Grammar parses for passage 1.2.2
Open translation for this passage
ἀνιόντων δὲ ἐκ Πειραιῶς ἐρείπια τῶν τειχῶν ἐστιν, ἃ Κόνων ὕστερον τῆς πρὸς Κνίδῳ ναυμαχίας ἀνέστησε·
The opening genitive absolute (ἀνιόντων δὲ) frames the main clause; the relative clause ἃ ... ἀνέστησε modifies ἐρείπια. The phrase πρὸς Κνίδῳ ναυμαχίας is interpreted as 'the battle at/against Cnidus.'
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνιόντων | ἄνειμι | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἐρείπια | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with δὲ; subject understood as the people going up. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀνιόντων | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Πειραιῶς | case | high | |
| 4 | Πειραιῶς | Πειραιεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀνιόντων | obl | high | Genitive governed by ἐκ. |
| 5 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject of ἐστιν. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 τειχῶν | det | high | |
| 7 | τειχῶν | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐρείπια | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐρείπια. |
| 8 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Singular verb with neuter plural subject, as permitted in Greek. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P-RANPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 17 ἀνέστησε | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to ἐρείπια; object of ἀνέστησε. |
| 11 | Κόνων | Κόνων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνέστησε | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | ADV | _ | 17 ἀνέστησε | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative meaning later/afterwards. |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ναυμαχίας | det | high | |
| 14 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 Κνίδῳ | case | high | |
| 15 | Κνίδῳ | Κνίδος | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ναυμαχίας | nmod | high | Dative governed by πρὸς in the sense of the naval battle at/against Cnidus. |
| 16 | ναυμαχίας | ναυμαχία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ὕστερον | obl | high | Genitive dependent on ὕστερον: later than the battle. |
| 17 | ἀνέστησε | ἀνίστημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 8 ἐστιν | acl:relcl | medium | Aorist active; relative clause modifies ἐρείπια. Aspect encoded as perfective/past. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστιν | punct | high |
τὰ γὰρ Θεμιστοκλέους μετὰ τὴν ἀναχώρησιν οἰκοδομηθέντα τὴν Μήδων ἐπὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς καθῃρέθη τῶν τριάκοντα ὀνομαζομένων.
The sentence has a substantivized neuter plural subject τὰ ... οἰκοδομηθέντα, with ὀνομαζομένων τῶν τριάκοντα as a genitive participial phrase identifying the regime under which the works were demolished; Μήδων is textually/morphologically difficult and is marked low-confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-----NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 καθῃρέθη | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter plural article, with participial predicate. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 13 καθῃρέθη | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | Θεμιστοκλέους | Θεμιστοκλῆς | PROPN | NEPMSG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 οἰκοδομηθέντα | nmod | high | Possessive/associative genitive with the substantivized participle. |
| 4 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ἀναχώρησιν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-----FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀναχώρησιν | det | high | Article modifying ἀναχώρησιν. |
| 6 | ἀναχώρησιν | ἀναχώρησις | NOUN | N-----FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 οἰκοδομηθέντα | obl | high | Accusative object of μετὰ in temporal phrase. |
| 7 | οἰκοδομηθέντα | οἰκοδομέω | VERB | V--APPNA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 13 καθῃρέθη | nsubj | medium | Aorist passive participle agreeing with τὰ; predicate nominal subject phrase. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-----FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Μήδων | det | high | Article with Μήδων. |
| 9 | Μήδων | Μῆδος | PROPN | NEPFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 οἰκοδομηθέντα | obj | low | Form is morphologically ambiguous/irregular in context; taken as the object/goal associated with οἰκοδομηθέντα, likely referring to the Medes' wall or works. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-----FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀρχῆς | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχῆς. |
| 12 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-----FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 καθῃρέθη | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐπί, indicating the regime or period. |
| 13 | καθῃρέθη | καθαιρέω | VERB | V-3API-S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite aorist passive predicate. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-----PG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ὀνομαζομένων | det | high | Article with the substantivized participle. |
| 15 | τριάκοντα | τριάκοντα | NUM | M-------- | Number=Plur | 16 ὀνομαζομένων | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying ὀνομαζομένων. |
| 16 | ὀνομαζομένων | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PMPPG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 13 καθῃρέθη | obl | high | Substantivized genitive present passive participle: those called the Thirty. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 καθῃρέθη | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
εἰσὶ δὲ τάφοι κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν γνωριμώτατοι Μενάνδρου τοῦ Διοπείθους καὶ μνῆμα Εὐριπίδου κενόν·
εἰσὶ governs coordinated nominative subjects τάφοι and μνῆμα; γνωριμώτατοι agrees with τάφοι, while κενόν is predicative in sense with μνῆμα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | τάφοι | τάφος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 ὁδὸν | case | high | |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ὁδὸν | det | high | |
| 6 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 γνωριμώτατοι | obl | high | |
| 7 | γνωριμώτατοι | γνώριμος | ADJ | A-NPM-SUP | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 τάφοι | amod | high | Superlative adjective agrees with τάφοι. |
| 8 | Μενάνδρου | Μένανδρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 τάφοι | nmod | high | |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Διοπείθους | det | high | |
| 10 | Διοπείθους | Διοπείθης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Μενάνδρου | appos | high | Patronymic/appositional identification of Menander. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 μνῆμα | cc | high | |
| 12 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 εἰσὶ | conj | high | Coordinated nominative subject with τάφοι. |
| 13 | Εὐριπίδου | Εὐριπίδης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 μνῆμα | nmod | high | |
| 14 | κενόν | κενός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 μνῆμα | amod | high | Predicate-like modifier: Euripides' monument is empty; attached here as adjectival modifier of μνῆμα. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | punct | high |
τέθαπται δὲ Εὐριπίδης ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ παρὰ τὸν βασιλέα ἐλθὼν Ἀρχέλαον, ὁ δέ οἱ τοῦ θανάτου τρόπος---πολλοῖς γάρ ἐστιν εἰρημένος---ἐχέτω καθὰ λέγουσιν.
