Grammar parses for passage 1.20.6
Open translation for this passage
ἃ πυνθανόμενος ὁ στρατηγὸς τῶν Ῥωμαίων Ἀθήνας μὲν τοῦ στρατοῦ μέρει πολιορκεῖν ἀφῆκεν, αὐτὸς δὲ Ταξίλῳ τὸ πολὺ τῆς δυνάμεως ἔχων ἐς Βοιωτοὺς ἀπαντᾷ.
The first clause is a circumstantial participial construction with a complementary infinitive; the second clause is coordinated to the first main verb, with ἔχων introducing a participial circumstance.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | Pp3Np- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 2 πυνθανόμενος | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of πυνθανόμενος. |
| 2 | πυνθανόμενος | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V--PMPM-N-- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 13 ἀφῆκεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main verb. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Tra-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 στρατηγὸς | det | high | Article with στρατηγός. |
| 4 | στρατηγὸς | στρατηγός | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 πυνθανόμενος | nsubj | high | Subject of πυνθανόμενος. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Tra-GPF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 Ῥωμαίων | det | high | Article with Ῥωμαίων. |
| 6 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 στρατηγὸς | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of στρατηγός. |
| 7 | Ἀθήνας | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N--APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 πολιορκεῖν | obj | medium | Likely object of πολιορκεῖν. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 13 ἀφῆκεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Tra-GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 στρατοῦ | det | high | Article with στρατοῦ. |
| 10 | στρατοῦ | στρατός | NOUN | N--GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 μέρει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of μέρει. |
| 11 | μέρει | μέρος | NOUN | N--DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 πολιορκεῖν | obl | high | Dative of means/partitive scope with πολιορκεῖν. |
| 12 | πολιορκεῖν | πολιορκέω | VERB | V--PAN-- | Aspect=Imp|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 ἀφῆκεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive to ἀφῆκεν. |
| 13 | ἀφῆκεν | ἀφίημι | VERB | V--AAI3S- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀφῆκεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 25 ἀπαντᾷ | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject of ἀπαντᾷ. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 25 ἀπαντᾷ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 17 | Ταξίλῳ | Ταξίλης | PROPN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἔχων | obl | medium | Dative recipient/associate with ἔχων; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Tra-ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 πολὺ | det | high | Article with πολὺ. |
| 19 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A--ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 δυνάμεως | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective modifying δυνάμεως. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Tra-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 δυνάμεως | det | high | Article with δυνάμεως. |
| 21 | δυνάμεως | δύναμις | NOUN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 πολὺ | nmod | high | Genitive complement of πολὺ. |
| 22 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V--PAPM-N-- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 ἀπαντᾷ | advcl | high | Participial modifier of ἀπαντᾷ. |
| 23 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 Βοιωτοὺς | case | high | Preposition governing Βοιωτοὺς. |
| 24 | Βοιωτοὺς | Βοιωτός | PROPN | A--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἀπαντᾷ | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 25 | ἀπαντᾷ | ἀπαντάω | VERB | V--PAI3S- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 ἀφῆκεν | conj | high | Coordinated main predicate with ἀφῆκεν. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀφῆκεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Σύλλας δὲ ὡς ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν ἐπανῆλθε, τοὺς ἐναντιωθέντας Ἀθηναίων καθείρξας ἐς τὸν Κεραμεικὸν τὸν λαχόντα σφῶν ἐκ δεκάδος ἑκάστης ἐκέλευσεν ἄγεσθαι τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ.
The sentence contains layered participial syntax and an idiomatic phrase ἐπὶ θανάτῳ, with some ambiguity in how the participial clause around Κεραμεικόν is attached.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Σύλλας | Σύλλας | PROPN | NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπανῆλθε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπανῆλθε. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἐπανῆλθε | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 7 ἐπανῆλθε | mark | high | Marks the temporal clause. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 6 Ἀττικὴν | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀττικὴν. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀττικὴν | det | high | Article with Ἀττικὴν. |
| 6 | Ἀττικὴν | Ἀττική | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπανῆλθε | obl | high | Prepositional oblique of motion. |
| 7 | ἐπανῆλθε | ἐπανέρχομαι | VERB | VAAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπανῆλθε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐναντιωθέντας | det | high | Article with ἐναντιωθέντας. |
| 10 | ἐναντιωθέντας | ἐναντιόομαι | VERB | VAPPAPM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 12 καθείρξας | obj | medium | Adjectival participle, object of καθείρξας. |
| 11 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐναντιωθέντας | obl | medium | Genitive dependent of the participle; likely 'of the Athenians'. |
| 12 | καθείρξας | καθείργω | VERB | VAAAPMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 ἐκέλευσεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Σύλλας. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 15 Κεραμεικὸν | case | high | Preposition governing Κεραμεικόν. |
| 14 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Κεραμεικὸν | det | high | Article with Κεραμεικόν. |
| 15 | Κεραμεικὸν | Κεραμεικός | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 καθείρξας | obl | medium | Destination/complement associated with καθείρξας; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 λαχόντα | det | high | Article with λαχόντα. |
| 17 | λαχόντα | λαγχάνω | VERB | VAAPAPM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 Κεραμεικὸν | amod | high | Attributive participle modifying Κεραμεικόν. |
| 18 | σφῶν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 20 δεκάδος | nmod | high | Dependent genitive of measure/source with δεκάδος. |
| 19 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 20 δεκάδος | case | high | Preposition governing δεκάδος. |
| 20 | δεκάδος | δεκάς | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἑκάστης | nmod | high | Partitive/measure genitive with ἑκάστης. |
| 21 | ἑκάστης | ἕκαστος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 δεκάδος | amod | medium | Modifies δεκάδος. |
| 22 | ἐκέλευσεν | κελεύω | VERB | VAAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Main predicate; sentence has participial chains, so root assignment may be ambiguous, but this is the finite verb. |
| 23 | ἄγεσθαι | ἄγω | VERB | VNPM | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 22 ἐκέλευσεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 θανάτῳ | det | medium | Article with ἐπὶ θανάτῳ; likely elliptical noun omitted. |
| 25 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 26 θανάτῳ | case | high | Preposition governing θανάτῳ. |
| 26 | θανάτῳ | θάνατος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἄγεσθαι | obl | high | Dative with ἐπί; the phrase is probably idiomatic ('for execution/death'). |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐκέλευσεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |