Grammar parses for passage 1.18.8
Open translation for this passage
κεῖται δὲ ἐπὶ κίονος Ἰσοκράτους ἀνδριάς, ὃς ἐς μνήμην τρία ὑπελίπετο, ἐπιπονώτατον μὲν ὅτι οἱ βιώσαντι ἔτη δυοῖν δέοντα ἑκατὸν οὔποτε κατελύθη μαθητὰς ἔχειν, σωφρονέστατον δὲ ὅτι πολιτείας ἀπεχόμενος διέμεινε καὶ τὰ κοινὰ οὐ πολυπραγμονῶν, ἐλευθερώτατον δὲ ὅτι πρὸς τὴν ἀγγελίαν τῆς ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ μάχης ἀλγήσας ἐτελεύτησεν ἐθελοντής.
The sentence uses three correlative superlatives (ἐπιπονώτατον, σωφρονέστατον, ἐλευθερώτατον) each introducing a ὅτι-clause; several participial constructions are compressed and the token 17 οἱ is textually/morphologically awkward.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεῖται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-3SPI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 κεῖται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 κίονος | case | high | Takes genitive. |
| 4 | κίονος | κίων | NOUN | N--GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 κεῖται | obl | high | Prepositional phrase modifying κεῖται. |
| 5 | Ἰσοκράτους | Ἰσοκράτης | PROPN | Np-GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 κίονος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of κίονος. |
| 6 | ἀνδριάς | ἀνδριάς | NOUN | N--NSF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 κεῖται | nsubj | high | Subject of κεῖται. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κεῖται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 6 ἀνδριάς | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying ἀνδριάς. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 μνήμην | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 10 | μνήμην | μνήμη | NOUN | N--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ὑπελίπετο | obl | high | Prepositional complement. |
| 11 | τρία | τρεῖς | NUM | a-pnn--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ὑπελίπετο | obj | medium | Likely object of ὑπελίπετο, referring to three items. |
| 12 | ὑπελίπετο | ὑπολείπω | VERB | V-3SAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 8 ὃς | ccomp | high | Verb of the relative clause. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ὑπελίπετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | ἐπιπονώτατον | ἐπιπονώτατος | ADJ | A--NSN--- | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ὑπελίπετο | advcl | medium | Correlative superlative heading the πρώτη ὅτι-clause; syntax is compressed. |
| 15 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 14 ἐπιπονώτατον | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 16 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 κατελύθη | mark | high | Introduces content clause. |
| 17 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 βιώσαντι | nsubj | low | Text likely for βιώσαντι; form is odd here, but likely article/pronoun with dative participle. |
| 18 | βιώσαντι | βιόω | VERB | V-AAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 κατελύθη | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the subject of κατελύθη. |
| 19 | ἔτη | ἔτος | NOUN | N--APN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 βιώσαντι | obj | high | Accusative of extent/duration. |
| 20 | δυοῖν | δύο | NUM | a-d--- | Case=Dat|Number=Dual | 22 ἑκατὸν | nummod | high | Partitive/quantitative element. |
| 21 | δέοντα | δέω | VERB | V-PAP-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 ἔτη | amod | medium | Participial modifier of ἔτη, 'being short of'. |
| 22 | ἑκατὸν | ἑκατόν | NUM | a-s--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 ἔτη | nummod | high | Part of the numeral expression with ἔτη. |
| 23 | οὔποτε | οὔποτε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 24 κατελύθη | advmod | high | Adverb modifying κατελύθη. |
| 24 | κατελύθη | καταλύω | VERB | V-3SAPI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 16 ὅτι | ccomp | high | Finite verb of the ὅτι-clause. |
| 25 | μαθητὰς | μαθητής | NOUN | N--APM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἔχειν | obj | high | Object of ἔχειν. |
| 26 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAN---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 24 κατελύθη | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 κατελύθη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 28 | σωφρονέστατον | σώφρων | ADJ | A--NSN--- | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 κατελύθη | advcl | medium | Second correlative superlative heading another ὅτι-clause. |
| 29 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 28 σωφρονέστατον | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 30 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 33 διέμεινε | mark | high | Introduces content clause. |
| 31 | πολιτείας | πολιτεία | NOUN | N--GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ἀπεχόμενος | obl | high | Object of ἀπεχόμενος with genitive. |
| 32 | ἀπεχόμενος | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-PMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 33 διέμεινε | advcl | high | Participle modifying the subject of διέμεινε. |
| 33 | διέμεινε | διαμένω | VERB | V-3SAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 30 ὅτι | ccomp | high | Finite verb of the second ὅτι-clause. |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 33 διέμεινε | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 35 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-APN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 36 κοινὰ | obj | high | Article modifying κοινὰ. |
| 36 | κοινὰ | κοινός | ADJ | A--APN--- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 38 πολυπραγμονῶν | obj | high | Object-like phrase with πολυπραγμονῶν. |
| 37 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 38 πολυπραγμονῶν | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 38 | πολυπραγμονῶν | πολυπραγμονέω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 33 διέμεινε | advcl | high | Second participial modifier coordinated with ἀπεχόμενος. |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 διέμεινε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 40 | ἐλευθερώτατον | ἐλεύθερος | ADJ | A--NSN--- | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 διέμεινε | advcl | medium | Third correlative superlative heading the final ὅτι-clause. |
| 41 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 40 ἐλευθερώτατον | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 42 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 51 ἐτελεύτησεν | mark | high | Introduces content clause. |
| 43 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 45 ἀγγελίαν | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 44 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 45 ἀγγελίαν | det | high | Article. |
| 45 | ἀγγελίαν | ἀγγελία | NOUN | N--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 50 ἀλγήσας | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 46 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 49 μάχης | det | high | Article. |
| 47 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 48 Χαιρωνείᾳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 48 | Χαιρωνείᾳ | Χαιρώνεια | PROPN | Np-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 49 μάχης | nmod | high | Locative modifier. |
| 49 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N--GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 45 ἀγγελίαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἀγγελίαν. |
| 50 | ἀλγήσας | ἀλγέω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 51 ἐτελεύτησεν | advcl | high | Participial clause preceding the main finite verb. |
| 51 | ἐτελεύτησεν | τελευτάω | VERB | V-3SAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 42 ὅτι | ccomp | high | Finite verb of the final ὅτι-clause. |
| 52 | ἐθελοντής | ἐθελοντής | NOUN | N--NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 51 ἐτελεύτησεν | advmod | medium | Predicate/adverbial noun meaning 'voluntarily'; analysis somewhat uncertain. |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κεῖται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
κεῖνται δὲ καὶ λίθου Φρυγίου Πέρσαι χαλκοῦν τρίποδα ἀνέχοντες, θέας ἄξιοι καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ ὁ τρίπους.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: κεῖνται is the main verb, with a participial phrase about the Persians and a predicate adjective phrase ἄξιοι θέας governing coordinated nominals.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεῖνται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-3PPI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb, main predicate. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 κεῖνται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 Πέρσαι | cc | medium | Connects the participial phrase to the previous material. |
| 4 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N------GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Φρυγίου | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Φρυγίου. |
| 5 | Φρυγίου | Φρύγιος | ADJ | A------GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Πέρσαι | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying λίθου. |
| 6 | Πέρσαι | Πέρσης | NOUN | N-P---NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 κεῖνται | nsubj | medium | Subject of κεῖνται; phrase with participle follows. |
| 7 | χαλκοῦν | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A-S---ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 τρίποδα | amod | high | Modifies τρίποδα. |
| 8 | τρίποδα | τρίπους | NOUN | N-S---ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνέχοντες | obj | high | Object of ἀνέχοντες. |
| 9 | ἀνέχοντες | ἀνέχω | VERB | V-PPA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 Πέρσαι | advcl | high | Participial clause describing the Persians. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀνέχοντες | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | θέας | θέα | NOUN | N-S---GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἄξιοι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἄξιοι. |
| 12 | ἄξιοι | ἄξιος | ADJ | A-----NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 κεῖνται | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with copula κεῖνται. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 αὐτοὶ | cc | high | Joins αὐτοὶ and ὁ τρίπους. |
| 14 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | A-----NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἄξιοι | conj | medium | Coordinates with ἄξιοι as part of the predicate. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 τρίπους | cc | high | Joins αὐτοὶ and τρίπους. |
| 16 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 τρίπους | det | high | Definite article. |
| 17 | τρίπους | τρίπους | NOUN | N-S---NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἄξιοι | conj | medium | Coordinates with αὐτοὶ in the predicate. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κεῖνται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τοῦ δὲ Ὀλυμπίου Διὸς Δευκαλίωνα οἰκοδομῆσαι λέγουσι τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἱερόν, σημεῖον ἀποφαίνοντες ὡς Δευκαλίων Ἀθήνῃσιν ᾤκησε τάφον τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ νῦν οὐ πολὺ ἀφεστηκότα.
The syntax is compressed: ἀποφαίνοντες introduces a participial comment, and the final participial phrase ἀφεστηκότα is best taken as modifying τάφον within the reported clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Διὸς | det | high | Article modifying Διὸς. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 λέγουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ὀλυμπίου | Ὀλύμπιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Διὸς | amod | high | Attributive modifier of Διὸς. |
| 4 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Δευκαλίωνα | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject of infinitive; could be construed as genitive dependent on the infinitive clause. |
| 5 | Δευκαλίωνα | Δευκαλίων | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 οἰκοδομῆσαι | obj | high | Accusative subject/object with infinitive οἰκοδομῆσαι. |
| 6 | οἰκοδομῆσαι | οἰκοδομέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 λέγουσι | xcomp | high | Complement of λέγουσι. |
| 7 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἱερόν | det | high | Article modifying ἱερόν. |
| 9 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἱερόν | amod | high | Attributive adjective. |
| 10 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 οἰκοδομῆσαι | obj | high | Object of οἰκοδομῆσαι. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λέγουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | σημεῖον | σημεῖον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἀποφαίνοντες | obj | high | Object of ἀποφαίνοντες. |
| 13 | ἀποφαίνοντες | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 λέγουσι | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying λέγουσι. |
| 14 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 17 ᾤκησε | mark | high | Marks reported content. |
| 15 | Δευκαλίων | Δευκαλίων | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ᾤκησε | nsubj | high | Subject of ᾤκησε. |
| 16 | Ἀθήνῃσιν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ᾤκησε | obl | medium | Locative dative, likely 'at Athens'. |
| 17 | ᾤκησε | οἰκέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 ἀποφαίνοντες | ccomp | high | Finite clause reported by ὡς. |
| 18 | τάφον | τάφος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἀφεστηκότα | obj | high | Object of ἀφεστηκότα. |
| 19 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ναοῦ | det | high | Article modifying ναοῦ. |
| 20 | ναοῦ | ναός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 τάφον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τάφον. |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 νῦν | det | high | Article modifying νῦν. |
| 22 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | _ | _ | 20 ναοῦ | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀφεστηκότα via the genitive phrase. |
| 23 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 24 πολὺ | advmod | high | Negation of πολὺ. |
| 24 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἀφεστηκότα | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative modifying participle. |
| 25 | ἀφεστηκότα | ἀφεστήκω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ᾤκησε | obj | medium | Participial phrase dependent on ᾤκησε; parsed as accusative agreeing with τάφον, though syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λέγουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |