Pausanias Analysis

Passage 1.20.3

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Passage 1.20.3: Sanctuary of Dionysus beside the theatre

Mythic Non-skeptical

Greek Text

τοῦ Διονύσου δέ ἐστι πρὸς τῷ θεάτρῳ τὸ ἀρχαιότατον ἱερόν· δύο δέ εἰσιν ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου ναοὶ καὶ Διόνυσοι, ὅ τε Ἐλευθερεὺς καὶ ὃν Ἀλκαμένης ἐποίησεν ἐλέφαντος καὶ χρυσοῦ. γραφαὶ δὲ αὐτόθι Διόνυσός ἐστιν ἀνάγων Ἥφαιστον ἐς οὐρανόν· λέγεται δὲ καὶ τάδε ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων, ὡς Ἥρα ῥίψαι γενόμενον Ἥφαιστον, ὁ δέ οἱ μνησικακῶν πέμψαι δῶρον χρυσοῦν θρόνον ἀφανεῖς δεσμοὺς ἔχοντα, καὶ τὴν μὲν ἐπεί τε ἐκαθέζετο δεδέσθαι, θεῶν δὲ τῶν μὲν ἄλλων οὐδενὶ τὸν Ἥφαιστον ἐθέλειν πείθεσθαι, Διόνυσος δὲ--- μάλιστα γὰρ ἐς τοῦτον πιστὰ ἦν Ἡφαίστῳ---μεθύσας αὐτὸν ἐς οὐρανὸν ἤγαγε· ταῦτά τε δὴ γεγραμμένα εἰσὶ καὶ Πενθεὺς καὶ Λυκοῦργος ὧν ἐς Διόνυσον ὕβρισαν διδόντες δίκας, Ἀριάδνη δὲ καθεύδουσα καὶ Θησεὺς ἀναγόμενος καὶ Διόνυσος ἥκων ἐς τῆς Ἀριάδνης τὴν ἁρπαγήν.

English Translation

The oldest sanctuary of Dionysus is beside the theatre, and within its enclosure there are two temples and two images of Dionysus: Dionysus Eleuthereus and another made of ivory and gold by Alcamenes. There are paintings here as well, depicting Dionysus guiding Hephaestus up to heaven. The Greeks also recount this story: after Hera cast Hephaestus out at his birth, he harboured resentment against her and sent her, as a gift, a golden throne furnished with invisible bonds, and when she sat upon it she was immediately bound fast. None of the gods could persuade Hephaestus to free her except Dionysus, whom Hephaestus trusted above all others. Dionysus, therefore, made him drunk and brought him back to heaven. These scenes are depicted here, along with Pentheus and Lycurgus paying the penalty for their insults against Dionysus, Ariadne asleep, Theseus setting sail, and Dionysus arriving to carry off Ariadne.

Proper Nouns

Dionysus (Διόνυσος) deity
Eleutheraeus (Ἐλευθερεύς) deity
Also in: 1.29.2
Hera (Ἥρα) deity
Hephaestus (Ἥφαιστος) deity
Hellenes (Ἕλληνες) other
Theseus (Θησεύς) person
Lycurgus (Λυκοῦργος) person
Pentheus (Πενθεύς) person
Also in: 2.2.7 9.2.4 9.5.4
Alcamenes (Ἀλκαμένης) person
Ariadne (Ἀριάδνη) person
Theatre (as in the Dionysian Theatre, a place) (θέατρον) place
heaven/sky (οὐρανός) place Q527
Also in: 2.32.1 9.17.4
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