Grammar parses for passage 1.19.5
Open translation for this passage
ταῦτα μὲν οὕτω γενέσθαι λέγουσι·
The accusative-and-infinitive construction is represented with ταῦτα as the nominative-form neuter plural subject of the infinitive; in Ancient Greek, the form is syncretic with accusative plural, and its exact case is syntactically ambiguous.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-pna | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 5 λέγουσι | nsubj | high | Neuter plural demonstrative subject of λέγουσι; substantival. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 ταῦτα | discourse | high | Correlative/contrastive particle. |
| 3 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 4 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | Demonstrative adverb modifying γενέσθαι. |
| 4 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--AMN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 5 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive, content complement of λέγουσι. |
| 5 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite matrix verb. |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 λέγουσι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ποταμοὶ δὲ Ἀθηναίοις ῥέουσιν Ἰλισός τε καὶ Ἠριδανῷ τῷ Κελτικῷ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ὄνομα ἔχων, ἐκδιδοὺς ἐς τὸν Ἰλισόν.
The finite verb ῥέουσιν has coordinated subjects Ἰλισός and Ἠριδανῷ; Ἠριδανῷ is a dative-form proper name, while the participles are supplementary/relative descriptive predicates. The phrase τῷ Κελτικῷ modifies Ἠριδανῷ, and κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ὄνομα ἔχων means 'having the same name'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ποταμοὶ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-----MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ῥέουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ῥέουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-D---MP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ῥέουσιν | iobj | medium | Dative of association/possession: rivers for the Athenians. |
| 4 | ῥέουσιν | ῥέω | VERB | V3PPAAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | Ἰλισός | Ἰλισός | PROPN | N-----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ῥέουσιν | conj | medium | Coordinated proper-name subject; nominative expected. |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 Ἰλισός | cc | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 Ἠριδανῷ | cc | medium | Coordinates Ἠριδανῷ with Ἰλισός; attachment is structurally uncertain. |
| 8 | Ἠριδανῷ | Ἠριδανός | PROPN | N-D---MS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ῥέουσιν | conj | low | Form is dative, although coordinated river subject would normally be nominative; text may reflect an irregular/name form or transmitted issue. |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-D---MS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Κελτικῷ | det | high | |
| 10 | Κελτικῷ | Κελτικός | ADJ | A-D---MS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ἠριδανῷ | amod | high | Substantivally/attributively identifies the Celtic Eridanus. |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 ὄνομα | case | high | |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-AP---N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 αὐτὰ | det | high | |
| 13 | αὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | P-AP---N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ὄνομα | amod | medium | Accusative neuter plural with ὄνομα, idiomatically 'the same'. |
| 14 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-AS---N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἔχων | obj | high | |
| 15 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 Ἠριδανῷ | acl | medium | Predicative participle; likely describes Ἠριδανῷ/the river name phrase. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐκδιδοὺς | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἐκδιδοὺς | ἐκδίδωμι | VERB | V-PAP-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ῥέουσιν | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle, probably referring to Ἰλισός or the river subject; semantic attachment is uncertain. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 Ἰλισόν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 19 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-AS---M- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Ἰλισόν | det | high | |
| 20 | Ἰλισόν | Ἰλισός | PROPN | N-AS---M- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐκδιδοὺς | obl | high | Goal of ἐκδίδωμι: 'emptying/discharging into the Ilisus'. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ῥέουσιν | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ Ἰλισός ἐστιν οὗτος, ἔνθα παίζουσαν Ὠρείθυιαν ὑπὸ ἀνέμου Βορέου φασὶν ἁρπασθῆναι·
The demonstrative copular clause identifies the Ilissus; φασίν introduces an accusative-and-infinitive report, with Ὠρείθυιαν as the infinitive's accusative subject and ἔνθα locating the event.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἰλισός | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 Ἰλισός | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἰλισός | Ἰλισός | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V--SPI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular clause; οὗτος is predicative. |
| 5 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | P--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative demonstrative with εἰσιν. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 ἁρπασθῆναι | advmod | high | Locative relative adverb introducing the infinitival content. |
| 8 | παίζουσαν | παίζω | VERB | V--PPA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 Ὠρείθυιαν | acl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Ὠρείθυιαν. |
| 9 | Ὠρείθυιαν | Ὠρείθυια | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἁρπασθῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the passive infinitive. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 ἀνέμου | case | high | |
| 11 | ἀνέμου | ἄνεμος | NOUN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἁρπασθῆναι | obl:agent | high | Agent phrase with passive ἁρπασθῆναι. |
| 12 | Βορέου | Βορέας | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀνέμου | nmod | high | Specifies the wind, ἀνέμου. |
| 13 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V--SPI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐστιν | parataxis | medium | Impersonal/plural-reporting parenthetical governing the infinitive. |
| 14 | ἁρπασθῆναι | ἁρπάζω | VERB | V--APN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 13 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Accusative-and-infinitive complement of φασίν. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high |
καὶ συνοικεῖν Ὠρειθυίᾳ Βορέαν καί σφισι διὰ τὸ κῆδος ἀμύναντα τῶν τριήρων τῶν βαρβαρικῶν ἀπολέσαι τὰς πολλάς.
Infinitival continuation: Boreas is the subject of συνοικεῖν and ἀπολέσαι; ἀμύναντα is an accusative masculine singular participle agreeing with Boreas and modifying ἀπολέσαι. The object τὰς πολλάς is elliptical for τὰς πολλὰς τριήρεις; confidence is reduced because the sentence is excerpted and κῆδος may be read with a concessive/causal διά phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | τε καί | _ | 2 συνοικεῖν | cc | high | |
| 2 | συνοικεῖν | συνοικέω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Infinitive in continuation of an omitted governing construction. |
| 3 | Ὠρειθυίᾳ | Ὠρειθυία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 συνοικεῖν | obl | high | Dative with συνοικεῖν, ‘with Oreithyia’. |
| 4 | Βορέαν | Βορέας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 συνοικεῖν | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 5 | καί | καί | CCONJ | τε καί | _ | 15 ἀπολέσαι | cc | high | |
| 6 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 10 ἀμύναντα | iobj | medium | Third-person plural dative pronoun; antecedent is context-dependent. |
| 7 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R | _ | 9 κῆδος | case | high | |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 κῆδος | det | high | |
| 9 | κῆδος | κῆδος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἀμύναντα | obl | medium | διά with accusative expresses cause or motive. |
| 10 | ἀμύναντα | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-S-AAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἀπολέσαι | advcl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with Boreas; likely circumstantial to ἀπολέσαι. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 τριήρων | det | high | |
| 12 | τριήρων | τριήρης | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἀμύναντα | obj | medium | Genitive object of ἀμύνω in the sense ‘defend against’; construction is somewhat irregular. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 βαρβαρικῶν | det | high | |
| 14 | βαρβαρικῶν | βαρβαρικός | ADJ | A-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 τριήρων | amod | high | Agrees with τριήρων. |
| 15 | ἀπολέσαι | ἀπόλλυμι | VERB | V-S-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 2 συνοικεῖν | conj | medium | Second coordinated infinitive; Boreas is its accusative subject. |
| 16 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 πολλάς | det | high | |
| 17 | πολλάς | πολύς | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ἀπολέσαι | obj | medium | Substantival adjective, probably elliptical for ‘the many [triremes]’. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 συνοικεῖν | punct | high |
ἐθέλουσι δὲ Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ ἄλλων θεῶν ἱερὸν εἶναι τὸν Ἰλισόν, καὶ Μουσῶν βωμὸς ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἐστιν Ἰλισιάδων·
The first clause has an accusative-and-infinitive construction: Ἀθηναῖοι θέλουσι τὸν Ἰλισὸν ἱερὸν εἶναι, with ἱερόν as the predicate accusative. The second clause is existential; Ἰλισιάδων is a genitive dependent on βωμός, probably specifying the Muses (or their cult) associated with the altar.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐθέλουσι | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Cــــ | _ | 1 ἐθέλουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐθέλουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cــــ | _ | 5 ἄλλων | cc | high | Coordinates ἄλλων with an understood or contextually supplied set of gods; syntactically within the genitive phrase. |
| 5 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 θεῶν | amod | high | |
| 6 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | |
| 7 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative in the accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 8 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἐθέλουσι | xcomp | high | |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Ἰλισόν | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἰλισόν | Ἰλισός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐθέλουσι | punct | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cــــ | _ | 17 ἐστιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the preceding clause. |
| 13 | Μουσῶν | Μοῦσα | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 βωμὸς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βωμός. |
| 14 | βωμὸς | βωμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 16 αὐτῷ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 16 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 βωμὸς | obl | high | Refers to the Ilisus; dative governed by ἐπί. |
| 17 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἐθέλουσι | conj | high | |
| 18 | Ἰλισιάδων | Ἰλισιάς | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 βωμὸς | nmod | medium | Likely a genitive plural proper name/epithet associated with the altar; exact referent or semantic relation is uncertain. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐστιν | punct | high |
δείκνυται δὲ καὶ ἔνθα Πελοποννήσιοι Κόδρον τὸν Μελάνθου βασιλεύοντα Ἀθηναίων κτείνουσι.
ἔνθα introduces a locative content/relative-like clause under δείκνυται; βασιλεύοντα is an accusative participial modifier of Κόδρον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δείκνυται | δείκνυμι | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/passive-form verb, ‘is shown’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 δείκνυται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 ἔνθα | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also’. |
| 4 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 δείκνυται | advmod | high | Locative adverb introducing the relative-like clause. |
| 5 | Πελοποννήσιοι | Πελοποννήσιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 κτείνουσι | nsubj | high | Subject of κτείνουσι. |
| 6 | Κόδρον | Κόδρος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 κτείνουσι | obj | high | Object of κτείνουσι. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 βασιλεύοντα | det | high | |
| 8 | Μελάνθου | Μέλανθος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 βασιλεύοντα | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive with βασιλεύοντα. |
| 9 | βασιλεύοντα | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 Κόδρον | acl | high | Participial modifier of Κόδρον; governs genitive Μελάνθου and accusative Ἀθηναίων. |
| 10 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 βασιλεύοντα | obj | medium | Genitive object with βασιλεύω (‘ruling the Athenians’); substantivized ethnic. |
| 11 | κτείνουσι | κτείνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἔνθα | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the ἔνθα clause. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δείκνυται | punct | high |