Grammar parses for passage 1.17.4
Open translation for this passage
ἐς δὲ τὴν τελευτὴν τὴν Θησέως πολλὰ ἤδη καὶ οὐχ ὁμολογοῦντα εἴρηται·
Impersonal passive εἴρηται governs the accusative πολλὰ, with ὁμολογοῦντα agreeing with πολλὰ; the prepositional phrase ἐς τὴν τελευτὴν τὴν Θησέως is topical, and the syntax is elliptical in context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 τελευτὴν | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 εἴρηται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 τελευτὴν | det | high | |
| 4 | τελευτὴν | τελευτή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 εἴρηται | obl | medium | Topical temporal/domain phrase with εἰς; exact attachment is context-sensitive. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 τελευτὴν | det | high | |
| 6 | Θησέως | Θησεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τελευτὴν | nmod | high | |
| 7 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 εἴρηται | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural, object of impersonal εἴρηται. |
| 8 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 εἴρηται | advmod | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ὁμολογοῦντα | cc | high | Coordinates the participial description with the preceding πολλὰ. |
| 10 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | NEG | Polarity=Neg | 11 ὁμολογοῦντα | advmod | high | Negates ὁμολογοῦντα. |
| 11 | ὁμολογοῦντα | ὁμολογέω | VERB | V-PAP-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 πολλὰ | acl | high | Attributive participle agreeing with substantivized πολλὰ. |
| 12 | εἴρηται | λέγω | VERB | V-RPI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect passive, impersonal: 'has been said'; lemma normalized to λέγω. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 εἴρηται | punct | high |
δεδέσθαι τε γὰρ αὐτὸν λέγουσιν ἐς τόδε ἕως ὑφʼ Ἡρακλέους ἀναχθείη, πιθανώτατα δὲ ὧν ἤκουσα·
The infinitival clause depends on λέγουσιν; ἕως introduces an optative temporal clause, while πιθανώτατα δὲ ὧν ἤκουσα is a parenthetical evaluative assertion.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δεδέσθαι | δέω | VERB | V--PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 5 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Perfect passive infinitive in reported speech. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 δεδέσθαι | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 λέγουσιν | mark | medium | Explanatory particle; UD treatment as marker. |
| 4 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 1 δεδέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive. |
| 5 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Matrix reporting verb. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 τόδε | case | high | Variant form of εἰς governing τόδε. |
| 7 | τόδε | ὅδε | PRON | P--SAN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 1 δεδέσθαι | obl | medium | Accusative temporal/directional extent phrase with ἐς. |
| 8 | ἕως | ἕως | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἀναχθείη | mark | high | Subordinator introducing temporal clause. |
| 9 | ὑφʼ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 Ἡρακλέους | case | high | Agent preposition with genitive. |
| 10 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-GSM-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀναχθείη | obl:agent | high | Genitive agent of passive ἀναχθείη. |
| 11 | ἀναχθείη | ἀνάγω | VERB | V-2APO-3S- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 1 δεδέσθαι | advcl | high | Aorist passive optative in ἕως-clause. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 πιθανώτατα | punct | high | |
| 13 | πιθανώτατα | πιθανός | ADV | A-S---NA-S | Degree=Sup | 16 ἤκουσα | advmod | high | Superlative adverb, modifying ἤκουσα. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἤκουσα | cc | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 15 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | P-GPN-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 16 ἤκουσα | obj | medium | Genitive relative pronoun, likely partitive/object with ἤκουσα. |
| 16 | ἤκουσα | ἀκούω | VERB | V-AAI-1S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 λέγουσιν | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical first-person assertion, coordinated by δέ. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
Θησεὺς ἐς Θεσπρωτοὺς ἐμβαλών, τοῦ βασιλέως τῶν Θεσπρωτῶν γυναῖκα ἁρπάσων, τὸ πολὺ τῆς στρατιᾶς οὕτως ἀπόλλυσι, καὶ αὐτός τε καὶ Πειρίθους--- Πειρίθους γὰρ καὶ τὸν γάμον σπεύδων ἐστράτευεν--- ἥλωσαν,
The sentence has a main clause with historical-present ἀπόλλυσι and a coordinated clause ἥλωσαν; the dash-enclosed γὰρ clause is a parenthetical explanation of Peirithous’ participation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θησεὺς | Θησεύς | PROPN | N-----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἀπόλλυσι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | R- | _ | 3 Θεσπρωτοὺς | case | high | |
| 3 | Θεσπρωτοὺς | Θεσπρωτός | PROPN | N-----AP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐμβαλών | obl | high | |
