Grammar parses for passage 1.21.1
Open translation for this passage
εἰσὶ δὲ Ἀθηναίοις εἰκόνες ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ καὶ τραγῳδίας καὶ κωμῳδίας ποιητῶν, αἱ πολλαὶ τῶν ἀφανεστέρων·
The copula εἰσὶ has a postposed predicative subject: εἰκόνες, with Ἀθηναίοις as dative of possession/reference. The coordinated genitives τραγῳδίας καὶ κωμῳδίας ποιητῶν depend on εἰκόνες; αἱ πολλαὶ τῶν ἀφανεστέρων is an appended restrictive/partitive phrase, with αἱ πολλαί agreeing with εἰκόνες and τῶν ἀφανεστέρων partitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 εἰκόνες | cop | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | X-------- | _ | 4 εἰκόνες | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 εἰκόνες | iobj | high | Dative of possession/reference with εἰσί. |
| 4 | εἰκόνες | εἰκών | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 θεάτρῳ | case | high | |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 θεάτρῳ | det | high | |
| 7 | θεάτρῳ | θέατρον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 εἰκόνες | obl | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 τραγῳδίας | cc | high | |
| 9 | τραγῳδίας | τραγῳδία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 εἰκόνες | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on εἰκόνες; coordinated with κωμῳδίας. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 κωμῳδίας | cc | high | |
| 11 | κωμῳδίας | κωμῳδία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 τραγῳδίας | conj | high | |
| 12 | ποιητῶν | ποιητής | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 τραγῳδίας | nmod | high | Genitive of the poets who composed the tragedies and comedies. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εἰκόνες | punct | high | |
| 14 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 πολλαὶ | det | high | |
| 15 | πολλαὶ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 εἰκόνες | appos | medium | Substantivized adjective, referring back to εἰκόνες. |
| 16 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀφανεστέρων | det | high | |
| 17 | ἀφανεστέρων | ἀφανής | ADJ | A-GPM-S | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 πολλαὶ | nmod | medium | Substantivized comparative adjective, partitive genitive; gender is conventionally masculine plural for people. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εἰκόνες | punct | high |
ὅτι μὴ γὰρ Μένανδρος, οὐδεὶς ἦν ποιητὴς κωμῳδίας τῶν ἐς δόξαν ἡκόντων.
Elliptical comparative/exclusion clause: γάρ introduces the explanation, with μὴ Μένανδρος understood as ‘if/except for Menander’; οὐδείς is the subject of ἦν, and τῶν ... ἡκόντων is a partitive/genitive-relative phrase modifying ποιητής.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | PronType=Rel | 7 ἦν | mark | medium | Causal/complementizer ὅτι; here likely introduces the explanatory clause. |
| 2 | μὴ | μή | PART | Q | Polarity=Neg | 4 Μένανδρος | advmod | medium | Negator in the elliptical exception/exclusion phrase μὴ Μένανδρος. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G | _ | 7 ἦν | discourse | high | Explanatory connective. |
| 4 | Μένανδρος | Μένανδρος | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | parataxis | medium | Nominative proper name in an elliptical phrase, likely ‘except/if not Menander’; relation is structurally uncertain. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 6 | οὐδεὶς | οὐδείς | PRON | Pdx-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 7 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect copular predicate. |
| 8 | ποιητὴς | ποιητής | NOUN | Nb-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominal with ἦν. |
| 9 | κωμῳδίας | κωμῳδία | NOUN | Nb-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ποιητὴς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ποιητής, ‘poet of comedy’. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Rd-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 ἡκόντων | det | high | Article introducing the substantivized participial group. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 12 δόξαν | case | high | Preposition governing δόξαν. |
| 12 | δόξαν | δόξα | NOUN | Nb-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἡκόντων | obl | high | Object of ἐς in the idiom ἐς δόξαν ἥκω, ‘come to fame’. |
| 13 | ἡκόντων | ἥκω | VERB | V--pegm--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ποιητὴς | nmod | high | Substantivized genitive present participle, modifying/expanding τῶν and partitive with ποιητής. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high |
τραγῳδίας δὲ κεῖνται τῶν φανερῶν Εὐριπίδης καὶ Σοφοκλῆς.
The clause is elliptical: κεῖνται is plural and agrees with the coordinated authors, while τραγῳδίας is a fronted genitive of respect/topic (‘in tragedy’); τῶν φανερῶν is an attributive genitive plural, probably modifying τραγῳδίας, though its exact scope is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τραγῳδίας | τραγῳδία | NOUN | N-GF-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 κεῖνται | obl | medium | Fronted genitive of respect/topic with κεῖνται; construction is somewhat elliptical. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 κεῖνται | cc | high | |
| 3 | κεῖνται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V3PPMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Plural predicate agreeing with the coordinated authors; semantically ‘are placed/stand’ or ‘are ranked’. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GF-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 φανερῶν | det | medium | Genitive article modifying φανερῶν, with the phrase likely dependent on τραγῳδίας. |
| 5 | φανερῶν | φανερός | ADJ | A-GF-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 τραγῳδίας | amod | medium | Genitive adjective; likely substantivally or attributively ‘the notable/obvious [tragedies]’. |
| 6 | Εὐριπίδης | Εὐριπίδης | PROPN | N-NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 κεῖνται | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 Εὐριπίδης | cc | high | |
| 8 | Σοφοκλῆς | Σοφοκλῆς | PROPN | N-NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Εὐριπίδης | conj | high | |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 κεῖνται | punct | high |
λέγεται δὲ Σοφοκλέους τελευτήσαντος ἐσβαλεῖν ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν Λακεδαιμονίους, καὶ σφῶν τὸν ἡγούμενον ἰδεῖν ἐπιστάντα οἱ Διόνυσον κελεύειν τιμαῖς, ὅσαι καθεστήκασιν ἐπὶ τοῖς τεθνεῶσι, τὴν Σειρῆνα τὴν νέαν τιμᾶν·
Infinitival indirect discourse depends on λέγεται: Σοφοκλέους τελευτήσαντος is a genitive absolute; Λακεδαιμονίους is the subject of ἐσβαλεῖν, while τὸν ἡγούμενον is the subject of ἰδεῖν and κελεύειν, with οἱ marking the recipient. The relative clause modifies τιμαῖς and the final infinitive τιμᾶν is governed by κελεύειν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-3SPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | Σοφοκλέους | Σοφοκλῆς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τελευτήσαντος | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject. |
| 4 | τελευτήσαντος | τελευτάω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἐσβαλεῖν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 5 | ἐσβαλεῖν | ἐσβάλλω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | high | Infinitive of reported event. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Ἀττικὴν | case | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀττικὴν | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀττικὴν | Ἀττική | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐσβαλεῖν | obl | high | |
| 9 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐσβαλεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐσβαλεῖν | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἰδεῖν | cc | high | Coordinates infinitival events. |
| 12 | σφῶν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-GP | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 14 ἡγούμενον | nmod | medium | Possessive genitive, ‘their leader’. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἡγούμενον | det | high | |
| 14 | ἡγούμενον | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-PMP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 ἰδεῖν | nsubj | high | Substantival participle, subject of ἰδεῖν. |
| 15 | ἰδεῖν | ὁράω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 ἐσβαλεῖν | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive. |
| 16 | ἐπιστάντα | ἐφίστημι | VERB | V-2AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἰδεῖν | advcl | medium | Accusative participle, likely circumstantial with ἰδεῖν: ‘having stood by/appeared’. |
| 17 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 19 κελεύειν | iobj | high | Dative recipient with κελεύειν. |
| 18 | Διόνυσον | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἰδεῖν | obj | high | Object of ἰδεῖν. |
| 19 | κελεύειν | κελεύω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 ἰδεῖν | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive; governs οἱ and τιμᾶν. |
| 20 | τιμαῖς | τιμή | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 32 τιμᾶν | obl | high | Dative of manner/means with τιμᾶν. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 τιμαῖς | punct | high | |
| 22 | ὅσαι | ὅσος | PRON | P-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 καθεστήκασιν | nsubj | high | Relative subject, agreeing with τιμαῖς. |
| 23 | καθεστήκασιν | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RPAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 20 τιμαῖς | acl:relcl | high | |
| 24 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 τεθνεῶσι | case | high | |
| 25 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 τεθνεῶσι | det | high | |
| 26 | τεθνεῶσι | θνῄσκω | VERB | V-RAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 καθεστήκασιν | obl | high | Substantival perfect participle, ‘the dead’. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 τιμᾶν | punct | high | |
| 28 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 Σειρῆνα | det | high | |
| 29 | Σειρῆνα | Σειρήν | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 τιμᾶν | obj | high | Object of τιμᾶν. |
| 30 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 νέαν | det | high | |
| 31 | νέαν | νέος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 Σειρῆνα | amod | high | ‘the new [one]’. |
| 32 | τιμᾶν | τιμάω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 κελεύειν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of κελεύειν. |
| 33 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high |