Grammar parses for passage 1.20.6
Open translation for this passage
Ἀθηναίοις μὲν δὴ πολιορκία καθειστήκει, Ταξίλος δὲ Μιθριδάτου στρατηγὸς ἐτύγχανε μὲν περικαθήμενος Ἐλάτειαν τὴν ἐν τῇ Φωκίδι, ἀφικομένων δὲ ἀγγέλων ἀναστήσας τὸν στρατὸν ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν ἦγεν.
Two coordinated clauses: πολιορκία καθειστήκει has an impersonal-like dative experiencer; Ταξίλος is subject of ἐτύγχανε/ἦγεν, with περικαθήμενος predicative participle and ἀφικομένων ἀγγέλων genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-D-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 καθειστήκει | iobj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Db | _ | 5 καθειστήκει | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Db | _ | 5 καθειστήκει | discourse | high | |
| 4 | πολιορκία | πολιορκία | NOUN | N-N-SF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 καθειστήκει | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | καθειστήκει | καθίστημι | VERB | V-LAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Pluperfect form; sense is 'had been established/was in progress'. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 καθειστήκει | punct | high | |
| 7 | Ταξίλος | Ταξίλος | PROPN | N-N-SM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐτύγχανε | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C|||| | _ | 11 ἐτύγχανε | cc | high | |
| 9 | Μιθριδάτου | Μιθριδάτης | PROPN | N-G-SM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 στρατηγὸς | nmod | high | |
| 10 | στρατηγὸς | στρατηγός | NOUN | N-N-SM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ταξίλος | appos | high | Appositional predicate/title: general of Mithridates. |
| 11 | ἐτύγχανε | τυγχάνω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 5 καθειστήκει | conj | high | |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Db | _ | 11 ἐτύγχανε | discourse | high | |
| 13 | περικαθήμενος | περικάθημαι | VERB | V-PAP-N-SM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ἐτύγχανε | xcomp | medium | Lexically middle/deponent in meaning; participle agrees with Ταξίλος. |
| 14 | Ἐλάτειαν | Ἐλάτεια | PROPN | N-A-SF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 περικαθήμενος | obj | high | |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S-A-SF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 Ἐλάτειαν | det | high | |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 18 Φωκίδι | case | high | |
| 17 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S-D-SF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Φωκίδι | det | high | |
| 18 | Φωκίδι | Φωκίς | PROPN | N-D-SF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 Ἐλάτειαν | nmod | high | |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐτύγχανε | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἀφικομένων | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMP-G-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 23 ἀναστήσας | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with ἀγγέλων. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C|||| | _ | 20 ἀφικομένων | cc | high | |
| 22 | ἀγγέλων | ἄγγελος | NOUN | N-G-PM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἀφικομένων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 23 | ἀναστήσας | ἀνίστημι | VERB | V-AAP-N-SM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 29 ἦγεν | advcl | high | Subject is Ταξίλος. |
| 24 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S-A-SM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 στρατὸν | det | high | |
| 25 | στρατὸν | στρατός | NOUN | N-A-SM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἀναστήσας | obj | high | |
| 26 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 28 Ἀττικὴν | case | high | |
| 27 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S-A-SF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 Ἀττικὴν | det | high | |
| 28 | Ἀττικὴν | Ἀττική | PROPN | N-A-SF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἦγεν | obl | high | |
| 29 | ἦγεν | ἄγω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 11 ἐτύγχανε | conj | high | Coordinated with ἐτύγχανε; subject Ταξίλος. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 καθειστήκει | punct | high |
ἃ πυνθανόμενος ὁ στρατηγὸς τῶν Ῥωμαίων Ἀθήνας μὲν τοῦ στρατοῦ μέρει πολιορκεῖν ἀφῆκεν, αὐτὸς δὲ Ταξίλῳ τὸ πολὺ τῆς δυνάμεως ἔχων ἐς Βοιωτοὺς ἀπαντᾷ.
