Grammar parses for passage 1.17.5
Open translation for this passage
γῆς δὲ τῆς Θεσπρωτίδος ἔστι μέν που καὶ ἄλλα θέας ἄξια, ἱερόν τε Διὸς ἐν Δωδώνῃ καὶ ἱερὰ τοῦ θεοῦ φηγός·
Elliptical existential construction: γῆς ... ἔστι ... ἄξια, with ἱερόν and ἱερὰ coordinated appositional/subject-like items; φηγός is nominative singular, likely naming the sacred oak (or beech) at Dodona. The second ἱερὰ is neuter plural and coordinates with ἱερόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | NOUN-GEN-SG-F | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἔστι | obl | high | Genitive of respect/domain: 'of the land'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἔστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GEN-SG-F | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Θεσπρωτίδος | det | high | |
| 4 | Θεσπρωτίδος | Θεσπρωτίς | PROPN | ADJ-GEN-SG-F | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 γῆς | nmod | high | Ethnic place-name modifying γῆς. |
| 5 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential verb; singular despite coordinated/elliptical predicative material. |
| 6 | μέν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 5 ἔστι | discourse | high | Correlative particle, with δέ. |
| 7 | που | που | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 ἔστι | advmod | high | Indefinite adverb, 'perhaps/somewhere'. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἄλλα | cc | high | Coordinates ἄλλα with the following listed sights. |
| 9 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἄξια | amod | medium | Neuter plural substantivized adjective, 'other things'. |
| 10 | θέας | θέα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἄξια | nmod | high | Genitive of value with ἄξια. |
| 11 | ἄξια | ἄξιος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἔστι | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective: 'worth seeing'. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔστι | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἔστι | conj | medium | First explicitly listed sacred site; ellipsis of ἔστι/ἐστίν is possible. |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἱερόν | cc | high | Coordinates the two nominal listings. |
| 15 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱερόν. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 Δωδώνῃ | case | high | |
| 17 | Δωδώνῃ | Δωδώνη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Locative complement of ἱερόν. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἱερὰ | cc | high | Coordinates the second sacred item. |
| 19 | ἱερὰ | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἱερόν | conj | medium | Neuter plural substantive, 'sacred things'; coordinated with ἱερόν. |
| 20 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 θεοῦ | det | high | |
| 21 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἱερὰ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱερὰ. |
| 22 | φηγός | φηγός | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἱερὰ | appos | medium | Nominative singular; appositional identification of the sacred object, likely the sacred oak/beech. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔστι | punct | high |
πρὸς δὲ τῇ Κιχύρῳ λίμνη τέ ἐστιν Ἀχερουσία καλουμένη καὶ ποταμὸς Ἀχέρων, ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ Κωκυτὸς ὕδωρ ἀτερπέστατον.
The sentence has two coordinated locative-presentational clauses: λίμνη ... ἐστιν and ποταμὸς ... [ἐστιν understood], followed by a coordinated clause with ῥεῖ. The phrase Κωκυτὸς ὕδωρ is treated as a proper-name subject with a predicative/quality accusative or nominative neuter expression; case is morphologically syncretic and the syntax is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 4 Κιχύρῳ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative phrase τῇ Κιχύρῳ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Κιχύρῳ | det | high | Article agreeing with Κιχύρῳ. |
| 4 | Κιχύρῳ | Κίχυρος | PROPN | N----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | obl | medium | Dative object of location associated with πρός; name form is feminine in this phrase. |
| 5 | λίμνη | λίμνη | NOUN | N----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 6 | τέ | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 ἐστιν | cc | high | Enclitic coordinator. |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite copular/presentational root. |
| 8 | Ἀχερουσία | Ἀχερουσία | PROPN | N----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 λίμνη | appos | high | Name identifying λίμνη. |
| 9 | καλουμένη | καλέω | VERB | V-PMPNSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 8 Ἀχερουσία | acl | high | Passive participle modifying the lake/name expression. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 11 ποταμὸς | cc | high | Coordinates the second nominal expression. |
| 11 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | conj | high | Coordinated nominal subject/presentational complement; ἐστιν is understood. |
| 12 | Ἀχέρων | Ἀχέρων | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ποταμὸς | appos | high | Name identifying ποταμός. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ῥεῖ | punct | high | |
| 14 | ῥεῖ | ῥέω | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἐστιν | conj | high | Coordinated finite clause; subject is Κωκυτὸς ὕδωρ. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 14 ῥεῖ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 17 Κωκυτὸς | cc | high | Coordinates the subject components/name. |
| 17 | Κωκυτὸς | Κωκυτός | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ῥεῖ | nsubj | medium | Proper name functioning as part of the subject of ῥεῖ; agreement is irregular or elliptical in the transmitted wording. |
| 18 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 Κωκυτὸς | appos | low | Neuter noun apposed to or specifying Κωκυτός; nominative/accusative syncretism and construction are uncertain. |
| 19 | ἀτερπέστατον | ἀτερπής | ADJ | A----NSN- | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ὕδωρ | amod | medium | Superlative adjective modifying ὕδωρ; nominative versus accusative is syncretic. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ῥεῖ | punct | high |
Ὅμηρός τέ μοι δοκεῖ ταῦτα ἑωρακὼς ἔς τε τὴν ἄλλην ποίησιν ἀποτολμῆσαι τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου καὶ δὴ καὶ τὰ ὀνόματα τοῖς ποταμοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐν Θεσπρωτίδι θέσθαι.
The infinitives ἀποτολμῆσαι and θέσθαι are coordinated complements of δοκεῖ; ἑωρακώς is a prior circumstantial participle, and τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου is an elliptical genitive phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὅμηρός | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N----MSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 δοκεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | τέ | τε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 4 δοκεῖ | cc | high | Correlative/additive τε. |
| 3 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P--------D | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 4 δοκεῖ | iobj | medium | Dative with δοκεῖ, ethical or experiencer dative. |
| 4 | δοκεῖ | δοκέω | VERB | V--PIA3-S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | P---NPA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 6 ἑωρακὼς | obj | high | Object of the participle ἑωρακώς. |
| 6 | ἑωρακὼς | ὁράω | VERB | V-RPANM-S- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 12 ἀποτολμῆσαι | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, with Homer as subject. |
| 7 | ἔς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 11 ποίησιν | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 12 ἀποτολμῆσαι | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἄλλην | det | high | |
| 10 | ἄλλην | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ποίησιν | amod | high | |
| 11 | ποίησιν | ποίησις | NOUN | N--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀποτολμῆσαι | obl | high | Object of εἰς in the phrase ἐς τὴν ἄλλην ποίησιν. |
| 12 | ἀποτολμῆσαι | ἀποτολμάω | VERB | V--AAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 δοκεῖ | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to δοκεῖ. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L--GPN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 Ἅιδου | det | high | |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 15 Ἅιδου | case | high | |
| 15 | Ἅιδου | ᾍδης | PROPN | N--GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ποίησιν | nmod | high | Genitive phrase τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου, referring to things/persons in Hades; exact ellipsis is context-dependent. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 27 θέσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitival complement. |
| 17 | δὴ | δή | PART | X--------- | _ | 20 ὀνόματα | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 20 ὀνόματα | cc | high | Correlative καὶ δή καὶ. |
| 19 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L--NPA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 ὀνόματα | det | high | |
| 20 | ὀνόματα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N--NPA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 θέσθαι | obj | high | Object of θέσθαι. |
| 21 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L--DPM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 ποταμοῖς | det | high | |
| 22 | ποταμοῖς | ποταμός | NOUN | N--DPM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 θέσθαι | iobj | high | Dative recipient/goal with θέσθαι. |
| 23 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R--------- | _ | 24 τῶν | case | high | |
| 24 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L--GPN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 Θεσπρωτίδι | det | high | Substantival article, with an understood noun. |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 26 Θεσπρωτίδι | case | high | |
| 26 | Θεσπρωτίδι | Θεσπρωτίς | PROPN | N--DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 τῶν | nmod | high | Place name in dative governed by ἐν. |
| 27 | θέσθαι | τίθημι | VERB | V--AMN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 12 ἀποτολμῆσαι | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive, coordinated with ἀποτολμῆσαι. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 δοκεῖ | punct | high |