| 4 | ἐμβαλών | ἐμβάλλω | VERB | V-AAP-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 18 ἀπόλλυσι | advcl | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐμβαλών | punct | high | |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---GMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 βασιλέως | det | high | |
| 7 | βασιλέως | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 γυναῖκα | nmod | high | |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S---GMP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Θεσπρωτῶν | det | high | |
| 9 | Θεσπρωτῶν | Θεσπρωτός | PROPN | N-----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 βασιλέως | nmod | high | |
| 10 | γυναῖκα | γυνή | NOUN | N-----AS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἁρπάσων | obj | high | |
| 11 | ἁρπάσων | ἁρπάζω | VERB | V-FAP-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 4 ἐμβαλών | advcl | high | Future participle expressing intended action. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἁρπάσων | punct | high | |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S---ANS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 πολὺ | det | high | |
| 14 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A---ANS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἀπόλλυσι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S---GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 στρατιᾶς | det | high | |
| 16 | στρατιᾶς | στρατιά | NOUN | N-----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 πολὺ | nmod | high | |
| 17 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | D- | _ | 18 ἀπόλλυσι | advmod | high | |
| 18 | ἀπόλλυσι | ἀπόλλυμι | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Present historical narrative verb; later coordinated clause has ἥλωσαν. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀπόλλυσι | punct | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 38 ἥλωσαν | cc | high | |
| 21 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | P---NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 38 ἥλωσαν | nsubj | high | First conjunct subject. |
| 22 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 21 αὐτός | cc | high | |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 24 Πειρίθους | cc | high | Second member of τε...καί. |
| 24 | Πειρίθους | Πειρίθους | PROPN | N-----NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 ἥλωσαν | conj | high | |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 Πειρίθους | punct | high | |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 Πειρίθους | punct | high | |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 Πειρίθους | punct | high | |
| 28 | Πειρίθους | Πειρίθους | PROPN | N-----NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 ἐστράτευεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστράτευεν in parenthetical explanation. |
| 29 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | X- | _ | 34 ἐστράτευεν | discourse | high | |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 32 γάμον | cc | high | Connects τὸν γάμον with the implicit/explicit purpose of campaigning. |
| 31 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---AMS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 γάμον | det | high | |
| 32 | γάμον | γάμος | NOUN | N-----AS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 ἐστράτευεν | obj | high | |
| 33 | σπεύδων | σπεύδω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 34 ἐστράτευεν | advcl | high | Participial modifier of Peirithous, indicating eagerness. |
| 34 | ἐστράτευεν | στρατεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 38 ἥλωσαν | parataxis | high | Parenthetical explanatory clause. |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 ἐστράτευεν | punct | high | |
| 36 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 ἐστράτευεν | punct | high | |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 ἐστράτευεν | punct | high | |
| 38 | ἥλωσαν | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V-2AAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 18 ἀπόλλυσι | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; passive/deponent sense ‘were captured’. |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 38 ἥλωσαν | punct | high |
καὶ σφᾶς ὁ Θεσπρωτὸς δήσας εἶχεν ἐν Κιχύρῳ.
The participle δήσας agrees with the understood masculine subject Θεσπρωτός and expresses prior action; σφᾶς is its accusative plural object, retained as the object of εἶχεν. Θεσπρωτός is a substantive ethnic adjective/name, probably the subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 εἶχεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 δήσας | obj | high | |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Θεσπρωτὸς | det | high | |
| 4 | Θεσπρωτὸς | Θεσπρωτός | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 εἶχεν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized ethnic adjective/name; interpreted as the subject of εἶχεν. |
| 5 | δήσας | δέω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 εἶχεν | advcl | high | Conjunct participle, with Θεσπρωτός as understood subject. |
| 6 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 8 Κιχύρῳ | case | high | |
| 8 | Κιχύρῳ | Κίχυρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 εἶχεν | obl | high | Locative complement of ἐν. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εἶχεν | punct | high |