Grammar parses for passage 1.20.7
Open translation for this passage
ἐρομένοις δέ σφισιν, εἰ καταλαμβάνοι τὸ χρεὼν ἤδη καὶ τὰς Ἀθήνας ἐρημωθῆναι, τούτοις ἔχρησεν ἡ Πυθία τὰ ἐς τὸν ἀσκὸν ἔχοντα.
Indirect question with an optative (καταλαμβάνοι) under a past reporting context; τὰ ἐς τὸν ἀσκὸν ἔχοντα is an elliptical accusative phrase, likely referring to the oracle's words/things concerning the sack. The agreement of ἔχοντα with τὰ is clear, but its precise semantic attachment is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐρομένοις | ἔρομαι | VERB | V-AMP-DPM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 16 ἔχρησεν | advcl | medium | Aorist middle participle, dative plural, circumstantial to ἔχρησεν; the form may be understood as ‘on asking’. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 1 ἐρομένοις | cc | high | |
| 3 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-----D-P | Case=Dative|Gender=Unspecified|Number=Plural|Person=3 | 1 ἐρομένοις | iobj | high | Dative plural personal pronoun, ‘to them’. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐρομένοις | punct | high | |
| 5 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C---- | _ | 6 καταλαμβάνοι | mark | high | Introduces the indirect question. |
| 6 | καταλαμβάνοι | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-PAO-3S | Mood=Optative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 1 ἐρομένοις | ccomp | high | Optative in an indirect question: whether the necessity would overtake/reach them. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | LNSN | Case=Nominative|Definite=Def|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 8 χρεὼν | det | high | |
| 8 | χρεὼν | χρεών | NOUN | N-S---N- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 6 καταλαμβάνοι | nsubj | medium | Impersonal/indeclinable necessity noun; parsed as subject of καταλαμβάνοι. |
| 9 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 6 καταλαμβάνοι | advmod | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἐρημωθῆναι | cc | high | Coordinates the infinitival complement with the preceding content. |
| 11 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | LAFPN | Case=Accusative|Definite=Def|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 12 Ἀθήνας | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἀθήνας | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N-P---AF- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 13 ἐρημωθῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive ἐρημωθῆναι. |
| 13 | ἐρημωθῆναι | ἐρημόω | VERB | V-APP-N | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 6 καταλαμβάνοι | xcomp | high | Accusative-and-infinitive complement coordinated with the notion of what necessity would entail. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐρημωθῆναι | punct | high | |
| 15 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | PD---D-P | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 16 ἔχρησεν | iobj | high | Dative of the persons to whom the Pythia gave the response. |
| 16 | ἔχρησεν | χράω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | ‘The Pythia gave an oracle/response’; governs τούτοις and the object τὰ ἐς ... ἔχοντα. |
| 17 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | LNSF | Case=Nominative|Definite=Def|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 18 Πυθία | det | high | |
| 18 | Πυθία | Πυθία | PROPN | N-S---NF- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 16 ἔχρησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | LNAPN | Case=Accusative|Definite=Def|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 23 ἔχοντα | det | high | Substantivally used with ἔχοντα, ‘the things/words having ...’. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 ἀσκὸν | case | high | |
| 21 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | LASM | Case=Accusative|Definite=Def|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 22 ἀσκὸν | det | high | |
| 22 | ἀσκὸν | ἀσκός | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 20 ἐς | obl | high | Object of ἐς, ‘toward/concerning the sack’. |
| 23 | ἔχοντα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 16 ἔχρησεν | obj | medium | Accusative neuter plural participle agreeing with substantival τὰ; elliptical expression. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἔχρησεν | punct | high |
Σύλλᾳ δὲ ὕστερον τούτων ἐνέπεσεν ἡ νόσος, ᾗ καὶ τὸν Σύριον Φερεκύδην ἁλῶναι πυνθάνομαι.
The dative Σύλλᾳ is the experiencer/possessor of νόσος; ᾗ is a relative dative referring to νόσος and introduces the comparative explanatory clause, with τὸν Σύριον Φερεκύδην as the accusative subject of complementary infinitive ἁλῶναι governed by πυνθάνομαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Σύλλᾳ | Σύλλας | PROPN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐνέπεσεν | iobj | high | Dative experiencer associated with ἐνέπεσεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἐνέπεσεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | A----NAS- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐνέπεσεν | advmod | medium | Temporal adverbial accusative, substantivized; agrees in form with neuter singular. |
| 4 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | P---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 3 ὕστερον | obl | high | Genitive of comparison/sequence with ὕστερον. |
| 5 | ἐνέπεσεν | ἐμπίπτω | VERB | V---3SAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 νόσος | det | high | |
| 7 | νόσος | νόσος | NOUN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐνέπεσεν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐνέπεσεν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ᾗ | ὅς | PRON | P---DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 14 ἁλῶναι | obl | medium | Relative dative referring to νόσος; interpreted as the circumstance/condition in which the report holds. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἁλῶναι | cc | high | |
| 11 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Φερεκύδην | det | high | |
| 12 | Σύριον | Σύριος | ADJ | A--ASM- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Φερεκύδην | amod | high | Ethnic adjective modifying Φερεκύδην. |
| 13 | Φερεκύδην | Φερεκύδης | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἁλῶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive ἁλῶναι. |
| 14 | ἁλῶναι | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V---AAN- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 15 πυνθάνομαι | xcomp | high | Aorist passive infinitive, ‘be captured’; complement of πυνθάνομαι. |
| 15 | πυνθάνομαι | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V---1SPI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 5 ἐνέπεσεν | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical first-person verb of hearing/learning; the relative clause is attached to this report. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐνέπεσεν | punct | high |
Ἀθῆναι μὲν οὕτως ὑπὸ τοῦ πολέμου κακωθεῖσαι τοῦ Ῥωμαίων αὖθις Ἀδριανοῦ βασιλεύοντος ἤνθησαν·
Ἀθῆναι is the nominative subject; κακωθεῖσαι is a nominative circumstantial participle, with τοῦ πολέμου as agent phrase. τοῦ Ῥωμαίων is the genitive of possession/pertinence modifying πολέμου, while Ἀδριανοῦ βασιλεύοντος is a genitive absolute. The postposed μὲν sets up an implicit contrast.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθῆναι | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N----P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 ἤνθησαν | nsubj | high | Nominative plural subject, Athens. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 13 ἤνθησαν | discourse | high | Correlative particle; corresponding δέ is outside this sentence. |
| 3 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 κακωθεῖσαι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the participial clause. |
| 4 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 κακωθεῖσαι | case | high | Preposition introducing the agent of the passive participle. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 πολέμου | det | high | Article agreeing with πολέμου. |
| 6 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 κακωθεῖσαι | obl:agent | high | Agent of κακωθεῖσαι with ὑπό. |
| 7 | κακωθεῖσαι | κακόω | VERB | V-APP-NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 13 ἤνθησαν | advcl | high | Aorist passive nominative participle agreeing with Ἀθῆναι; circumstantial. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Ῥωμαίων | det | high | Article agreeing with Ῥωμαίων. |
| 9 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 πολέμου | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on πολέμου, likely ‘the war of the Romans’; article-noun order is discontinuous. |
| 10 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 ἤνθησαν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἤνθησαν. |
| 11 | Ἀδριανοῦ | Ἁδριανός | PROPN | A----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 βασιλεύοντος | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject. |
| 12 | βασιλεύοντος | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ἤνθησαν | advcl | high | Present active genitive participle forming a genitive absolute with Ἀδριανοῦ. |
| 13 | ἤνθησαν | ἀνθέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Finite predicate, ‘flourished again’; form may be interpreted as aorist or imperfect in context. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἤνθησαν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |