Grammar parses for passage 1.18.1
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ ἱερὸν τῶν Διοσκούρων ἐστὶν ἀρχαῖον, αὐτοί τε ἑστῶτες καὶ οἱ παῖδες καθήμενοί σφισιν ἐφʼ ἵππων.
The participial phrase is coordinated: αὐτοί τε ἑστῶτες describes the Dioscuri as standing, while οἱ παῖδες καθήμενοι σφισιν ἐφ’ ἵππων describes their sons seated on horses; σφισιν is a dative pronoun referring to the Dioscuri. The attachment of the coordinated participial clauses is moderately certain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἱερὸν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Predicative subject with ἐστίν. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Διοσκούρων | det | high | |
| 5 | Διοσκούρων | Διόσκουροι | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱερόν. |
| 6 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστὶν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 9 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 11 ἑστῶτες | nsubj | high | Subject of the participle ἑστῶτες; refers to the Dioscuri. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 11 ἑστῶτες | cc | high | Correlative with καί. |
| 11 | ἑστῶτες | ἵστημι | VERB | V-RAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἐστὶν | advcl | high | Perfect active participle, existentially predicative. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 15 καθήμενοί | cc | high | Coordinates the second participial clause with the first. |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 παῖδες | det | high | |
| 14 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 καθήμενοί | nsubj | high | Subject of καθήμενοι. |
| 15 | καθήμενοί | κάθημαι | VERB | V-PNP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 ἑστῶτες | conj | high | Coordinated with ἑστῶτες. |
| 16 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 15 καθήμενοί | iobj | medium | Dative of association/reference, referring to the Dioscuri. |
| 17 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-D | Case=Gen|PronType=Rel | 18 ἵππων | case | high | Elided form ἐφ’. |
| 18 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 καθήμενοί | obl | high | Genitive object of ἐπί: seated on horses. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
ἐνταῦθα Πολύγνωτος μὲν ἔχοντα ἐς αὐτοὺς ἔγραψε γάμον τῶν θυγατέρων τῶν Λευκίππου, Μίκων δὲ τοὺς μετὰ Ἰάσονος ἐς Κόλχους πλεύσαντας·
The participles ἔχοντα and πλεύσαντας are object-oriented descriptive accusatives: Πολύγνωτος depicts a marriage involving the daughters, while Μίκων depicts the Argonauts who sailed to Colchis; coordination with μὲν … δέ is elliptical after ἔγραψε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-D | PronType=Dem | 7 ἔγραψε | advmod | high | |
| 2 | Πολύγνωτος | Πολύγνωτος | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἔγραψε | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἔγραψε | cc | high | Correlative with δὲ. |
| 4 | ἔχοντα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAPNPM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 γάμον | acl | medium | Accusative participle describing the depicted figures; exact attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 αὐτοὺς | case | high | |
| 6 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 4 ἔχοντα | obl | medium | Possibly the object of ἔχοντα in the sense ‘having them toward/with them’; construction is compressed. |
| 7 | ἔγραψε | γράφω | VERB | V-AAI3S--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | γάμον | γάμος | NOUN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἔγραψε | obj | high | Object of ἔγραψε. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 θυγατέρων | det | high | |
| 10 | θυγατέρων | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N----GPF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 γάμον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on γάμον. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 Λευκίππου | det | high | |
| 12 | Λευκίππου | Λευκίππη | PROPN | N----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 θυγατέρων | nmod | high | Genitive identifying the daughters’ mother. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔγραψε | punct | high | |
| 14 | Μίκων | Μίκων | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἔγραψε | conj | high | Second coordinated subject under the shared verb ἔγραψε. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 14 Μίκων | cc | high | Correlative with μὲν. |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 πλεύσαντας | det | high | |
| 17 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 Ἰάσονος | case | high | |
| 18 | Ἰάσονος | Ἰάσων | PROPN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 πλεύσαντας | nmod | high | Genitive complement of μετὰ. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 Κόλχους | case | high | |
| 20 | Κόλχους | Κόλχος | PROPN | N----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 πλεύσαντας | obl | high | Goal of πλεύσαντας. |
| 21 | πλεύσαντας | πλέω | VERB | V-AAPAPM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἔγραψε | obj | high | Substantival accusative participle, coordinated semantically with the first depicted group. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔγραψε | punct | high |
καί οἱ τῆς γραφῆς ἡ σπουδὴ μάλιστα ἐς Ἄκαστον καὶ τοὺς ἵππους ἔχει τοὺς Ἀκάστου.
The construction means that the chief focus of the painting is on Acastus and on his horses; οἱ is treated as the enclitic personal pronoun rather than the article.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἔχει | cc | high | |
| 2 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 σπουδὴ | nsubj | medium | Enclitic οἱ is the personal pronoun, not the article; subject is semantically understood with σπουδή. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 γραφῆς | det | high | |
| 4 | γραφῆς | γραφή | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 σπουδὴ | nmod | high | |
| 5 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 σπουδὴ | det | high | |
| 6 | σπουδὴ | σπουδή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἔχει | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | Degree=Sup | 13 ἔχει | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 9 Ἄκαστον | case | high | |
| 9 | Ἄκαστον | Ἄκαστος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἔχει | obl | high | Personal name in the εἰς/ἐς phrase. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 ἵππους | cc | high | |
| 11 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἵππους | det | high | |
| 12 | ἵππους | ἵππος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἔχει | obj | high | |
| 13 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 Ἀκάστου | det | high | |
| 15 | Ἀκάστου | Ἄκαστος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἵππους | nmod | high | Genitive of possession: the horses of Acastus. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔχει | punct | high |