Grammar parses for passage 1.15.2
Open translation for this passage
ἐν δὲ τῷ μέσῳ τῶν τοίχων Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ Θησεὺς Ἀμαζόσι μάχονται.
The clause is straightforward; the main difficulty is the coordinated nominative subject with mixed singular/plural reference (Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ Θησεύς).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | AdpType=Prep | 4 μέσῳ | case | high | Preposition governing τῷ μέσῳ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 11 μάχονται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Art | 4 μέσῳ | det | high | Article modifying μέσῳ. |
| 4 | μέσῳ | μέσος | ADJ | a-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 μάχονται | obl | high | Locative-like oblique phrase with ἐν. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Art | 6 τοίχων | det | high | Article modifying τοίχων. |
| 6 | τοίχων | τοῖχος | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 μέσῳ | nmod | high | Genitive complement of μέσῳ. |
| 7 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 μάχονται | nsubj | medium | Likely coordinated subject with Θησεύς, but number mismatch suggests textual or semantic irregularity. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c | _ | 9 Θησεὺς | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 9 | Θησεὺς | Θησεύς | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἀθηναῖοι | conj | high | Conjunct of Ἀθηναῖοι. |
| 10 | Ἀμαζόσι | Ἀμαζών | PROPN | n-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 μάχονται | obl | high | Dative object/argument of μάχονται. |
| 11 | μάχονται | μάχομαι | VERB | v-p---pmi- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb, syntactic root. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 μάχονται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
μόναις δὲ ἄρα ταῖς γυναιξὶν οὐκ ἀφῄρει τὰ πταίσματα τὸ ἐς τοὺς κινδύνους ἀφειδές, εἴ γε Θεμισκύρας τε ἁλούσης ὑπὸ Ἡρακλέους καὶ ὕστερον φθαρείσης σφίσι τῆς στρατιᾶς, ἣν ἐπʼ Ἀθήνας ἔστειλαν, ὅμως ἐς Τροίαν ἦλθον Ἀθηναίοις τε αὐτοῖς μαχούμεναι καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν Ἕλλησιν.
Two genitive absolutes are coordinated before the main clause; the final participle μαχούμεναι governs two dative opponents, with αὐτοῖς and πᾶσιν Ἕλλησιν attached as dative complements.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μόναις | μόνος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 γυναιξὶν | amod | high | Modifies γυναιξὶν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἀφῄρει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἄρα | ἄρα | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἀφῄρει | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 γυναιξὶν | det | high | Article with γυναιξὶν. |
| 5 | γυναιξὶν | γυνή | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἀφῄρει | iobj | medium | Dative recipient/affected party; construction somewhat interpretive. |
| 6 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἀφῄρει | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 7 | ἀφῄρει | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 πταίσματα | det | high | Article with πταίσματα. |
| 9 | πταίσματα | πταίσμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἀφῄρει | obj | high | Direct object. |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ἀφειδές | det | high | Article with ἀφειδές. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 13 κινδύνους | case | high | Preposition. |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 κινδύνους | det | high | Article with κινδύνους. |
| 13 | κινδύνους | κίνδυνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀφειδές | obl | high | Object of preposition ἐς. |
| 14 | ἀφειδές | ἀφειδής | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀφῄρει | obj | medium | Substantival adjective governed by ἀφῄρει; syntax somewhat difficult. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀφῄρει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | εἴ | εἰ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 38 ἦλθον | mark | medium | Introduces conditional clause. |
| 17 | γε | γε | PART | _ | _ | 16 εἴ | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 18 | Θεμισκύρας | Θεμίσκυρα | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἁλούσης | nmod | high | Dependent genitive with ἁλούσης. |
| 19 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 20 ἁλούσης | discourse | high | Coordinating enclitic particle. |
| 20 | ἁλούσης | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 στρατιᾶς | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 21 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 22 Ἡρακλέους | case | high | Preposition. |
| 22 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἁλούσης | obl | high | Agent of passive participle in genitive absolute. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 25 φθαρείσης | cc | high | Links participles in genitive absolute. |
| 24 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | _ | _ | 25 φθαρείσης | advmod | high | Adverb. |
| 25 | φθαρείσης | φθείρω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 28 στρατιᾶς | advcl | high | Second genitive absolute participle. |
| 26 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 25 φθαρείσης | iobj | medium | Dative of disadvantage/possession with φθαρείσης. |
| 27 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 στρατιᾶς | det | high | Article with στρατιᾶς. |
| 28 | στρατιᾶς | στρατιά | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 φθαρείσης | obl | medium | Genitive absolute noun phrase. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 φθαρείσης | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 30 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 33 ἔστειλαν | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to στρατιᾶς. |
| 31 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 32 Ἀθήνας | case | high | Preposition. |
| 32 | Ἀθήνας | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 33 ἔστειλαν | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐπί. |
| 33 | ἔστειλαν | στέλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 28 στρατιᾶς | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying στρατιᾶς. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 ἔστειλαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 35 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | _ | _ | 38 ἦλθον | advmod | high | Concessive adverb. |
| 36 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 37 Τροίαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 37 | Τροίαν | Τροία | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 ἦλθον | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 38 | ἦλθον | ἔρχομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 16 εἴ | conj | high | Apodosis/main clause verb after εἴ. |
| 39 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 42 μαχούμεναι | obl | medium | Dative with μαχούμεναι, interpreted as opponent/indirect relation. |
| 40 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 41 αὐτοῖς | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 41 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 39 Ἀθηναίοις | appos | medium | Intensifies Ἀθηναίοις, 'to them themselves'. |
| 42 | μαχούμεναι | μάχομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 38 ἦλθον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with implied subject (the Amazons). |
| 43 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 46 Ἕλλησιν | cc | high | Coordinates dative complements. |
| 44 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 46 Ἕλλησιν | det | high | Article with Ἕλλησιν. |
| 45 | πᾶσιν | πᾶς | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 46 Ἕλλησιν | amod | high | Modifies Ἕλλησιν. |
| 46 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 42 μαχούμεναι | obl | medium | Second dative complement of μαχούμεναι. |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 38 ἦλθον | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐπὶ δὲ ταῖς Ἀμαζόσιν Ἕλληνές εἰσιν ᾑρηκότες Ἴλιον καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς ἠθροισμένοι διὰ τὸ Αἴαντος ἐς Κασσάνδραν τόλμημα·
The syntax is mildly compressed: Ἕλληνές εἰσιν ᾑρηκότες Ἴλιον and οἱ βασιλεῖς ἠθροισμένοι are coordinated predicative complexes, with διὰ τὸ Αἴαντος ἐς Κασσάνδραν τόλμημα giving the cause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 4 Ἀμαζόσιν | case | high | Governed by dative phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 Ἕλληνές | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | L-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Ἀμαζόσιν | det | high | Article with Ἀμαζόσιν. |
| 4 | Ἀμαζόσιν | Ἀμαζών | PROPN | n-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 Ἕλληνές | obl | high | Dative complement with ἐπὶ. |
| 5 | Ἕλληνές | Ἕλλην | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicative nominal with copula expressed by εἰσιν. |
| 6 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 Ἕλληνές | cop | high | Copula for Ἕλληνές. |
| 7 | ᾑρηκότες | αἱρέω | VERB | v-papamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 Ἕλληνές | acl | medium | Participial modifier of Ἕλληνές; likely perfect active participle. |
| 8 | Ἴλιον | Ἴλιον | PROPN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ᾑρηκότες | obj | high | Object of ᾑρηκότες. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 11 βασιλεῖς | cc | high | Connects coordinated nominative subjects/phrases. |
| 10 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 βασιλεῖς | det | high | Article with βασιλεῖς. |
| 11 | βασιλεῖς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Ἕλληνές | conj | high | Coordinated with Ἕλληνές. |
| 12 | ἠθροισμένοι | ἀθροίζω | VERB | v-pprpmn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 βασιλεῖς | acl | high | Participial modifier of βασιλεῖς. |
| 13 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 18 τόλμημα | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 τόλμημα | det | high | Article with τόλμημα. |
| 15 | Αἴαντος | Αἴας | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 τόλμημα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of τόλμημα. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 17 Κασσάνδραν | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 17 | Κασσάνδραν | Κασσάνδρα | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 τόλμημα | nmod | medium | Likely dependent on τόλμημα with prepositional phrase 'toward Cassandra'. |
| 18 | τόλμημα | τόλμημα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἠθροισμένοι | obl | high | Object/complement within the participial phrase with διὰ. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 Ἕλληνές | punct | high | Sentence-ending punctuation. |
καὶ αὐτὸν ἡ γραφὴ τὸν Αἴαντα ἔχει καὶ γυναῖκας τῶν αἰχμαλώτων ἄλλας τε καὶ Κασσάνδραν.
The clause has straightforward coordination of two accusative objects of ἔχει; the second object phrase is elliptical, with ἄλλας and Κασσάνδραν coordinated under γυναῖκας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 ἔχει | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking two coordinated objects. |
| 2 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3msA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 7 ἔχει | obj | high | Accusative object pronoun coordinated with the following noun phrase. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RAfsN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 γραφὴ | det | high | Article modifying γραφή. |
| 4 | γραφὴ | γραφή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔχει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔχει. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RAmsA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Αἴαντα | det | high | Article modifying Αἴαντα. |
| 6 | Αἴαντα | Αἴας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 αὐτὸν | appos | medium | Appositive name identifying αὐτόν; could also be taken as in apposition to the object phrase. |
| 7 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 ἔχει | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction introducing the second coordinated object phrase. |
| 9 | γυναῖκας | γυνή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἔχει | obj | high | Second coordinated object of ἔχει. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RAmpG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 αἰχμαλώτων | det | high | Article modifying αἰχμαλώτων. |
| 11 | αἰχμαλώτων | αἰχμάλωτος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 γυναῖκας | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of γυναῖκας, 'of the captives'. |
| 12 | ἄλλας | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 γυναῖκας | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying γυναῖκας. |
| 13 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 12 ἄλλας | discourse | low | Enclitic connective particle; attachment uncertain. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 Κασσάνδραν | cc | high | Links Κασσάνδραν to ἄλλας as coordinated addition. |
| 15 | Κασσάνδραν | Κασσάνδρα | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἄλλας | conj | high | Coordinated with ἄλλας; the phrase is somewhat elliptical but this captures the coordination. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔχει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |