Grammar parses for passage 1.2.2
Open translation for this passage
ἀνιόντων δὲ ἐκ Πειραιῶς ἐρείπια τῶν τειχῶν ἐστιν, ἃ Κόνων ὕστερον τῆς πρὸς Κνίδῳ ναυμαχίας ἀνέστησε·
The opening participial phrase is a genitive absolute, and the relative clause depends on ἃ; the temporal phrase τῆς πρὸς Κνίδῳ ναυμαχίας is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνιόντων | ἀνίημι | VERB | V-PAP-PGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle with δὲ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 8 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Πειραιῶς | case | high | Introduces source/place phrase. |
| 4 | Πειραιῶς | Πειραιεύς | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀνιόντων | obl | high | Dependent of ἀνιόντων in the genitive absolute. |
| 5 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N-P---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-P---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 τειχῶν | det | high | Article with τειχῶν. |
| 7 | τειχῶν | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-P---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐρείπια | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἐρείπια. |
| 8 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular/existential verb. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P-P---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 17 ἀνέστησε | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to ἐρείπια/τειχῶν. |
| 11 | Κόνων | Κόνων | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνέστησε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀνέστησε. |
| 12 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D------- | _ | 17 ἀνέστησε | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ναυμαχίας | det | high | Article with ναυμαχίας. |
| 14 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 ναυμαχίας | case | high | Preposition governing Κνίδῳ in the phrase modifying ναυμαχίας. |
| 15 | Κνίδῳ | Κνίδος | PROPN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ναυμαχίας | obl | high | Dative object of πρός. |
| 16 | ναυμαχίας | ναυμαχία | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ὕστερον | obl | medium | Likely dependent of ὕστερον in temporal/genitive relation; syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 17 | ἀνέστησε | ἀνίστημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἃ | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb in relative clause modifying ἃ. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τὰ γὰρ Θεμιστοκλέους μετὰ τὴν ἀναχώρησιν οἰκοδομηθέντα τὴν Μήδων ἐπὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς καθῃρέθη τῶν τριάκοντα ὀνομαζομένων.
The syntax is centered on the passive verb καθῃρέθη, with a participial subject τὰ οἰκοδομηθέντα and a difficult genitive phrase around τῶν τριάκοντα ὀνομαζομένων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | ATR NPN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 7 οἰκοδομηθέντα | det | high | Articular subject of the passive participle. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G | _ | 13 καθῃρέθη | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | Θεμιστοκλέους | Θεμιστοκλῆς | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 7 οἰκοδομηθέντα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of the participle. |
| 4 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R | _ | 6 ἀναχώρησιν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | ATR SAF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 6 ἀναχώρησιν | det | high | Article with ἀναχώρησιν. |
| 6 | ἀναχώρησιν | ἀναχώρησις | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 7 οἰκοδομηθέντα | obl | high | Temporal phrase with μετά. |
| 7 | οἰκοδομηθέντα | οἰκοδομέω | VERB | V-APP-NPN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Passive | 13 καθῃρέθη | nsubj:pass | high | Neuter plural participle agreeing with τὰ. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | ATR SAF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 9 Μήδων | det | high | Article with Μήδων, likely part of idiomatic/elliptical phrase. |
| 9 | Μήδων | Μῆδος | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 7 οἰκοδομηθέντα | nmod | low | Form is genitive plural; article case mismatch is likely textual/interpretive difficulty. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 12 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | ATR SAF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 12 ἀρχῆς | det | high | Article with ἀρχῆς. |
| 12 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 13 καθῃρέθη | obl | high | Oblique complement with ἐπί. |
| 13 | καθῃρέθη | καθαιρέω | VERB | V-API-3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Passive | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | ATR NPG | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 15 τριάκοντα | det | high | Article with τριάκοντα. |
| 15 | τριάκοντα | τριάκοντα | NUM | M-N- | _ | 16 ὀνομαζομένων | nummod | medium | Likely substantivized numeral modifying ὀνομαζομένων. |
| 16 | ὀνομαζομένων | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PPM-PGM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 13 καθῃρέθη | nsubj:pass | high | Genitive plural participle, probably with article+numeral phrase. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 καθῃρέθη | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
εἰσὶ δὲ τάφοι κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν γνωριμώτατοι Μενάνδρου τοῦ Διοπείθους καὶ μνῆμα Εὐριπίδου κενόν·
Equative sentence with ellipsis/coordination: τάφοι is the main predicate, with a coordinated second noun phrase μνῆμα κενόν and genitive dependents naming the persons.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | AUX | V-3PPI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 τάφοι | cop | high | Copula with omitted/equative predicate relation to τάφοι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τάφοι | τάφος | NOUN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main nominal predicate with copula εἰσὶ. |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ὁδὸν | case | high | Preposition governing acc. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ὁδὸν | det | high | Article with ὁδόν. |
| 6 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 τάφοι | nmod | high | Prepositional phrase modifying τάφοι. |
| 7 | γνωριμώτατοι | γνώριμος | ADJ | A-P---MN-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 τάφοι | amod | high | Attributive superlative agreeing with τάφοι. |
| 8 | Μενάνδρου | Μένανδρος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 τάφοι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τάφοι. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Διοπείθους | det | high | Article with Διοπείθους. |
| 10 | Διοπείθους | Διοπείθης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Μενάνδρου | nmod | medium | Likely genitive patronymic depending on Μενάνδρου. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 μνῆμα | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 12 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 τάφοι | conj | high | Second coordinated nominative/accusative-like nominal in the predicate list; case likely non-finite/free use with ellipsis. |
| 13 | Εὐριπίδου | Εὐριπίδης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 μνῆμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μνῆμα. |
| 14 | κενόν | κενός | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 μνῆμα | amod | high | Agreeing with μνῆμα. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 τάφοι | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
τέθαπται δὲ Εὐριπίδης ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ παρὰ τὸν βασιλέα ἐλθὼν Ἀρχέλαον, ὁ δέ οἱ τοῦ θανάτου τρόπος---πολλοῖς γάρ ἐστιν εἰρημένος---ἐχέτω καθὰ λέγουσιν.
The syntax is difficult because of the embedded parenthetical dash-clause and the phrase ὁ δὲ οἱ τοῦ θανάτου τρόπος, but the main clause is centered on τέθαπται with a later paratactic/parenthetical ἐχέτω.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τέθαπται | θάπτω | VERB | V-3SPI-- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Middle | 3 Εὐριπίδης | aux | high | Finite verb, likely the clause predicate with passive/middle perfect sense. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 1 τέθαπται | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | Εὐριπίδης | Εὐριπίδης | PROPN | N-NSM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 τέθαπται | nsubj | high | Subject of τέθαπται. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 Μακεδονίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 5 | Μακεδονίᾳ | Μακεδονία | PROPN | N-DSF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 τέθαπται | obl | high | Locative oblique. |
| 6 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 βασιλέα | case | high | Preposition with accusative meaning 'to/at the house of'. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 βασιλέα | det | high | Article with βασιλέα. |
| 8 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐλθὼν | obl | high | Object of the preposition παρά. |
| 9 | ἐλθὼν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 1 τέθαπται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main clause. |
| 10 | Ἀρχέλαον | Ἀρχέλαος | PROPN | N-ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐλθὼν | obj | high | Object of ἐλθὼν in the sense of 'coming to Archelaus'. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 τέθαπται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 τρόπος | det | medium | Article introducing τρόπος. |
| 13 | δέ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 17 τρόπος | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 14 | οἱ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-3DS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 17 τρόπος | obl | low | Likely dative of possession/interest ('to him'); form is ambiguous in isolation. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 θανάτου | det | high | Article with θανάτου. |
| 16 | θανάτου | θάνατος | NOUN | N-GSM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 τρόπος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of τρόπος. |
| 17 | τρόπος | τρόπος | NOUN | N-NSM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἐχέτω | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐχέτω. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 τρόπος | punct | high | Dashes in the edition. |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 τρόπος | punct | high | Dashes in the edition. |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 τρόπος | punct | high | Dashes in the edition. |
| 21 | πολλοῖς | πολύς | ADJ | A-DPM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 εἰρημένος | obl | medium | Likely dative of reference with εἰρημένος. |
| 22 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | g-------- | _ | 23 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 23 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPI-- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 24 εἰρημένος | cop | high | Copula with εἰρημένος. |
| 24 | εἰρημένος | λέγω | VERB | V-RPP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perfect|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 17 τρόπος | acl | high | Attributive participle predicated/relative to τρόπος. |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 εἰρημένος | punct | high | Dashes in the edition. |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 εἰρημένος | punct | high | Dashes in the edition. |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 εἰρημένος | punct | high | Dashes in the edition. |
| 28 | ἐχέτω | ἔχω | VERB | V-3SPA-- | Mood=Imperative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 1 τέθαπται | parataxis | medium | Likely hortatory/parenthetical imperative in reported style; syntax is difficult. |
| 29 | καθὰ | καθά | ADV | D-------- | _ | 30 λέγουσιν | advmod | high | Adverbial conjunction 'as'. |
| 30 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-3PPI-- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 28 ἐχέτω | advcl | high | Clause modifying ἐχέτω. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 τέθαπται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |