Grammar parses for passage 1.19.5
Open translation for this passage
ποταμοὶ δὲ Ἀθηναίοις ῥέουσιν Ἰλισός τε καὶ Ἠριδανῷ τῷ Κελτικῷ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ὄνομα ἔχων, ἐκδιδοὺς ἐς τὸν Ἰλισόν.
The finite verb ῥέουσιν has coordinated subjects Ἰλισός and Ἠριδανῷ; Ἠριδανῷ is a dative-form proper name, while the participles are supplementary/relative descriptive predicates. The phrase τῷ Κελτικῷ modifies Ἠριδανῷ, and κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ὄνομα ἔχων means 'having the same name'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ποταμοὶ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-----MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ῥέουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ῥέουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-D---MP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ῥέουσιν | iobj | medium | Dative of association/possession: rivers for the Athenians. |
| 4 | ῥέουσιν | ῥέω | VERB | V3PPAAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | Ἰλισός | Ἰλισός | PROPN | N-----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ῥέουσιν | conj | medium | Coordinated proper-name subject; nominative expected. |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 Ἰλισός | cc | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 Ἠριδανῷ | cc | medium | Coordinates Ἠριδανῷ with Ἰλισός; attachment is structurally uncertain. |
| 8 | Ἠριδανῷ | Ἠριδανός | PROPN | N-D---MS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ῥέουσιν | conj | low | Form is dative, although coordinated river subject would normally be nominative; text may reflect an irregular/name form or transmitted issue. |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-D---MS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Κελτικῷ | det | high | |
| 10 | Κελτικῷ | Κελτικός | ADJ | A-D---MS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ἠριδανῷ | amod | high | Substantivally/attributively identifies the Celtic Eridanus. |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 ὄνομα | case | high | |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-AP---N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 αὐτὰ | det | high | |
| 13 | αὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | P-AP---N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ὄνομα | amod | medium | Accusative neuter plural with ὄνομα, idiomatically 'the same'. |
| 14 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-AS---N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἔχων | obj | high | |
| 15 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 Ἠριδανῷ | acl | medium | Predicative participle; likely describes Ἠριδανῷ/the river name phrase. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐκδιδοὺς | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἐκδιδοὺς | ἐκδίδωμι | VERB | V-PAP-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ῥέουσιν | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle, probably referring to Ἰλισός or the river subject; semantic attachment is uncertain. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 Ἰλισόν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 19 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-AS---M- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Ἰλισόν | det | high | |
| 20 | Ἰλισόν | Ἰλισός | PROPN | N-AS---M- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐκδιδοὺς | obl | high | Goal of ἐκδίδωμι: 'emptying/discharging into the Ilisus'. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ῥέουσιν | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ Ἰλισός ἐστιν οὗτος, ἔνθα παίζουσαν Ὠρείθυιαν ὑπὸ ἀνέμου Βορέου φασὶν ἁρπασθῆναι·
The demonstrative copular clause identifies the Ilissus; φασίν introduces an accusative-and-infinitive report, with Ὠρείθυιαν as the infinitive's accusative subject and ἔνθα locating the event.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἰλισός | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 Ἰλισός | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἰλισός | Ἰλισός | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V--SPI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular clause; οὗτος is predicative. |
| 5 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | P--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative demonstrative with εἰσιν. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 ἁρπασθῆναι | advmod | high | Locative relative adverb introducing the infinitival content. |
| 8 | παίζουσαν | παίζω | VERB | V--PPA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 Ὠρείθυιαν | acl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Ὠρείθυιαν. |
| 9 | Ὠρείθυιαν | Ὠρείθυια | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἁρπασθῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the passive infinitive. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 ἀνέμου | case | high | |
| 11 | ἀνέμου | ἄνεμος | NOUN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἁρπασθῆναι | obl:agent | high | Agent phrase with passive ἁρπασθῆναι. |
| 12 | Βορέου | Βορέας | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀνέμου | nmod | high | Specifies the wind, ἀνέμου. |
| 13 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V--SPI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐστιν | parataxis | medium | Impersonal/plural-reporting parenthetical governing the infinitive. |
| 14 | ἁρπασθῆναι | ἁρπάζω | VERB | V--APN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 13 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Accusative-and-infinitive complement of φασίν. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high |
καὶ συνοικεῖν Ὠρειθυίᾳ Βορέαν καί σφισι διὰ τὸ κῆδος ἀμύναντα τῶν τριήρων τῶν βαρβαρικῶν ἀπολέσαι τὰς πολλάς.
