Grammar parses for passage 1.17.5
Open translation for this passage
πρὸς δὲ τῇ Κιχύρῳ λίμνη τέ ἐστιν Ἀχερουσία καλουμένη καὶ ποταμὸς Ἀχέρων, ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ Κωκυτὸς ὕδωρ ἀτερπέστατον.
Two coordinated copular predicates depend on ἐστιν, then a new clause with ῥεῖ as root; ὕδωρ ἀτερπέστατον is syntactically ambiguous and likely appositional/predicative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 Κιχύρῳ | case | high | Governed by dative τῇ Κιχύρῳ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PCL | _ | 7 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Κιχύρῳ | det | high | Article with place name. |
| 4 | Κιχύρῳ | Κίχυρος | PROPN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 πρὸς | obl | medium | Likely dative place name after πρός; gender uncertain. |
| 5 | λίμνη | λίμνη | NOUN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 6 | τέ | τε | PART | PCL | _ | 5 λίμνη | discourse | high | Enclitic connective attached to the first coordinated predicate. |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPIA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 8 | Ἀχερουσία | Ἀχερουσία | ADJ | A-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 λίμνη | amod | medium | Predicative/adjectival modifier of λίμνη; could be proper adjective. |
| 9 | καλουμένη | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-SFN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 λίμνη | acl | high | Participle agreeing with λίμνη. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ποταμὸς | cc | high | Coordinates the second noun phrase. |
| 11 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | conj | high | Conjunct to λίμνη in the copular clause. |
| 12 | Ἀχέρων | Ἀχέρων | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ποταμὸς | appos | high | Name apposed to ποταμὸς. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ποταμὸς | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | ῥεῖ | ῥέω | VERB | V-3SPIA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second clause root. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PCL | _ | 14 ῥεῖ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 Κωκυτὸς | cc | high | Coordinates Κωκυτὸς with another flowing entity. |
| 17 | Κωκυτὸς | Κωκυτός | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ῥεῖ | nsubj | high | Subject of ῥεῖ. |
| 18 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ῥεῖ | obj | low | Likely appositive or predicative accusative/nominal complement in sense 'water flows'; case is nominative by form. |
| 19 | ἀτερπέστατον | ἀτερπέστατος | ADJ | A-S---NNS | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ὕδωρ | amod | high | Modifies ὕδωρ. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ῥεῖ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Ὅμηρός τέ μοι δοκεῖ ταῦτα ἑωρακὼς ἔς τε τὴν ἄλλην ποίησιν ἀποτολμῆσαι τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου καὶ δὴ καὶ τὰ ὀνόματα τοῖς ποταμοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐν Θεσπρωτίδι θέσθαι.
Infinitival complement with two coordinated infinitives under δοκεῖ; participial ἑωρακώς supplies temporal/circumstantial background to the main claim.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὅμηρός | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-S---NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 δοκεῖ | nsubj | high | Subject of δοκεῖ. |
| 2 | τέ | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 Ὅμηρός | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 3 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-S---1D- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 4 δοκεῖ | iobj | high | Dative of opinion/experiencer with δοκεῖ. |
| 4 | δοκεῖ | δοκέω | VERB | V3SPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 5 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 12 ἀποτολμῆσαι | obj | high | Object of ἑωρακώς. |
| 6 | ἑωρακὼς | ὁράω | VERB | V-RPAPNSM- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 δοκεῖ | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the subject. |
| 7 | ἔς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 ἀποτολμῆσαι | mark | high | Introduces infinitival complement. |
| 8 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἔς | fixed | medium | Paired with preceding ἔς as ἔς τε. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ποίησιν | det | high | Article with ποίησιν. |
| 10 | ἄλλην | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ποίησιν | amod | high | Attributive adjective. |
| 11 | ποίησιν | ποίησις | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀποτολμῆσαι | obl | high | Complement of ἔς τε. |
| 12 | ἀποτολμῆσαι | ἀποτολμάω | VERB | V-AN--A--- | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 δοκεῖ | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of δοκεῖ. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 Ἅιδου | det | high | Article with ἐν Ἅιδου. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 Ἅιδου | case | high | Preposition governing Ἅιδου. |