The sentence has a parenthetical perfect periphrastic clause (πολλοῖς γάρ ἐστιν εἰρημένος) interrupting the topic phrase τρόπος; ἐχέτω is the final imperative, with καθὰ λέγουσιν as its conformative clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τέθαπται | θάπτω | VERB | V-Perf-Pass-Ind-3S | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 1 τέθαπται | cc | high | |
| 3 | Εὐριπίδης | Εὐριπίδης | PROPN | N-Nom-Sg-M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 τέθαπται | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 5 Μακεδονίᾳ | case | high | |
| 5 | Μακεδονίᾳ | Μακεδονία | PROPN | N-Dat-Sg-F | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 τέθαπται | obl | high | |
| 6 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | Prep | _ | 8 βασιλέα | case | high | With accusative, expressing movement toward/alongside. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Sg-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 βασιλέα | det | high | |
| 8 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-Acc-Sg-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐλθὼν | obl | medium | Object of motion implied by ἐλθών. |
| 9 | ἐλθὼν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-Aor-Act-PTCP-Nom-Sg-M | Aspect=Perfective|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 1 τέθαπται | advcl | high | |
| 10 | Ἀρχέλαον | Ἀρχέλαος | PROPN | N-Acc-Sg-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 βασιλέα | appos | high | Appositional identification of the king. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐλθὼν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Sg-M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 τρόπος | det | high | Substantivized article in the topic phrase. |
| 13 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 28 ἐχέτω | cc | medium | Connects the parenthetical/topic clause to the ensuing exhortation. |
| 14 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-Dat-Sg | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 17 τρόπος | iobj | medium | Dative reference/interest; enclitic form. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Sg-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 θανάτου | det | high | |
| 16 | θανάτου | θάνατος | NOUN | N-Gen-Sg-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 τρόπος | nmod | high | |
| 17 | τρόπος | τρόπος | NOUN | N-Nom-Sg-M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἐχέτω | nsubj | medium | Topic subject of ἐχέτω; the phrase means 'the manner of his death'. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 τρόπος | punct | high | |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 τρόπος | punct | high | |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 τρόπος | punct | high | |
| 21 | πολλοῖς | πολύς | ADJ | A-Dat-Pl-M | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 εἰρημένος | obl | medium | Dative with εἴρηται, likely 'by many' or 'to many'; semantic role is uncertain. |
| 22 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | Conj | _ | 23 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 23 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-Pres-Act-Ind-3S | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 24 εἰρημένος | aux | high | Periphrastic perfect with εἰρημένος. |
| 24 | εἰρημένος | λέγω | VERB | V-Perf-MP-PTCP-Nom-Sg-M | Aspect=Perfective|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 17 τρόπος | advcl | medium | Periphrastic perfect; understood subject is τρόπος. |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 εἰρημένος | punct | high | |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 εἰρημένος | punct | high | |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 εἰρημένος | punct | high | |
| 28 | ἐχέτω | ἔχω | VERB | V-Pres-Act-Imp-3S | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperative with concessive/disjunctive force: 'let it be/stand as they say'. |
| 29 | καθὰ | καθά | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 30 λέγουσιν | mark | medium | Comparative/conformative subordinator, 'as'. |
| 30 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-Pres-Act-Ind-3P | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 28 ἐχέτω | advcl | high | |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐχέτω | punct | high |