Infinitival continuation: Boreas is the subject of συνοικεῖν and ἀπολέσαι; ἀμύναντα is an accusative masculine singular participle agreeing with Boreas and modifying ἀπολέσαι. The object τὰς πολλάς is elliptical for τὰς πολλὰς τριήρεις; confidence is reduced because the sentence is excerpted and κῆδος may be read with a concessive/causal διά phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | τε καί | _ | 2 συνοικεῖν | cc | high | |
| 2 | συνοικεῖν | συνοικέω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Infinitive in continuation of an omitted governing construction. |
| 3 | Ὠρειθυίᾳ | Ὠρειθυία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 συνοικεῖν | obl | high | Dative with συνοικεῖν, ‘with Oreithyia’. |
| 4 | Βορέαν | Βορέας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 συνοικεῖν | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 5 | καί | καί | CCONJ | τε καί | _ | 15 ἀπολέσαι | cc | high | |
| 6 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 10 ἀμύναντα | iobj | medium | Third-person plural dative pronoun; antecedent is context-dependent. |
| 7 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R | _ | 9 κῆδος | case | high | |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 κῆδος | det | high | |
| 9 | κῆδος | κῆδος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἀμύναντα | obl | medium | διά with accusative expresses cause or motive. |
| 10 | ἀμύναντα | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-S-AAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἀπολέσαι | advcl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with Boreas; likely circumstantial to ἀπολέσαι. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 τριήρων | det | high | |
| 12 | τριήρων | τριήρης | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἀμύναντα | obj | medium | Genitive object of ἀμύνω in the sense ‘defend against’; construction is somewhat irregular. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 βαρβαρικῶν | det | high | |
| 14 | βαρβαρικῶν | βαρβαρικός | ADJ | A-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 τριήρων | amod | high | Agrees with τριήρων. |
| 15 | ἀπολέσαι | ἀπόλλυμι | VERB | V-S-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 2 συνοικεῖν | conj | medium | Second coordinated infinitive; Boreas is its accusative subject. |
| 16 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 πολλάς | det | high | |
| 17 | πολλάς | πολύς | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ἀπολέσαι | obj | medium | Substantival adjective, probably elliptical for ‘the many [triremes]’. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 συνοικεῖν | punct | high |
ἐθέλουσι δὲ Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ ἄλλων θεῶν ἱερὸν εἶναι τὸν Ἰλισόν, καὶ Μουσῶν βωμὸς ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἐστιν Ἰλισιάδων·
The first clause has an accusative-and-infinitive construction: Ἀθηναῖοι θέλουσι τὸν Ἰλισὸν ἱερὸν εἶναι, with ἱερόν as the predicate accusative. The second clause is existential; Ἰλισιάδων is a genitive dependent on βωμός, probably specifying the Muses (or their cult) associated with the altar.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐθέλουσι | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Cــــ | _ | 1 ἐθέλουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐθέλουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cــــ | _ | 5 ἄλλων | cc | high | Coordinates ἄλλων with an understood or contextually supplied set of gods; syntactically within the genitive phrase. |
| 5 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 θεῶν | amod | high | |
| 6 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | |
| 7 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative in the accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 8 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἐθέλουσι | xcomp | high | |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Ἰλισόν | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἰλισόν | Ἰλισός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐθέλουσι | punct | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cــــ | _ | 17 ἐστιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the preceding clause. |
| 13 | Μουσῶν | Μοῦσα | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 βωμὸς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βωμός. |
| 14 | βωμὸς | βωμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 16 αὐτῷ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 16 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 βωμὸς | obl | high | Refers to the Ilisus; dative governed by ἐπί. |
| 17 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἐθέλουσι | conj | high | |
| 18 | Ἰλισιάδων | Ἰλισιάς | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 βωμὸς | nmod | medium | Likely a genitive plural proper name/epithet associated with the altar; exact referent or semantic relation is uncertain. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐστιν | punct | high |