης | PROPN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἦν | obl | high | Dative of comparison/association with ἦν. |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 αὐτῆς | det | high | Article with αὐτῆς. |
| 16 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | DET | A-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 Ἐπιμενίδῃ | det | medium | Modifier of Ἐπιμενίδῃ; text likely means 'of the same [city]'. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 18 | ἀλλʼ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 26 φησι | cc | high | Adversative conjunction. |
| 19 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Κνώσσιος | det | high | Article with Κνώσσιος. |
| 20 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 21 Κνώσσιος | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 21 | Κνώσσιος | Κνώσσιος | ADJ | A-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 φησι | nsubj | high | Predicate nominal subject of φησι. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 φησι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 23 | Θάλητα | Θαλῆς | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 εἶναί | obj | high | Accusative subject of indirect statement with εἶναί. |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 26 φησι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 25 | εἶναί | εἰμί | AUX | V-IXN---- | VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 26 φησι | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of φησι. |
| 26 | φησι | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 ἦν | conj | high | Paratactic continuation after ἦν. |
| 27 | Γορτύνιον | Γορτύνιος | ADJ | A-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 εἶναί | xcomp | medium | Predicate complement in indirect statement. |
| 28 | Πολύμναστος | Πολύμναστος | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 φησι | nsubj | high | Subject of φησι. |
| 29 | Κολοφώνιος | Κολοφώνιος | ADJ | A-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 Πολύμναστος | amod | high | Attributive adjective with Πολύμναστος. |
| 30 | ἔπη | ἔπος | NOUN | N-PA---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 ποιήσας | obj | high | Object of ποιήσας. |
| 31 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 ποιήσας | obl | medium | Dative beneficiary/recipient with ποιήσας. |
| 32 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 33 αὐτὸν | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτόν. |
| 33 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | A-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 ποιήσας | obl | high | Prepositional object of ἐς. |
| 34 | ποιήσας | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 Πολύμναστος | acl | high | Participle modifying Πολύμναστος. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 φησι | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |