Grammar parses for passage 1.19.4
Open translation for this passage
ἐς τοῦτον τὸν Νῖσον ἔχει λόγος τρίχας ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ οἱ πορφυρᾶς εἶναι, χρῆναι δὲ αὐτὸν τελευτᾶν ἐπὶ ταύταις ἀποκαρείσαις·
The sentence contains an accusative-and-infinitive report construction: λόγος ... τρίχας ... εἶναι, followed by coordinated χρῆναι with a second accusative subject αὐτόν. Token 11 οἱ is textually problematic and is left explicitly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 5 ἔχει | case | high | |
| 2 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | PD-MS-AM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 Νῖσον | det | high | |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Νῖσον | det | high | |
| 4 | Νῖσον | Νῖσος | PROPN | NP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔχει | obl | high | |
| 5 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔχει | nsubj | high | Impersonal expression ἔχει λόγος, ‘there is a report’; alternatively λόγος may be analyzed as a predicate-like complement. |
| 7 | τρίχας | θρίξ | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι; spelling/orthography has τρίχας. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 10 κεφαλῇ | case | high | |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 κεφαλῇ | det | high | |
| 10 | κεφαλῇ | κεφαλή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 τρίχας | nmod | high | |
| 11 | οἱ | οἱ | PART | Q-- | _ | 12 πορφυρᾶς | advmod | low | Text is difficult: οἱ may be a corrupt or dialectal form; likely intended as an adverbial particle/variant associated with πορφυρᾶς. |
| 12 | πορφυρᾶς | πορφυρόεις | ADJ | A--APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 τρίχας | amod | medium | Agrees with τρίχας; form may reflect a textual/orthographic variant. |
| 13 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 λόγος | ccomp | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 εἶναι | punct | high | |
| 15 | χρῆναι | χρή | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 λόγος | conj | high | Impersonal infinitive coordinated with εἶναι under λόγος. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 χρῆναι | cc | high | |
| 17 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P---ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 18 τελευτᾶν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of τελευτᾶν. |
| 18 | τελευτᾶν | τελευτάω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 χρῆναι | xcomp | high | |
| 19 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 20 ταύταις | case | high | Here with dative: ‘because of/on account of’ or ‘depending on’. |
| 20 | ταύταις | οὗτος | DET | PD-PDF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 18 τελευτᾶν | obl | high | |
| 21 | ἀποκαρείσαις | ἀποκείρω | VERB | V-AAP-DF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 20 ταύταις | acl | medium | Aorist passive participle agreeing with ταύταις; ‘after these have been cut off.’ |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔχει | punct | high |
ὡς δὲ οἱ Κρῆτες ἦλθον ἐς τὴν γῆν, τὰς μὲν ἄλλας ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς ᾕρουν τὰς ἐν τῇ Μεγαρίδι πόλεις, ἐς δὲ τὴν Νίσαιαν καταφεύγοντα τὸν Νῖσον ἐπολιόρκουν·
ὡς introduces a temporal subordinate clause. In the main clause, τὰς μὲν ἄλλας ... πόλεις is the object of ᾕρουν, while τὸν Νῖσον is the object of ἐπολιόρκουν; καταφεύγοντα is a coordinated accusative participle agreeing with Νῖσον, probably circumstantial. The form ᾕρουν is imperfect of αἱρέω with augment and contracted spelling; ἐπολιόρκουν is imperfect of πολιορκέω.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CS | PronType=Rel | 5 ἦλθον | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 5 ἦλθον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Κρῆτες | det | high | |
| 4 | Κρῆτες | Κρής | PROPN | NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἦλθον | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 5 | ἦλθον | ἔρχομαι | VERB | VAAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 29 ἐπολιόρκουν | advcl | high | Aorist indicative in the ὡς-clause. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 8 γῆν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 γῆν | det | high | |
| 8 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἦλθον | obl | high | Goal complement of ἦλθον. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦλθον | punct | high | |
| 10 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 ἄλλας | det | high | |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Q | _ | 15 ᾕρουν | advmod | high | Correlative particle paired with δέ. |
| 12 | ἄλλας | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--PAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 20 πόλεις | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, modified by τὰς. |
| 13 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 14 ἐπιδρομῆς | case | high | Variant form of ἐκ. |
| 14 | ἐπιδρομῆς | ἐπιδρομή | NOUN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ᾕρουν | obl | high | Manner/source expression, ‘by a sudden attack’. |
| 15 | ᾕρουν | αἱρέω | VERB | VIAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 29 ἐπολιόρκουν | conj | high | Imperfect; orthographic form with initial rough breathing and contracted stem. |
| 16 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 πόλεις | det | high | |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 19 Μεγαρίδι | case | high | |
| 18 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Μεγαρίδι | det | high | |
| 19 | Μεγαρίδι | Μεγαρίς | PROPN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 πόλεις | nmod | high | Region name in the dative after ἐν. |
| 20 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N--PAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ᾕρουν | obj | high | Object of ᾕρουν; τὰς ἄλλας is its left-dislocated/expanded determiner-adjective phrase. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ᾕρουν | punct | high | |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 25 Νίσαιαν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 29 ἐπολιόρκουν | cc | high | Second member of the μὲν ... δέ contrast. |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 Νίσαιαν | det | high | |
| 25 | Νίσαιαν | Νίσαια | PROPN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπολιόρκουν | obl | high | Goal/place complement of ἐπολιόρκουν. |
| 26 | καταφεύγοντα | καταφεύγω | VERB | VPAPASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 Νῖσον | acl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with τὸν Νῖσον; circumstantial, ‘fleeing for refuge’. |
| 27 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 Νῖσον | det | high | |
| 28 | Νῖσον | Νῖσος | PROPN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπολιόρκουν | obj | high | Object of ἐπολιόρκουν; modified by the participle καταφεύγοντα. |
| 29 | ἐπολιόρκουν | πολιορκέω | VERB | VIAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐπολιόρκουν | punct | high |