Relative clause ἃ πυνθανόμενος modifies the finite subject στρατηγός; μέρει is instrumental dative with πολιορκεῖν, while τὸ πολὺ τῆς δυνάμεως is the object of ἔχων. The antecedent of ἃ is context-dependent and uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | PRON-Rel-Acc-Plur-Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 2 πυνθανόμενος | obj | medium | Relative pronoun, likely object of πυνθανόμενος; antecedent is supplied by context. |
| 2 | πυνθανόμενος | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V-Part-Pres-Mid-AccSg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 4 στρατηγὸς | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with στρατηγός. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-Def- NomSg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 στρατηγὸς | det | high | |
| 4 | στρατηγὸς | στρατηγός | NOUN | N-NomSg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφῆκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀφῆκεν and understood subject of ἀπαντᾷ. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-Def- GenPl-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 Ῥωμαίων | det | high | |
| 6 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-Prop-GenPl-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Geo|Number=Plur | 4 στρατηγὸς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on στρατηγός. |
| 7 | Ἀθήνας | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N-Prop-AccPlur-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Plur | 12 πολιορκεῖν | obj | high | Object of πολιορκεῖν. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 7 Ἀθήνας | advmod | high | Correlative particle paired with δέ. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-Def- GenSg-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 στρατοῦ | det | high | |
| 10 | στρατοῦ | στρατός | NOUN | N-GenSg-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 μέρει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μέρει. |
| 11 | μέρει | μέρος | NOUN | N-DatSg-Neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 πολιορκεῖν | obl | high | Instrumental/partitive dative: with a part of the army. |
| 12 | πολιορκεῖν | πολιορκέω | VERB | V-Inf-Pres-Act | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 ἀφῆκεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to ἀφῆκεν, with στρατηγός as understood subject. |
| 13 | ἀφῆκεν | ἀφίημι | VERB | V- Impf-Aor-Act-Ind-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀφῆκεν | punct | high | |
| 15 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-Int-NomSg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 25 ἀπαντᾷ | nsubj | high | Intensive pronoun, coreferential with στρατηγός. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 ἀπαντᾷ | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite clause. |
| 17 | Ταξίλῳ | Ταξίλος | PROPN | N-Prop-DatSg-Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 25 ἀπαντᾷ | iobj | medium | Dative of opponent or encounter with ἀπαντᾷ. |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-Def- AccSg-Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 πολὺ | det | high | |
| 19 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-AccSg-Neut-Sup | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἔχων | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of ἔχων. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-Def- GenSg-Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 δυνάμεως | det | high | |
| 21 | δυνάμεως | δύναμις | NOUN | N-GenSg-Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 πολὺ | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with τὸ πολύ. |
| 22 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-Part-Pres-Act-NomSg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 ἀπαντᾷ | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with αὐτός/στρατηγός. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 Βοιωτοὺς | case | high | |
| 24 | Βοιωτοὺς | Βοιωτός | PROPN | N-Prop-AccPlur-Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NameType=Geo|Number=Plur | 25 ἀπαντᾷ | obl | high | Goal/opponent complement of ἀπαντᾷ. |
| 25 | ἀπαντᾷ | ἀπαντάω | VERB | V-Pres-Act-Ind-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 ἀφῆκεν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; subject is αὐτός. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀφῆκεν | punct | high |
Σύλλας δὲ ὡς ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν ἐπανῆλθε, τοὺς ἐναντιωθέντας Ἀθηναίων καθείρξας ἐς τὸν Κεραμεικὸν τὸν λαχόντα σφῶν ἐκ δεκάδος ἑκάστης ἐκέλευσεν ἄγεσθαι τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ.
The temporal ὡς-clause modifies ἐκέλευσεν; καθείρξας is a circumstantial participle, and τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ is an elliptical substantivized phrase, likely ‘the one sentenced to death’ or ‘the death penalty/group’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Σύλλας | Σύλλας | PROPN | N--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπανῆλθε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 ἐκέλευσεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 7 ἐπανῆλθε | mark | high | Introduces temporal clause. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Ἀττικὴν | case | high | Variant form ἐς. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | D--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀττικὴν | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἀττικὴν | Ἀττική | PROPN | Ne--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπανῆλθε | obl | high | Place name, with εἰς. |
| 7 | ἐπανῆλθε | ἐπανέρχομαι | VERB | V3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 22 ἐκέλευσεν | advcl | high | Finite verb of temporal ὡς-clause. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπανῆλθε | punct | high | |
| 9 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | D--AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐναντιωθέντας | det | high | |
| 10 | ἐναντιωθέντας | ἐναντιόομαι | VERB | V-APMPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 12 καθείρξας | obj | high | Substantivized participle, object of καθείρξας. |
| 11 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | Ne--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐναντιωθέντας | nmod | medium | Genitive of opposition/association: opponents among the Athenians. |
| 12 | καθείρξας | καθείργω | VERB | V-AAPMSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 ἐκέλευσεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Σύλλας. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 Κεραμεικὸν | case | high | Variant form ἐς. |
| 14 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | D--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Κεραμεικὸν | det | high | |
| 15 | Κεραμεικὸν | Κεραμεικός | PROPN | Ne--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 καθείρξας | obl | high | Destination of confinement. |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | D--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 λαχόντα | det | high | |
| 17 | λαχόντα | λαγχάνω | VERB | V-AAPMSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 Κεραμεικὸν | acl | medium | Participial modifier of Κεραμεικόν: the Kerameikos assigned by lot. |
| 18 | σφῶν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 λαχόντα | nmod | medium | Reflexive genitive, probably ‘of them’; antecedent is τοὺς ἐναντιωθέντας. |
| 19 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 δεκάδος | case | high | |
| 20 | δεκάδος | δεκάς | NOUN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 λαχόντα | obl | medium | Partitive/distributive phrase with λαχόντα. |
| 21 | ἑκάστης | ἕκαστος | DET | A--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 δεκάδος | amod | high | Modifies δεκάδος. |
| 22 | ἐκέλευσεν | κελεύω | VERB | V-AAAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 23 | ἄγεσθαι | ἄγω | VERB | V-PNΜ | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 22 ἐκέλευσεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive; passive meaning ‘to be led’. |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | D--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 θανάτῳ | det | medium | Determiner in elliptical substantivized phrase. |
| 25 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 θανάτῳ | case | high | |
| 26 | θανάτῳ | θάνατος | NOUN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἄγεσθαι | obl | low | Elliptical phrase τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ; syntactic interpretation is uncertain. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐκέλευσεν | punct | high |