Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 1.18.8

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Passage 1.18.8

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

97Greek tokens

2,690input tokens

7,165output tokens

Sentence 1

1.18.8 sentence 1

Tokens: 53
Input: 1,133
Output: 3,688
Total: 4,821

κεῖται δὲ ἐπὶ κίονος Ἰσοκράτους ἀνδριάς, ὃς ἐς μνήμην τρία ὑπελίπετο, ἐπιπονώτατον μὲν ὅτι οἱ βιώσαντι ἔτη δυοῖν δέοντα ἑκατὸν οὔποτε κατελύθη μαθητὰς ἔχειν, σωφρονέστατον δὲ ὅτι πολιτείας ἀπεχόμενος διέμεινε καὶ τὰ κοινὰ οὐ πολυπραγμονῶν, ἐλευθερώτατον δὲ ὅτι πρὸς τὴν ἀγγελίαν τῆς ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ μάχης ἀλγήσας ἐτελεύτησεν ἐθελοντής.

The relative clause coordinates three predicative accusatives (ἐπιπονώτατον, σωφρονέστατον, ἐλευθερώτατον) governed by ὑπελίπετο; ὅτι introduces explanatory clauses. Token 17 οἱ is the dative article/pronominal form with βιώσαντι, and token 52 ἐθελοντής is a predicative nominative agreeing with the understood subject of ἐτελεύτησεν.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	κεῖται	κεῖμαι	VERB	V-PIA-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	6 ἀνδριάς	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 κεῖται	cc	high
3	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	4 κίονος	case	high
4	κίονος	κίων	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἀνδριάς	obl	high
5	Ἰσοκράτους	Ἰσοκράτης	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἀνδριάς	nmod	high
6	ἀνδριάς	ἀνδριάς	NOUN	N-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	0 ROOT	root	high	Predicate/subject of κεῖται.
7	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	6 ἀνδριάς	punct	high
8	ὃς	ὅς	PRON	P-RNS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	12 ὑπελίπετο	nsubj	high	Relative subject, agreeing with ἀνδριάς.
9	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	10 μνήμην	case	high
10	μνήμην	μνήμη	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 ὑπελίπετο	obl	high
11	τρία	τρεῖς	NUM	A-NAN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|NumType=Card\|Number=Plur	12 ὑπελίπετο	obj	high	Substantival neuter numeral: three things.
12	ὑπελίπετο	ὑπολείπω	VERB	V-IMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	6 ἀνδριάς	acl:relcl	high
13	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	12 ὑπελίπετο	punct	high
14	ἐπιπονώτατον	ἐπίπονος	ADJ	A-ASM-SUP	Case=Acc\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ὑπελίπετο	xcomp	high	First coordinated predicative accusative.
15	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	14 ἐπιπονώτατον	advmod	high
16	ὅτι	ὅτι	SCONJ	CONJ	_	14 ἐπιπονώτατον	mark	high	Explanatory clause.
17	οἱ	ὁ	PRON	P-D-DM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	18 βιώσαντι	iobj	medium	Dative pronoun/article form, ‘for him’; orthographically identical to article.
18	βιώσαντι	βιόω	VERB	V-APA-DMS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	24 κατελύθη	advcl	high	Dative circumstantial participle.
19	ἔτη	ἔτος	NOUN	N-ANP	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	18 βιώσαντι	obj	high
20	δυοῖν	δύο	NUM	A-GDN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|NumType=Card\|Number=Dual	21 δέοντα	nummod	medium	Genitive dual with δέοντα.
21	δέοντα	δέω	VERB	V-PAP-AGN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	19 ἔτη	acl	medium	‘lacking’; agrees with ἔτη, with δυοῖν specifying the shortfall.
22	ἑκατὸν	ἑκατόν	NUM	A-NAN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|NumType=Card\|Number=Sing	19 ἔτη	nummod	high	Numeral modifying the quantified age expression.
23	οὔποτε	οὔποτε	ADV	ADV	Polarity=Neg	24 κατελύθη	advmod	high
24	κατελύθη	καταλύω	VERB	V-API-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	16 ὅτι	ccomp	high	‘ceased/refrained’ from having pupils.
25	μαθητὰς	μαθητής	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 ἔχειν	obj	high
26	ἔχειν	ἔχω	VERB	V-PNA	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	24 κατελύθη	xcomp	high
27	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	24 κατελύθη	punct	high
28	σωφρονέστατον	σώφρων	ADJ	A-ASM-SUP	Case=Acc\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ὑπελίπετο	xcomp	high	Second coordinated predicative accusative.
29	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	28 σωφρονέστατον	cc	high
30	ὅτι	ὅτι	SCONJ	CONJ	_	28 σωφρονέστατον	mark	high
31	πολιτείας	πολιτεία	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	32 ἀπεχόμενος	obl	high
32	ἀπεχόμενος	ἀπέχω	VERB	V-PMP-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	33 διέμεινε	advcl	high
33	διέμεινε	διαμένω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	30 ὅτι	ccomp	high
34	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	38 πολυπραγμονῶν	cc	high
35	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	36 κοινὰ	det	high
36	κοινὰ	κοινός	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	38 πολυπραγμονῶν	obj	high	Substantivized adjective, public affairs.
37	οὐ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	38 πολυπραγμονῶν	advmod	high
38	πολυπραγμονῶν	πολυπραγμονέω	VERB	V-PAP-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	33 διέμεινε	advcl	high
39	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	33 διέμεινε	punct	high
40	ἐλευθερώτατον	ἐλεύθερος	ADJ	A-ASM-SUP	Case=Acc\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ὑπελίπετο	xcomp	high	Third coordinated predicative accusative.
41	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	40 ἐλευθερώτατον	cc	high
42	ὅτι	ὅτι	SCONJ	CONJ	_	40 ἐλευθερώτατον	mark	high
43	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	PREP	_	45 ἀγγελίαν	case	high
44	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	45 ἀγγελίαν	det	high
45	ἀγγελίαν	ἀγγελία	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	50 ἀλγήσας	obl	high
46	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	49 μάχης	det	high
47	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	48 Χαιρωνείᾳ	case	high
48	Χαιρωνείᾳ	Χαιρώνεια	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	49 μάχης	nmod	high
49	μάχης	μάχη	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	45 ἀγγελίαν	nmod	high
50	ἀλγήσας	ἀλγέω	VERB	V-AAP-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	51 ἐτελεύτησεν	advcl	high
51	ἐτελεύτησεν	τελευτάω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	42 ὅτι	ccomp	high
52	ἐθελοντής	ἐθελοντής	ADJ	A-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	51 ἐτελεύτησεν	xcomp	medium	Predicative adjective/noun, ‘willingly’; form is nominative.
53	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	1 κεῖται	punct	high

Sentence 2

1.18.8 sentence 2

Tokens: 18
Input: 717
Output: 1,432
Total: 2,149

κεῖνται δὲ καὶ λίθου Φρυγίου Πέρσαι χαλκοῦν τρίποδα ἀνέχοντες, θέας ἄξιοι καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ ὁ τρίπους.

κεῖνται is the root; Πέρσαι is nominative subject, with χαλκοῦν τρίποδα as its accusative object and ἀνέχοντες as a participial modifier. θέας ἄξιοι coordinates a predicative appraisal of the Persians and tripod; λίθου Φρυγίου is a genitive material/specification phrase modifying τρίποδα.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	κεῖνται	κεῖμαι	VERB	V-3PPI-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Present middle/passive-form verb, here stative ‘lie/stand’.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 κεῖνται	cc	high	Postpositive coordinating connective.
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 κεῖνται	cc	high	Coordinating/additive conjunction.
4	λίθου	λίθος	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 τρίποδα	nmod	medium	Genitive of material or specification modifying τρίποδα.
5	Φρυγίου	Φρύγιος	ADJ	A-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 λίθου	amod	high	Agrees with λίθου.
6	Πέρσαι	Πέρσης	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 κεῖνται	nsubj	high	Nominative subject of κεῖνται.
7	χαλκοῦν	χάλκεος	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 τρίποδα	amod	high	Agrees with τρίποδα; bronze.
8	τρίποδα	τρίπους	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 ἀνέχοντες	obj	medium	Accusative object of ἀνέχοντες; semantic construction may also allow an appositional/depictive reading with the subject.
9	ἀνέχοντες	ἀνέχω	VERB	V-PAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	6 Πέρσαι	acl	high	Present active participle agreeing with Πέρσαι, ‘holding up/supporting’.
10	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	1 κεῖνται	punct	high
11	θέας	θέα	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 ἄξιοι	nmod	high	Genitive of worth with ἄξιοι, ‘worthy of viewing’.
12	ἄξιοι	ἄξιος	ADJ	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 κεῖνται	xcomp	medium	Predicative adjective, with understood/copular relation to the displayed Persians and tripod.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	14 αὐτοὶ	cc	high	Coordinates the two subjects of ἄξιοι.
14	αὐτοὶ	αὐτός	PRON	P-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	12 ἄξιοι	nsubj	medium	Intensive pronoun, ‘they themselves’; first coordinated subject of ἄξιοι, referring to Πέρσαι.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	17 τρίπους	cc	high	Coordinates the second subject with αὐτοί.
16	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	17 τρίπους	det	high	Definite article agreeing with τρίπους.
17	τρίπους	τρίπους	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ἄξιοι	nsubj	high	Second coordinated nominative subject of ἄξιοι; the tripod.
18	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	1 κεῖνται	punct	high

Sentence 3

1.18.8 sentence 3

Tokens: 26
Input: 840
Output: 2,045
Total: 2,885

τοῦ δὲ Ὀλυμπίου Διὸς Δευκαλίωνα οἰκοδομῆσαι λέγουσι τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἱερόν, σημεῖον ἀποφαίνοντες ὡς Δευκαλίων Ἀθήνῃσιν ᾤκησε τάφον τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ νῦν οὐ πολὺ ἀφεστηκότα.

The supplied text has a difficult final phrase: τάφον τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ νῦν οὐ πολὺ ἀφεστηκότα is annotated with ἀφεστηκότα as an attributive participle linked to ναοῦ, while its accusative masculine form does not straightforwardly agree with that genitive noun.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	Art-Gen-Sg-Masc	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 Διὸς	det	high	Article with Ὀλυμπίου Διὸς.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Conj	_	7 λέγουσι	cc	high
3	Ὀλυμπίου	Ὀλύμπιος	ADJ	A-Gen-Sg-Masc	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 Διὸς	amod	high
4	Διὸς	Ζεύς	PROPN	N-Gen-Sg-Masc	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 οἰκοδομῆσαι	obl	high	Genitive dependent on οἰκοδομῆσαι, ‘of Olympian Zeus’.
5	Δευκαλίωνα	Δευκαλίων	PROPN	N-Acc-Sg-Masc	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 οἰκοδομῆσαι	obj	high	Accusative subject of infinitive.
6	οἰκοδομῆσαι	οἰκοδομέω	VERB	V-Aor-Act-Inf	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	7 λέγουσι	ccomp	high	Infinitival complement of λέγουσι.
7	λέγουσι	λέγω	VERB	V-Pres-Act-Ind-3Pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
8	τὸ	ὁ	DET	Art-Acc-Sg-Neut	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ἱερόν	det	high
9	ἀρχαῖον	ἀρχαῖος	ADJ	A-Acc-Sg-Neut	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ἱερόν	amod	high
10	ἱερόν	ἱερόν	NOUN	N-Acc-Sg-Neut	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 οἰκοδομῆσαι	obj	high	Object of οἰκοδομῆσαι.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7 λέγουσι	punct	high
12	σημεῖον	σημεῖον	NOUN	N-Acc-Sg-Neut	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 ἀποφαίνοντες	obj	high	Object of ἀποφαίνοντες.
13	ἀποφαίνοντες	ἀποφαίνω	VERB	V-Pres-Act-Part-Nom-Plur-Masc	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	7 λέγουσι	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle with λέγουσι.
14	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	Conj	_	13 ἀποφαίνοντες	mark	high	Introduces content clause.
15	Δευκαλίων	Δευκαλίων	PROPN	N-Nom-Sg-Masc	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 ᾤκησε	nsubj	high
16	Ἀθήνῃσιν	Ἀθῆναι	PROPN	N-Dat-Plur-Fem	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	17 ᾤκησε	obl	high	Locative dative/plural form.
17	ᾤκησε	οἰκέω	VERB	V-Aor-Act-Ind-3Sg	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	13 ἀποφαίνοντες	ccomp	high	Predicate of ὡς-clause.
18	τάφον	τάφος	NOUN	N-Acc-Sg-Masc	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 ᾤκησε	obj	medium	Text appears to use τάφον as object, though the intended sense may involve a tomb/monument near the temple.
19	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	Art-Gen-Sg-Masc	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 ναοῦ	det	high
20	ναοῦ	ναός	NOUN	N-Gen-Sg-Masc	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 τάφον	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on τάφον.
21	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	Art-Gen-Sg-Masc	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 ἀφεστηκότα	det	high	Article substantivizing νῦν as a temporal expression.
22	νῦν	νῦν	ADV	Adv	_	25 ἀφεστηκότα	advmod	high	‘Now/currently’ in τοῦ νῦν.
23	οὐ	οὐ	PART	Adv-Neg	Polarity=Neg	25 ἀφεστηκότα	advmod	high
24	πολὺ	πολύς	ADV	Adv-Acc-Sg-Neut	_	25 ἀφεστηκότα	advmod	high	Adverbial accusative modifying ἀφεστηκότα.
25	ἀφεστηκότα	ἀφίστημι	VERB	V-Perf-Act-Part-Acc-Sg-Masc	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	18 τάφον	acl	medium	Attributive participle modifying ναοῦ; agreement is formally masculine singular accusative in the supplied text, creating an elliptical/irregular construction.
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	7 λέγουσι	punct	high

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