Grammar parses for passage 1.2.3
Open translation for this passage
συνῆσαν δὲ ἄρα καὶ τότε τοῖς βασιλεῦσι ποιηταὶ καὶ πρότερον ἔτι καὶ Πολυκράτει Σάμου τυραννοῦντι Ἀνακρέων παρῆν καὶ ἐς Συρακούσας πρὸς Ἱέρωνα Αἰσχύλος καὶ Σιμωνίδης ἐστάλησαν·
Coordination has an initial clause with ποιηταί as subject and τοῖς βασιλεῦσι as dative complement, followed by coordinated examples: Ἀνακρέων is present with Πολυκράτει Σάμου τυραννοῦντι, while Αἰσχύλος and Σιμωνίδης are subjects of ἐστάλησαν with destinations expressed by ἐς and πρός.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | συνῆσαν | σύνειμι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 8 ποιηταὶ | conj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 συνῆσαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄρα | ἄρα | PART | PART | _ | 1 συνῆσαν | discourse | medium | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 συνῆσαν | advmod | high | Adverbial καί ('also'). |
| 5 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 συνῆσαν | advmod | high | |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 βασιλεῦσι | det | high | |
| 7 | βασιλεῦσι | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 συνῆσαν | obl | high | |
| 8 | ποιηταὶ | ποιητής | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Subject of συνῆσαν. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 παρῆν | cc | high | |
| 10 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 συνῆσαν | advmod | high | |
| 11 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 10 πρότερον | advmod | high | Together with πρότερον: 'even earlier/before'. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 Ἀνακρέων | cc | high | Correlates with the later example introduced by καί. |
| 13 | Πολυκράτει | Πολυκράτης | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 παρῆν | obl | high | Dative with παρῆν. |
| 14 | Σάμου | Σάμος | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Πολυκράτει | nmod | high | Genitive of association/specification. |
| 15 | τυραννοῦντι | τυραννέω | VERB | V-PAP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 Πολυκράτει | acl | high | Participial modifier of Πολυκράτει. |
| 16 | Ἀνακρέων | Ἀνακρέων | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 παρῆν | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | παρῆν | πάρειμι | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 1 συνῆσαν | conj | high | Coordinated example clause. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 ἐστάλησαν | cc | high | |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 Συρακούσας | case | high | |
| 20 | Συρακούσας | Συράκουσαι | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 ἐστάλησαν | obl | high | Destination. |
| 21 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 Ἱέρωνα | case | high | |
| 22 | Ἱέρωνα | Ἱέρων | PROPN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐστάλησαν | obl | high | Destination/addressee. |
| 23 | Αἰσχύλος | Αἰσχύλος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐστάλησαν | nsubj | high | |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 Σιμωνίδης | cc | high | |
| 25 | Σιμωνίδης | Σιμωνίδης | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Αἰσχύλος | conj | high | |
| 26 | ἐστάλησαν | στέλλω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Pass | 1 συνῆσαν | conj | high | Coordinated finite clause; subject is Αἰσχύλος καὶ Σιμωνίδης. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 συνῆσαν | punct | high |
Διονυσίῳ δέ, ὃς ὕστερον ἐτυράννησεν ἐν Σικελίᾳ, Φιλόξενος παρῆν καὶ Ἀντιγόνῳ Μακεδόνων ἄρχοντι Ἀνταγόρας Ῥόδιος καὶ Σολεὺς Ἄρατος.
The dative topics Διονυσίῳ and Ἀντιγόνῳ ... ἄρχοντι govern separate clauses sharing παρῆν: Φιλόξενος was present for Dionysius, while Antagoras and Aratus were present for Antigonus. The relative clause modifies Διονυσίῳ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Διονυσίῳ | Διονύσιος | PROPN | Nbmsd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 παρῆν | obl | high | Dative of reference/association with παρῆν. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 11 παρῆν | cc | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 11 παρῆν | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P--NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 6 ἐτυράννησεν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Διονυσίῳ. |
| 5 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Pos | 6 ἐτυράννησεν | advmod | high | |
| 6 | ἐτυράννησεν | τυραννέω | VERB | V3SAIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 παρῆν | acl:relcl | high | |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | Case=Dat | 8 Σικελίᾳ | case | high | |
| 8 | Σικελίᾳ | Σικελία | PROPN | Nbfsd | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐτυράννησεν | obl | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 6 ἐτυράννησεν | punct | high | |
| 10 | Φιλόξενος | Φιλόξενος | PROPN | Nbmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 παρῆν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | παρῆν | πάρειμι | VERB | V3SIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Shared predicate for both dative complements and coordinated nominative subjects. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 Ἀνταγόρας | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause/subject grouping. |
| 13 | Ἀντιγόνῳ | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | Nbmsd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 παρῆν | obl | high | Dative of reference/association with the shared παρῆν. |
| 14 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | Nbmpg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἄρχοντι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄρχοντι. |
| 15 | ἄρχοντι | ἄρχων | NOUN | Ncmsd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Ἀντιγόνῳ | appos | high | Appositional description of Ἀντιγόνῳ. |
| 16 | Ἀνταγόρας | Ἀνταγόρας | PROPN | Nbmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 παρῆν | conj | high | Subject coordinated with Ἄρατος; coordination is structurally parallel to Φιλόξενος. |
| 17 | Ῥόδιος | Ῥόδιος | ADJ | A--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Ἀνταγόρας | amod | high | Ethnic adjective modifying Ἀνταγόρας. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 Ἄρατος | cc | high | |
| 19 | Σολεὺς | Σολεύς | ADJ | A--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Ἄρατος | amod | medium | Ethnic adjective used substantivally or as part of Aratus's ethnic designation. |
| 20 | Ἄρατος | Ἄρατος | PROPN | Nbmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Ἀνταγόρας | conj | high | Subject coordinated with Ἀνταγόρας. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 11 παρῆν | punct | high |
ἐπεὶ καὶ Ὁμήρῳ πεποιημένα ἐστὶν Ἀλκίνῳ παρεῖναι Δημόδοκον καὶ ὡς Ἀγαμέμνων καταλείποι τινὰ παρὰ τῇ γυναικὶ ποιητήν.
The sentence has an impersonal πεποιημένα ἐστίν construction with two infinitival complements: παρεῖναι Δημόδοκον and καταλείποι τινὰ ποιητήν; Ὁμήρῳ and Ἀλκίνῳ are dative agents/possessors with πεποιημένα. The second clause is introduced by ὡς, with καταλείποι as an optative in reported narrative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | mark | high | |
| 2 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 πεποιημένα | cc | high | Adverbial or connective καί; attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 3 | Ὁμήρῳ | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πεποιημένα | obl:agent | medium | Dative of agent with the perfect passive participle. |
| 4 | πεποιημένα | ποιέω | VERB | V-RPPNPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 ἐστὶν | xcomp | high | Neuter plural participle functioning substantivally with ἐστίν. |
| 5 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNIA3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | Ἀλκίνῳ | Ἀλκίνοος | PROPN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πεποιημένα | obl:agent | medium | Dative associated with the passive participle; spelling is contracted/variant for Ἀλκίνοος. |
| 7 | παρεῖναι | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 πεποιημένα | csubj | medium | Infinitival content clause, coordinated in sense with the following ὡς-clause. |
| 8 | Δημόδοκον | Δημόδοκος | PROPN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 παρεῖναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 καταλείποι | cc | high | |
| 10 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 καταλείποι | mark | high | Introduces reported-content clause. |
| 11 | Ἀγαμέμνων | Ἀγαμέμνων | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 καταλείποι | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | καταλείποι | καταλείπω | VERB | V-LOIA3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 παρεῖναι | conj | medium | Optative is likely oblique/reported speech; some analyses may treat it as imperfective aorist-like depending on dialectal parsing. |
| 13 | τινὰ | τις | PRON | PX-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 17 ποιητήν | det | high | |
| 14 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 16 γυναικὶ | case | high | |
| 15 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 γυναικὶ | det | high | |
| 16 | γυναικὶ | γυνή | NOUN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ποιητήν | obl | high | παρά with dative: at/with the wife. |
| 17 | ποιητήν | ποιητής | NOUN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 καταλείποι | obj | high | Predicate/object complement of τινά under καταλείποι. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | punct | high |