Grammar parses for passage 1.20.3
Open translation for this passage
τοῦ Διονύσου δέ ἐστι πρὸς τῷ θεάτρῳ τὸ ἀρχαιότατον ἱερόν· δύο δέ εἰσιν ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου ναοὶ καὶ Διόνυσοι, ὅ τε Ἐλευθερεὺς καὶ ὃν Ἀλκαμένης ἐποίησεν ἐλέφαντος καὶ χρυσοῦ.
The passage has two main clauses with separate roots (ἐστι, εἰσιν) and a relative/appositive complex identifying the second group of cult images.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | P-DGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 2 Διονύσου | det | high | Article modifying Διονύσου. |
| 2 | Διονύσου | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N-PGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστι | nsubj | medium | Genitive dependent of ἐστι, likely possessive/source relation with τοῦ ιεροῦ. |
| 3 | δέ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 ἐστι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 4 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular verb of first clause. |
| 5 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 ἐστι | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | P-DNSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 θεάτρῳ | det | high | Article modifying θεάτρῳ. |
| 7 | θεάτρῳ | θέατρον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστι | obl | high | Object of πρὸς. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἱερόν | det | high | Article modifying ἱερόν. |
| 9 | ἀρχαιότατον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-NSN-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἱερόν | amod | high | Superlative adjective modifying ἱερόν. |
| 10 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Predicate nominal of ἐστι. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστι | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 12 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 14 εἰσιν | nummod | high | Numeral modifying the implied/explicit subject. |
| 13 | δέ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 14 εἰσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 14 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 15 | ἐντὸς | ἐντός | ADP | D-------- | _ | 14 εἰσιν | case | medium | Used prepositionally with genitive. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 περιβόλου | det | high | Article modifying περιβόλου. |
| 17 | περιβόλου | περίβολος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 εἰσιν | obl | high | Complement of ἐντός. |
| 18 | ναοὶ | ναός | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσιν. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 Διόνυσοι | cc | high | Connects coordinated nouns. |
| 20 | Διόνυσοι | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ναοὶ | conj | high | Coordinated with ναοὶ. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 Διόνυσοι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 22 | ὅ | ὅς | PRON | P-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 24 Ἐλευθερεὺς | det | medium | Likely relative pronoun introducing the appositive identification; morphology somewhat uncertain in context. |
| 23 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 22 ὅ | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle in correlative sequence. |
| 24 | Ἐλευθερεὺς | Ἐλευθερεύς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Διόνυσοι | appos | high | Appositive identification of Διόνυσοι. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 26 ὃν | cc | high | Connects relative clause to previous appositive element. |
| 26 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 28 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | Relative object of ἐποίησεν. |
| 27 | Ἀλκαμένης | Ἀλκαμένης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποίησεν. |
| 28 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 24 Ἐλευθερεὺς | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying Ἐλευθερεύς. |
| 29 | ἐλέφαντος | ἐλέφας | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἐποίησεν | obl | high | Material genitive dependent on ἐποίησεν. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 31 χρυσοῦ | cc | high | Connects coordinated material genitives. |
| 31 | χρυσοῦ | χρυσός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐλέφαντος | conj | high | Coordinated with ἐλέφαντος. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 εἰσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
γραφαὶ δὲ αὐτόθι Διόνυσός ἐστιν ἀνάγων Ἥφαιστον ἐς οὐρανόν·
The clause is copular with a participial predicate; γραφαὶ is taken as a nominative subject/appositive-like element, though the exact construction is somewhat textually ambiguous.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γραφαὶ | γραφή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | Predicate nominal subject; plural form may be stylistic or textual variant for expected singular. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτόθι | αὐτόθι | ADV | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 4 | Διόνυσός | Διόνυσος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | PRES_3SG | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb/copula. |
| 6 | ἀνάγων | ἀνάγω | VERB | PRES_PTCP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 Διόνυσός | acl | high | Participial modifier of Διόνυσός. |
| 7 | Ἥφαιστον | Ἥφαιστος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀνάγων | obj | high | Object of participle ἀνάγων. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 9 οὐρανόν | case | high | Preposition governing οὐρανόν. |
| 9 | οὐρανόν | οὐρανός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀνάγων | obl | high | Goal/complement of participle. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
λέγεται δὲ καὶ τάδε ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων, ὡς Ἥρα ῥίψαι γενόμενον Ἥφαιστον, ὁ δέ οἱ μνησικακῶν πέμψαι δῶρον χρυσοῦν θρόνον ἀφανεῖς δεσμοὺς ἔχοντα, καὶ τὴν μὲν ἐπεί τε ἐκαθέζετο δεδέσθαι,
The sentence contains several reported-infinitival clauses after ὡς and compressed/elliptical syntax; a few attachments, especially participles and the final clause, are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PPM/PNI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of reported speech. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 τάδε | cc | high | Connects τάδε with preceding discourse. |
| 4 | τάδε | ὅδε | PRON | PD-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 1 λέγεται | obj | high | Direct object of λέγεται. |
| 5 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 6 Ἑλλήνων | case | high | Introduces agent phrase. |
| 6 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 λέγεται | obl:agent | high | Agent in passive construction. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | mark | medium | Introduces indirect statement/content clause. |
| 9 | Ἥρα | Ἥρα | PROPN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ῥίψαι | nsubj | high | Subject of ῥίψαι in reported infinitival clause. |
| 10 | ῥίψαι | ῥίπτω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | high | Complement infinitive after ὡς. |
| 11 | γενόμενον | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMP-SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 12 Ἥφαιστον | amod | medium | Participial modifier of Ἥφαιστον; case mismatch in quoted sequence is possible in transmission. |
| 12 | Ἥφαιστον | Ἥφαιστος | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ῥίψαι | obj | high | Object of ῥίψαι. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ῥίψαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | PRON | P-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 πέμψαι | nsubj | high | Article used pronominally: 'he'. |
| 15 | δέ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 14 ὁ | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | P-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 μνησικακῶν | iobj | medium | Likely dative of advantage/reference ('to him'). |
| 17 | μνησικακῶν | μνησικακέω | VERB | V-PAP-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 πέμψαι | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying the subject of πέμψαι. |
| 18 | πέμψαι | πέμπω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 ὁ | ccomp | high | Complement infinitive dependent on implied saying/reporting context. |
| 19 | δῶρον | δῶρον | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 πέμψαι | obj | high | Direct object of πέμψαι. |
| 20 | χρυσοῦν | χρύσεος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 θρόνον | amod | high | Adnominal modifier of θρόνον. |
| 21 | θρόνον | θρόνος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 δῶρον | appos | medium | Likely appositional to δῶρον: 'a gift, a golden throne'. |
| 22 | ἀφανεῖς | ἀφανής | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 δεσμοὺς | amod | high | Adjective modifying δεσμούς. |
| 23 | δεσμοὺς | δεσμός | NOUN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἔχοντα | obj | high | Object of ἔχοντα. |
| 24 | ἔχοντα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 θρόνον | acl | medium | Participial modifier of θρόνον; agreement is irregular/unclear in the transmitted text. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 πέμψαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 τὴν | cc | high | Connects with following phrase. |
| 27 | τὴν | ὁ | PRON | P-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 32 δεδέσθαι | obj | medium | Likely anticipatory article with understood feminine noun. |
| 28 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 27 τὴν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 29 | ἐπεί | ἐπεί | SCONJ | _ | _ | 31 ἐκαθέζετο | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction. |
| 30 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 29 ἐπεί | fixed | high | Enclitic particle with ἐπεί. |
| 31 | ἐκαθέζετο | καθέζομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 32 δεδέσθαι | advcl | high | Temporal clause. |
| 32 | δεδέσθαι | δέω | VERB | V-PPN | Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 31 ἐκαθέζετο | xcomp | medium | Perfect infinitive; likely complement in reported content, though syntax is compressed. |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
θεῶν δὲ τῶν μὲν ἄλλων οὐδενὶ τὸν Ἥφαιστον ἐθέλειν πείθεσθαι, Διόνυσος δὲ--- μάλιστα γὰρ ἐς τοῦτον πιστὰ ἦν Ἡφαίστῳ---
The sentence is highly elliptical, with the first clause governed by the infinitival sequence ἐθέλειν πείθεσθαι and the second clause built around a compressed predicative phrase πιστὰ ἦν Ἡφαίστῳ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 οὐδενὶ | nmod | high | Partitive/genitive with οὐδενὶ; likely dependent on the ellipted 'of the gods' phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 9 ἐθέλειν | discourse | high | Connective particle. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἄλλων | det | high | Article with ἄλλων. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 τῶν | advmod | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 θεῶν | amod | medium | Attributive to θεῶν; structure somewhat compressed. |
| 6 | οὐδενὶ | οὐδείς | PRON | A- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 πείθεσθαι | obl | high | Dative complement with πείθεσθαι. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ἥφαιστον | det | high | Article with Ἥφαιστον. |
| 8 | Ἥφαιστον | Ἥφαιστος | PROPN | Np | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 πείθεσθαι | obj | high | Object of ἐθέλειν. |
| 9 | ἐθέλειν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 22 ἦν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἦν. |
| 10 | πείθεσθαι | πείθω | VERB | V- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 9 ἐθέλειν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἐθέλειν. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐθέλειν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | Διόνυσος | Διόνυσος | PROPN | Np | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 22 ἦν | discourse | high | Connective particle. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἦν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἦν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἦν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 17 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D- | _ | 22 ἦν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἦν. |
| 18 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 22 ἦν | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 20 τοῦτον | case | high | Preposition governing τοῦτον. |
| 20 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | Pd | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἦν | obl | high | Prepositional object with ἐς. |
| 21 | πιστὰ | πιστός | ADJ | A- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Likely predicative/adverbial neuter plural used adverbially; syntax is compressed. |
| 22 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 23 | Ἡφαίστῳ | Ἥφαιστος | PROPN | Np | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἦν | obl | high | Dative of reference/interest with πιστὰ ἦν. |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἦν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἦν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἦν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
μεθύσας αὐτὸν ἐς οὐρανὸν ἤγαγε·
Simple clause with an aorist participial adjunct preceding the main verb; the prepositional phrase expresses direction/goal.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μεθύσας | μεθύω | VERB | PAP-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἤγαγε | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, agreeing with implied subject of main verb. |
| 2 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 ἤγαγε | obj | high | Direct object of ἤγαγε. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 4 οὐρανὸν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 4 | οὐρανὸν | οὐρανός | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἤγαγε | obl | high | Goal of motion with preposition ἐς. |
| 5 | ἤγαγε | ἄγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἤγαγε | punct | high | Punctuation. |