| 15 | Ἅιδου | Ἅιδης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 τῶν | nmod | high | Genitive substantive after τῶν. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 δὴ | cc | high | Connective particle. |
| 17 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 18 καὶ | advmod | medium | Emphatic particle. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἀποτολμῆσαι | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitival clause with the first. |
| 19 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 ὀνόματα | det | high | Article with ὀνόματα. |
| 20 | ὀνόματα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 θέσθαι | obj | high | Object of θέσθαι. |
| 21 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 ποταμοῖς | det | high | Article with ποταμοῖς. |
| 22 | ποταμοῖς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 θέσθαι | iobj | high | Dative associated with θέσθαι. |
| 23 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 27 θέσθαι | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive phrase. |
| 24 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 Θεσπρωτίδι | det | high | Article with Θεσπρωτίδι phrase. |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 Θεσπρωτίδι | case | high | Preposition governing Θεσπρωτίδι. |
| 26 | Θεσπρωτίδι | Θεσπρωτίς | PROPN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 τῶν | nmod | medium | Form is dative but governed inside genitive article phrase; syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 27 | θέσθαι | τίθημι | VERB | V-AN--M--- | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 12 ἀποτολμῆσαι | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive under δοκεῖ. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 δοκεῖ | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τότε δὲ ἐχομένου Θησέως στρατεύουσιν ἐς Ἄφιδναν οἱ Τυνδάρεω παῖδες καὶ τήν τε Ἄφιδναν αἱροῦσι καὶ Μενεσθέα ἐπὶ βασιλείᾳ κατήγαγον·
The structure is a main clause with two coordinated finite verbs following a genitive absolute; the final verb is treated as the coordination head for shared subject attachment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | _ | _ | 5 στρατεύουσιν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 στρατεύουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐχομένου | ἔχω | VERB | V-PPP-M/GSM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 5 στρατεύουσιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 4 | Θησέως | Θησεύς | PROPN | N-PRI-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐχομένου | nsubj | high | Subject of the participle in genitive absolute. |
| 5 | στρατεύουσιν | στρατεύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of the first clause. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 5 στρατεύουσιν | case | high | Preposition introducing destination. |
| 7 | Ἄφιδναν | Ἄφιδνα | PROPN | N-PRI-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 στρατεύουσιν | obl | high | Object of preposition ἐς. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-DA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 παῖδες | det | high | Article with παῖδες. |
| 9 | Τυνδάρεω | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | N-PRI-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 παῖδες | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of παῖδες. |
| 10 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 κατήγαγον | nsubj | medium | Subject of the coordinated finite verbs; attached to the final main verb. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 αἱροῦσι | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 12 | τήν | ὁ | DET | L-DA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Ἄφιδναν | det | high | Article with Ἄφιδναν. |
| 13 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 12 τήν | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective, paired with καὶ. |
| 14 | Ἄφιδναν | Ἄφιδνα | PROPN | N-PRI-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 αἱροῦσι | obj | high | Direct object of αἱροῦσι. |
| 15 | αἱροῦσι | αἱρέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 στρατεύουσιν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 κατήγαγον | cc | high | Links the final coordinated clause. |
| 17 | Μενεσθέα | Μενεσθεύς | PROPN | N-PRI-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 κατήγαγον | obj | high | Direct object of κατήγαγον. |
| 18 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 20 κατήγαγον | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 19 | βασιλείᾳ | βασιλεία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 κατήγαγον | obl | high | Prepositional complement. |
| 20 | κατήγαγον | κατάγω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 στρατεύουσιν | conj | high | Third coordinated finite verb. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 στρατεύουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |