Grammar parses for passage 1.19.5
Open translation for this passage
ταῦτα μὲν οὕτω γενέσθαι λέγουσι·
Indirect statement: λέγουσι governs infinitival clause γενέσθαι with ταῦτα as its understood subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-NPN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Dem | 4 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Subject of infinitive γενέσθαι in indirect statement. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 ταῦτα | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | Df | _ | 4 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | Modifies γενέσθαι. |
| 4 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-ANM | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 5 λέγουσι | ccomp | medium | Infinitive in indirect speech; aspect label tentative. |
| 5 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 λέγουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ποταμοὶ δὲ Ἀθηναίοις ῥέουσιν Ἰλισός τε καὶ Ἠριδανῷ τῷ Κελτικῷ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ὄνομα ἔχων, ἐκδιδοὺς ἐς τὸν Ἰλισόν.
The clause is headed by ῥέουσιν with two coordinated dative obliques; the participles ἔχων and ἐκδιδοὺς attach as modifying participial phrases, with ἐκδιδοὺς slightly uncertain in relation to ἔχων vs. the main clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ποταμοὶ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ῥέουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ῥέουσιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 ῥέουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ῥέουσιν | obl | high | Dative of respect/interest with ῥέουσιν. |
| 4 | ῥέουσιν | ῥέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 5 | Ἰλισός | Ἰλισός | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ποταμοὶ | appos | medium | Likely apposition/exemplification to ποταμοί. |
| 6 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 5 Ἰλισός | discourse | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 Ἠριδανῷ | cc | high | Coordinates with Ἰλισός. |
| 8 | Ἠριδανῷ | Ἠριδανός | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ῥέουσιν | obl | high | Second dative oblique, coordinated with Ἀθηναίοις. |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Κελτικῷ | det | high | Article modifying Κελτικῷ. |
| 10 | Κελτικῷ | Κελτικός | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ἠριδανῷ | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying Ἠριδανῷ. |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 14 ὄνομα | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ὄνομα | det | high | Article modifying ὄνομα. |
| 13 | αὐτὰ | αὐτός | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ὄνομα | amod | high | Attributive modifier of ὄνομα. |
| 14 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἔχων | obj | high | Object of ἔχων. |
| 15 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ποταμοὶ | acl | high | Participial modifier of Ἰλισός. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἔχων | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | ἐκδιδοὺς | ἐκδίδωμι | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ποταμοὶ | conj | medium | Participial adjunct coordinated/parallel to ἔχων; syntax slightly uncertain. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 20 Ἰλισόν | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 19 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Ἰλισόν | det | high | Article modifying Ἰλισόν. |
| 20 | Ἰλισόν | Ἰλισός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐκδιδοὺς | obl | high | Goal/complement of ἐκδιδοὺς. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ῥέουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καὶ συνοικεῖν Ὠρειθυίᾳ Βορέαν καί σφισι διὰ τὸ κῆδος ἀμύναντα τῶν τριήρων τῶν βαρβαρικῶν ἀπολέσαι τὰς πολλάς.
The syntax is compressed and somewhat indirect: an infinitival clause with coordinated infinitives, plus a participial phrase modifying Βορέαν and an accusative object πολλάς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 2 συνοικεῖν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction introducing infinitival coordination. |
| 2 | συνοικεῖν | συνοικέω | VERB | V-PAINF | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main infinitive, likely dependent on an omitted governing verb from context. |
| 3 | Ὠρειθυίᾳ | Ὠρείθυια | PROPN | N-P---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 συνοικεῖν | obl | high | Dative complement of συνοικεῖν. |
| 4 | Βορέαν | Βορέας | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀμύναντα | obj | medium | Likely subject of the participle ἀμύναντα in indirect statement sense, though syntax is compressed. |
| 5 | καί | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 ἀπολέσαι | cc | high | Coordinates ἀμύναντα and ἀπολέσαι. |
| 6 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 15 ἀπολέσαι | iobj | medium | Dative referring to 'them'; function somewhat context-dependent. |
| 7 | διὰ | διά | ADP | _ | _ | 9 κῆδος | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 κῆδος | det | high | Article with κῆδος. |
| 9 | κῆδος | κῆδος | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἀπολέσαι | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ἀπολέσαι. |
| 10 | ἀμύναντα | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-PAAP-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἀπολέσαι | xcomp | medium | Participial modifier/secondary predicate associated with Βορέαν. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 τριήρων | det | high | Article with τριήρων. |
| 12 | τριήρων | τριήρης | NOUN | N-P---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ἀπολέσαι | obl | high | Genitive dependent on ἀπολέσαι. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 βαρβαρικῶν | det | high | Article with βαρβαρικῶν. |
| 14 | βαρβαρικῶν | βαρβαρικός | ADJ | A-P---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 τριήρων | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying τριήρων. |
| 15 | ἀπολέσαι | ἀπόλλυμι | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 2 συνοικεῖν | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive with συνοικεῖν. |
| 16 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 πολλάς | det | high | Article with πολλάς. |
| 17 | πολλάς | πολύς | ADJ | A-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ἀπολέσαι | obj | high | Accusative direct object of ἀπολέσαι. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 συνοικεῖν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐθέλουσι δὲ Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ ἄλλων θεῶν ἱερὸν εἶναι τὸν Ἰλισόν, καὶ Μουσῶν βωμὸς ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἐστιν Ἰλισιάδων·
The syntax is two coordinated clauses: first an infinitival content clause governed by ἐθέλουσι, then a copular statement; the first clause has a somewhat irregular predicative construction with ἱερὸν εἶναι τὸν Ἰλισόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐθέλουσι | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἐθέλουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐθέλουσι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐθέλουσι. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἄλλων | cc | high | Coordinates with ἄλλων. |
| 5 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἱερὸν | amod | high | Genitive modifier of θεῶν. |
| 6 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἱερὸν. |
| 7 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement in infinitival clause; agrees with understood subject τὸν Ἰλισόν in sense, but form is neuter and construction is slightly irregular/ambiguous. |
| 8 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 ἐθέλουσι | xcomp | high | Complement of ἐθέλουσι. |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | B-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Ἰλισόν | det | high | Article with Ἰλισόν. |
| 10 | Ἰλισόν | Ἰλισός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἱερὸν | nsubj | high | Subject of infinitival predication. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐθέλουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 ἐστιν | cc | high | Links second clause. |
| 13 | Μουσῶν | Μοῦσα | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 βωμὸς | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of βωμός. |
| 14 | βωμὸς | βωμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 15 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 16 αὐτῷ | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτῷ. |
| 16 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 17 ἐστιν | obl | high | Oblique complement of ἐστιν with ἐπί. |
| 17 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 ἐθέλουσι | conj | high | Second coordinated main predicate. |
| 18 | Ἰλισιάδων | Ἰλισιάδες | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 βωμὸς | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier; likely an ethnic/locative appellation, somewhat uncertain. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |