Grammar parses for passage 1.19.4
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ ὄπισθεν τοῦ Λυκ ε ίου Νίσου μνῆμα, ὃν ἀποθανόντα ὑπὸ Μίνω βασιλεύοντα Μεγάρων κομίσαντες Ἀθηναῖοι ταύτῃ θάπτουσιν.
The place-name Λυκείου is split into tokens 5–7, so those fragments are conservatively analyzed as a flat proper-name sequence; the relative clause modifies μνῆμα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 μνῆμα | cop | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 μνῆμα | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὄπισθεν | ὄπισθεν | ADP | ADV | _ | 8 Νίσου | case | medium | Postposition governing the genitive phrase. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Λυκ | det | high | |
| 5 | Λυκ | Λύκειον | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 Νίσου | nmod | low | Token split inside the place-name Λυκείου; morphology is uncertain. |
| 6 | ε | Λύκειον | PROPN | X | _ | 5 Λυκ | flat | low | Token split inside the place-name Λυκείου. |
| 7 | ίου | Λύκειον | PROPN | X | _ | 5 Λυκ | flat | low | Token split inside the place-name Λυκείου. |
| 8 | Νίσου | Νῖσος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 μνῆμα | nmod | high | |
| 9 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 9 μνῆμα | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | R-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 θάπτουσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun is object of θάπτουσιν. |
| 12 | ἀποθανόντα | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 Μίνω | advcl | medium | Aorist participle in the relative clause; semantically linked with Μίνω. |
| 13 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 ἀποθανόντα | case | high | |
| 14 | Μίνω | Μίνως | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀποθανόντα | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive sense implied by ἀποθανόντα under ὑπό. |
| 15 | βασιλεύοντα | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 Μίνω | acl | medium | Participial modifier of Μίνω, with Μεγάρων as its genitive complement. |
| 16 | Μεγάρων | Μέγαρα | PROPN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 βασιλεύοντα | obl | high | |
| 17 | κομίσαντες | κομίζω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 θάπτουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with Ἀθηναῖοι as its understood subject. |
| 18 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 θάπτουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | ADV | D-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 θάπτουσιν | advmod | medium | Dative of place/direction, ‘this way/here’. |
| 20 | θάπτουσιν | θάπτω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 μνῆμα | acl:relcl | high | |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 9 μνῆμα | punct | high |
ἐς τοῦτον τὸν Νῖσον ἔχει λόγος τρίχας ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ οἱ πορφυρᾶς εἶναι, χρῆναι δὲ αὐτὸν τελευτᾶν ἐπὶ ταύταις ἀποκαρείσαις·
The sentence contains an accusative-and-infinitive report construction: λόγος ... τρίχας ... εἶναι, followed by coordinated χρῆναι with a second accusative subject αὐτόν. Token 11 οἱ is textually problematic and is left explicitly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 5 ἔχει | case | high | |
| 2 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | PD-MS-AM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 Νῖσον | det | high | |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Νῖσον | det | high | |
| 4 | Νῖσον | Νῖσος | PROPN | NP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔχει | obl | high | |
| 5 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔχει | nsubj | high | Impersonal expression ἔχει λόγος, ‘there is a report’; alternatively λόγος may be analyzed as a predicate-like complement. |
| 7 | τρίχας | θρίξ | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι; spelling/orthography has τρίχας. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 10 κεφαλῇ | case | high | |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 κεφαλῇ | det | high | |
| 10 | κεφαλῇ | κεφαλή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 τρίχας | nmod | high | |
| 11 | οἱ | οἱ | PART | Q-- | _ | 12 πορφυρᾶς | advmod | low | Text is difficult: οἱ may be a corrupt or dialectal form; likely intended as an adverbial particle/variant associated with πορφυρᾶς. |
| 12 | πορφυρᾶς | πορφυρόεις | ADJ | A--APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 τρίχας | amod | medium | Agrees with τρίχας; form may reflect a textual/orthographic variant. |
| 13 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 λόγος | ccomp | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 εἶναι | punct | high | |
| 15 | χρῆναι | χρή | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 λόγος | conj | high | Impersonal infinitive coordinated with εἶναι under λόγος. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 χρῆναι | cc | high | |
| 17 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P---ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 18 τελευτᾶν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of τελευτᾶν. |
| 18 | τελευτᾶν | τελευτάω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 χρῆναι | xcomp | high | |
| 19 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 20 ταύταις | case | high | Here with dative: ‘because of/on account of’ or ‘depending on’. |
| 20 | ταύταις | οὗτος | DET | PD-PDF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 18 τελευτᾶν | obl | high | |
| 21 | ἀποκαρείσαις | ἀποκείρω | VERB | V-AAP-DF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 20 ταύταις | acl | medium | Aorist passive participle agreeing with ταύταις; ‘after these have been cut off.’ |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔχει | punct | high |
ὡς δὲ οἱ Κρῆτες ἦλθον ἐς τὴν γῆν, τὰς μὲν ἄλλας ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς ᾕρουν τὰς ἐν τῇ Μεγαρίδι πόλεις, ἐς δὲ τὴν Νίσαιαν καταφεύγοντα τὸν Νῖσον ἐπολιόρκουν·
ὡς introduces a temporal subordinate clause. In the main clause, τὰς μὲν ἄλλας ... πόλεις is the object of ᾕρουν, while τὸν Νῖσον is the object of ἐπολιόρκουν; καταφεύγοντα is a coordinated accusative participle agreeing with Νῖσον, probably circumstantial. The form ᾕρουν is imperfect of αἱρέω with augment and contracted spelling; ἐπολιόρκουν is imperfect of πολιορκέω.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CS | PronType=Rel | 5 ἦλθον | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 5 ἦλθον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Κρῆτες | det | high | |
| 4 | Κρῆτες | Κρής | PROPN | NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἦλθον | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 5 | ἦλθον | ἔρχομαι | VERB | VAAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 29 ἐπολιόρκουν | advcl | high | Aorist indicative in the ὡς-clause. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 8 γῆν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 γῆν | det | high | |
| 8 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἦλθον | obl | high | Goal complement of ἦλθον. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦλθον | punct | high | |
| 10 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 ἄλλας | det | high | |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Q | _ | 15 ᾕρουν | advmod | high | Correlative particle paired with δέ. |
| 12 | ἄλλας | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--PAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 20 πόλεις | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, modified by τὰς. |
| 13 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 14 ἐπιδρομῆς | case | high | Variant form of ἐκ. |
| 14 | ἐπιδρομῆς | ἐπιδρομή | NOUN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ᾕρουν | obl | high | Manner/source expression, ‘by a sudden attack’. |
| 15 | ᾕρουν | αἱρέω | VERB | VIAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 29 ἐπολιόρκουν | conj | high | Imperfect; orthographic form with initial rough breathing and contracted stem. |
| 16 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 πόλεις | det | high | |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 19 Μεγαρίδι | case | high | |
| 18 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Μεγαρίδι | det | high | |
| 19 | Μεγαρίδι | Μεγαρίς | PROPN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 πόλεις | nmod | high | Region name in the dative after ἐν. |
| 20 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N--PAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ᾕρουν | obj | high | Object of ᾕρουν; τὰς ἄλλας is its left-dislocated/expanded determiner-adjective phrase. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ᾕρουν | punct | high | |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 25 Νίσαιαν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 29 ἐπολιόρκουν | cc | high | Second member of the μὲν ... δέ contrast. |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 Νίσαιαν | det | high | |
| 25 | Νίσαιαν | Νίσαια | PROPN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπολιόρκουν | obl | high | Goal/place complement of ἐπολιόρκουν. |
| 26 | καταφεύγοντα | καταφεύγω | VERB | VPAPASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 Νῖσον | acl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with τὸν Νῖσον; circumstantial, ‘fleeing for refuge’. |
| 27 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 Νῖσον | det | high | |
| 28 | Νῖσον | Νῖσος | PROPN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπολιόρκουν | obj | high | Object of ἐπολιόρκουν; modified by the participle καταφεύγοντα. |
| 29 | ἐπολιόρκουν | πολιορκέω | VERB | VIAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐπολιόρκουν | punct | high |
ἐνταῦθα τοῦ Νίσου λέγεται θυγατέρα ἐρασθῆναι Μίνω καὶ ὡς ἀπέκειρε τὰς τρίχας τοῦ πατρός.
Impersonal λέγεται governs an accusative-and-infinitive report; ὡς introduces a coordinated subsequent action, with the daughter as understood subject of ἀπέκειρε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | Adverb | PronType=Dem | 4 λέγεται | advmod | high | |
| 2 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-d----g-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Νίσου | det | high | |
| 3 | Νίσου | Νῖσος | PROPN | Nbmg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 θυγατέρα | nmod | high | Dependent genitive: daughter of Nisus. |
| 4 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V3ppie-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive reporting construction. |
| 5 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | Nbf----a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐρασθῆναι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive; also object-like accusative in the reported clause. |
| 6 | ἐρασθῆναι | ἐράω | VERB | V--ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 4 λέγεται | ccomp | high | Infinitive governed by λέγεται; passive form with deponent/intransitive sense ‘to fall in love’. |
| 7 | Μίνω | Μίνως | PROPN | Nbma | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐρασθῆναι | obl | high | Accusative object/person loved with ἐράω. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἀπέκειρε | cc | high | |
| 9 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 10 ἀπέκειρε | mark | medium | Introduces the following reported/content clause; could alternatively be read as an adverbial connector. |
| 10 | ἀπέκειρε | ἀποκείρω | VERB | V3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 ἐρασθῆναι | conj | medium | Coordinated second predicate in the reported account, with omitted subject (the daughter). |
| 11 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-afp---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 τρίχας | det | high | |
| 12 | τρίχας | θρίξ | NOUN | Ncfpaa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἀπέκειρε | obj | high | |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-gsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 πατρός | det | high | |
| 14 | πατρός | πατήρ | NOUN | Ncgm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 τρίχας | nmod | high | Possessive genitive: the father's hair. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 λέγεται | punct | high |