Grammar parses for passage 1.21.1
Open translation for this passage
ὅτι μὴ γὰρ Μένανδρος, οὐδεὶς ἦν ποιητὴς κωμῳδίας τῶν ἐς δόξαν ἡκόντων.
The syntax is elliptical: ὅτι introduces indirect discourse, and the main predication is copular with a predicate noun; the participial phrase τῶν ἐς δόξαν ἡκόντων modifies ποιητής substantivally.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἦν | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing the clause. |
| 2 | μὴ | μή | PART | PRT | _ | 4 Μένανδρος | advmod | medium | Likely negative particle with the proper name in this parenthetical/explanatory clause; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PRT | _ | 7 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | Μένανδρος | Μένανδρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | οὐδεὶς | οὐδείς | PRON | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ποιητὴς | nsubj | high | Predicate nominative functioning as subject complement with ἦν. |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 8 | ποιητὴς | ποιητής | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate noun complement of ἦν. |
| 9 | κωμῳδίας | κωμῳδία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ποιητὴς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ποιητής. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 ἡκόντων | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 δόξαν | case | high | Preposition governing δόξαν. |
| 12 | δόξαν | δόξα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἡκόντων | obl | high | Object of the preposition. |
| 13 | ἡκόντων | ἥκω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ποιητὴς | acl | medium | Attributive participial modifier of ποιητής; article makes it substantival ('those who have attained fame'). |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τραγῳδίας δὲ κεῖνται τῶν φανερῶν Εὐριπίδης καὶ Σοφοκλῆς.
Syntax is slightly elliptical; τραγῳδίας δὲ likely forms a genitive frame with κεῖνται, while φανερῶν is treated as a substantival genitive modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τραγῳδίας | τραγῳδία | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 κεῖνται | obl | high | Genitive of reference/subject matter with κεῖνται. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 κεῖνται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | κεῖνται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-3PPI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-X---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 φανερῶν | det | high | Article modifying φανερῶν. |
| 5 | φανερῶν | φανερός | ADJ | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 κεῖνται | nmod | medium | Substantival adjective, probably dependent on κεῖνται in genitive plural. |
| 6 | Εὐριπίδης | Εὐριπίδης | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 κεῖνται | nsubj | high | First coordinated subject. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 Σοφοκλῆς | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 8 | Σοφοκλῆς | Σοφοκλῆς | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Εὐριπίδης | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 κεῖνται | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
λέγεται δὲ Σοφοκλέους τελευτήσαντος ἐσβαλεῖν ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν Λακεδαιμονίους, καὶ σφῶν τὸν ἡγούμενον ἰδεῖν ἐπιστάντα οἱ Διόνυσον κελεύειν τιμαῖς, ὅσαι καθεστήκασιν ἐπὶ τοῖς τεθνεῶσι, τὴν Σειρῆνα τὴν νέαν τιμᾶν·
Reported speech is nested and compressed; the genitive absolute and the accusative-with-infinitive constructions create the main syntactic difficulty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PPM/P-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main report verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | Σοφοκλέους | Σοφοκλῆς | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τελευτήσαντος | nsubj | medium | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 4 | τελευτήσαντος | τελευτάω | VERB | V-AAP-AGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἐσβαλεῖν | advcl | high | Participle heading genitive absolute. |
| 5 | ἐσβαλεῖν | ἐσβάλλω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | xcomp | high | Complement of λέγεται. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 5 ἐσβαλεῖν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Ἀττικὴν | det | high | Article. |
| 8 | Ἀττικὴν | Ἀττική | PROPN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐσβαλεῖν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 9 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐσβαλεῖν | obj | high | Subject accusative of the infinitive. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐσβαλεῖν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 19 κελεύειν | cc | high | Coordinates with following infinitival clause. |
| 12 | σφῶν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 14 ἡγούμενον | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of ἡγούμενον; referent uncertain. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-ASM- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ἡγούμενον | det | high | Article. |
| 14 | ἡγούμενον | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-PMP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 19 κελεύειν | obj | medium | Accusative participle functioning as object to infinitive; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 15 | ἰδεῖν | ὁράω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 κελεύειν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement. |
| 16 | ἐπιστάντα | ἐφίστημι | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἰδεῖν | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle with ἰδεῖν. |
| 17 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-D??- | _ | 18 Διόνυσον | det | low | Likely article with Διόνυσον; form is unusual/possibly dative pronoun in context. |
| 18 | Διόνυσον | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 κελεύειν | nsubj | high | Subject of κελεύειν in reported speech. |
| 19 | κελεύειν | κελεύω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | high | Second reported infinitival clause. |
| 20 | τιμαῖς | τιμή | NOUN | N-DFP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 32 τιμᾶν | obl | medium | Dative of means/instrument with τιμᾶν. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 κελεύειν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 22 | ὅσαι | ὅσος | DET | P-NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 23 καθεστήκασιν | nsubj | high | Relative determiner/pronoun. |
| 23 | καθεστήκασιν | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 22 ὅσαι | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying τιμαῖς. |
| 24 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 23 καθεστήκασιν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 25 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-DPN- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 τεθνεῶσι | det | high | Article. |
| 26 | τεθνεῶσι | θνῄσκω | VERB | V-RAP-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 καθεστήκασιν | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ἐπί. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 καθεστήκασιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 28 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 Σειρῆνα | det | high | Article. |
| 29 | Σειρῆνα | Σειρήν | NOUN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 τιμᾶν | obj | high | Direct object of τιμᾶν. |
| 30 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 νέαν | det | high | Article. |
| 31 | νέαν | νέος | ADJ | A-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 Σειρῆνα | amod | high | Attributive adjective. |
| 32 | τιμᾶν | τιμάω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 κελεύειν | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on κελεύειν. |
| 33 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high | Punctuation. |