Grammar parses for passage 1.20.4
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ πλησίον τοῦ τε ἱεροῦ τοῦ Διονύσου καὶ τοῦ θεάτρου κατασκεύασμα, ποιηθῆναι δὲ τῆς σκηνῆς αὐτὸ ἐς μίμησιν τῆς Ξέρξου λέγεται·
The construction has an existential ἔστι with predicate nominative κατασκεύασμα and a genitive-local πλησίον phrase; ποιηθῆναι is an accusative-infinitive subject/content clause dependent on λέγεται, with αὐτό as its accusative subject and τῆς σκηνῆς as a genitive of material/reference. The phrase τῆς Ξέρξου is elliptical or textually compressed; it is analyzed as dependent on μίμησιν, with low confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 κατασκεύασμα | cop | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 κατασκεύασμα | cc | high | |
| 3 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 κατασκεύασμα | advmod | high | Adverb used substantivally with genitive complements. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἱεροῦ | det | high | |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 9 καὶ | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἱεροῦ | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 πλησίον | nmod | high | First member of the coordinated genitive phrase. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Διονύσου | det | high | |
| 8 | Διονύσου | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἱεροῦ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱεροῦ. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 11 θεάτρου | cc | high | |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 θεάτρου | det | high | |
| 11 | θεάτρου | θέατρον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 πλησίον | conj | high | Second coordinated genitive complement of πλησίον. |
| 12 | κατασκεύασμα | κατασκεύασμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate nominative with ἔστι. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 12 κατασκεύασμα | punct | high | |
| 14 | ποιηθῆναι | ποιέω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 23 λέγεται | csubj | high | Accusative-infinitive clause, analyzed as subject of λέγεται. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 23 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 σκηνῆς | det | high | |
| 17 | σκηνῆς | σκηνή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ποιηθῆναι | obl | medium | Genitive associated with ποιηθῆναι; exact semantic relation is compressed. |
| 18 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ποιηθῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 20 μίμησιν | case | high | |
| 20 | μίμησιν | μίμησις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ποιηθῆναι | obl | high | Prepositional complement expressing purpose or model. |
| 21 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 Ξέρξου | det | medium | Determiner for the elliptical/uncertain genitive phrase. |
| 22 | Ξέρξου | Ξέρξης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 μίμησιν | nmod | low | Genitive dependent on μίμησιν, though the feminine article creates an unresolved agreement/textual-compression issue. |
| 23 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/passive reporting verb with infinitival subject; the preceding clause is coordinated discourse. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 23 λέγεται | punct | high |
αἰτία δὲ ἥδε τοῦ πολέμου.
Nominal sentence: αἰτία is the predicate nominal, with ἥδε as its demonstrative subject; τοῦ πολέμου is a genitive dependent expressing the cause's relation to the war.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αἰτία | αἰτία | NOUN | N-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 αἰτία | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἥδε | ὅδε | DET | P-d---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 1 αἰτία | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 πολέμου | det | high | |
| 5 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 αἰτία | nmod | high | |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 αἰτία | punct | high |
Μιθριδάτης ἐβασίλευε βαρβάρων τῶν περὶ τὸν Πόντον τὸν Εὔξεινον.
Μιθριδάτης is the subject of ἐβασίλευε; βαρβάρων is a genitive complement of βασιλεύω, modified by the attributive τῶν περὶ τὸν Πόντον τὸν Εὔξεινον. The repeated τὸν Εὔξεινον forms the usual name of the Black Sea, with περὶ τὸν Πόντον as a prepositional modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μιθριδάτης | Μιθριδάτης | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 ἐβασίλευε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | ἐβασίλευε | βασιλεύω | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 3 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | NOUN | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ἐβασίλευε | obl | high | Genitive complement governed by βασιλεύω. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 βαρβάρων | det | high | Attributive article with βαρβάρων. |
| 5 | περὶ | περί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 7 Πόντον | case | high | |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Πόντον | det | high | |
| 7 | Πόντον | Πόντος | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 βαρβάρων | nmod | high | Object of περί. |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Εὔξεινον | det | high | Article in the proper-name phrase τὸν Εὔξεινον. |
| 9 | Εὔξεινον | εὔξεινος | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Πόντον | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, identifying Πόντον as the Euxine. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἐβασίλευε | punct | high |
πρόφασις μὲν δὴ διʼ ἥντινα Ῥωμαίοις ἐπολέμησε καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν διέβη καὶ ὅσας ἢ πολέμῳ βιασάμενος πόλεις ἔσχεν ἢ φίλας ἐποιήσατο, τάδε μὲν τοῖς ἐπίστασθαι τὰ Μιθριδάτου θέλουσι μελέτω·
The sentence has an initial nominal topic πρόφασις with a coordinated series of relative clauses, followed by τάδε as the object/topic of μελέτω: let these matters be attended to by those wishing to know Mithridates' affairs. The antecedent of ἥντινα is πρόφασις; ὅν τρόπον is an adverbial relative expressing manner, and ὅσας ... πόλεις introduces the coordinated object series. Some attachment choices in the long coordination are necessarily interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρόφασις | πρόφασις | NOUN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 μελέτω | nsubj | high | Topic/subject of μελέτω, with following relative clauses elaborating it. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 1 πρόφασις | discourse | high | Correlative particle, balanced by μὲν at token 27. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Df | _ | 33 μελέτω | discourse | high | Emphatic/discourse particle. |
| 4 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 5 ἥντινα | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative relative pronoun. |
| 5 | ἥντινα | ὅστις | PRON | P--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 7 ἐπολέμησε | obl | high | Relative pronoun, object of διά and modifier of πρόφασις. |
| 6 | Ῥωμαίοις | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | Nb--DP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπολέμησε | iobj | high | Dative opponent/indirect object with ἐπολέμησε. |
| 7 | ἐπολέμησε | πολεμέω | VERB | V--AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 πρόφασις | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the first relative clause. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 διέβη | cc | high | Coordinates the next relative clause. |
| 9 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 10 τρόπον | det | medium | Relative determiner/pronoun modifying τρόπον. |
| 10 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 διέβη | obl | high | Accusative manner expression, ὃν τρόπον. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 13 Ἀσίαν | case | high | Preposition governing τὴν Ἀσίαν. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Ἀσίαν | det | high | Article modifying Ἀσίαν. |
| 13 | Ἀσίαν | Ἀσία | PROPN | Nb--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 διέβη | obl | high | Goal complement of διέβη. |
| 14 | διέβη | διαβαίνω | VERB | V--AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 πρόφασις | acl:relcl | high | Second coordinated relative-clause predicate. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἔσχεν | cc | high | Coordinates the third relative clause/predicate. |
| 16 | ὅσας | ὅσος | PRON | A--APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 20 πόλεις | det | high | Relative quantifier modifying πόλεις. |
| 17 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 βιασάμενος | cc | high | Coordinates the participial means phrase with the alternative finite predicate. |
| 18 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 βιασάμενος | obl | high | Dative of means with βιασάμενος. |
| 19 | βιασάμενος | βιάζω | VERB | V--AMP-N-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 21 ἔσχεν | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle, coordinated alternative to ἐποιήσατο and sharing πόλεις as object. |
| 20 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N--APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 ἔσχεν | obj | high | Object shared by βιασάμενος/ἔσχεν and understood with ἐποιήσατο. |
| 21 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V--AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 πρόφασις | acl:relcl | high | Finite predicate in the ὅσας ... πόλεις relative construction. |
| 22 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 ἐποιήσατο | cc | high | Coordinates the alternative acquisition predicate. |
| 23 | φίλας | φίλος | ADJ | A--APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 ἐποιήσατο | obj | high | Predicate/object complement describing πόλεις: made them friendly. |
| 24 | ἐποιήσατο | ποιέω | VERB | V--AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 21 ἔσχεν | conj | high | Coordinated alternative finite predicate, with πόλεις understood as object. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 πρόφασις | punct | high | |
| 26 | τάδε | ὅδε | PRON | P--APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 33 μελέτω | obj | high | Accusative object of μελέτω: these matters. |
| 27 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 26 τάδε | discourse | high | Correlative particle marking the first member of a μέν...δέ contrast, with δέ implicit or supplied by context. |
| 28 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | S--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 32 θέλουσι | det | high | Article substantivizing/introducing the dative participant. |
| 29 | ἐπίστασθαι | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V---PNM- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 32 θέλουσι | xcomp | high | Present middle infinitive dependent on θέλουσι. |
| 30 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S--APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 Μιθριδάτου | det | high | Article with Μιθριδάτου, forming the object phrase. |
| 31 | Μιθριδάτου | Μιθριδάτης | PROPN | Nb--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπίστασθαι | obj | medium | Genitive proper name; τὰ Μιθριδάτου likely means Mithridates' affairs/things, with an ellipsis or substantival use. |
| 32 | θέλουσι | θέλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 28 τοῖς | acl | high | Particularized article phrase τοῖς ... θέλουσι, those who wish. |
| 33 | μελέτω | μελέω | VERB | V-PAM-3S | Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Jussive/imperatival predicate: let it be a concern/let them attend. |
| 34 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 μελέτω | punct | high |
ἐγὼ δὲ ὅσον ἐς τὴν ἅλωσιν τὴν Ἀθηναίων ἔχει δηλώσω.
ὅσον ἐς τὴν ἅλωσιν is an elliptical limiting expression (‘as much as concerns the capture’), with Ἀθηναίων dependent on ἅλωσιν; δηλώσω is the main future verb and ἐγώ its explicit subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1NS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 10 δηλώσω | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | ConjType=Coord | 10 δηλώσω | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὅσον | ὅσος | PRON | A-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 10 δηλώσω | obl | medium | Elliptical limiting accusative: ‘as much/as far as’. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ἅλωσιν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ἅλωσιν | det | high | |
| 6 | ἅλωσιν | ἅλωσις | NOUN | N-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ὅσον | obl | high | Object of ἐς; governed noun within the elliptical ὅσον phrase. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Ἀθηναίων | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 6 ἅλωσιν | nmod | high | Ethnic noun used substantivally: ‘of the Athenians’. |
| 9 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PEI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἅλωσιν | acl:relcl | high | Relative verb with omitted/understood neuter subject or antecedent; links the scope phrase to δηλώσω. |
| 10 | δηλώσω | δηλόω | VERB | V-FAI1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 δηλώσω | punct | high |