Grammar parses for passage 1.22.4
Open translation for this passage
ἐς δὲ τὴν ἀκρόπολίν ἐστιν ἔσοδος μία· ἑτέραν δὲ οὐ παρέχεται, πᾶσα ἀπότομος οὖσα καὶ τεῖχος ἔχουσα ἐχυρόν.
The first clause presents a single entrance to the acropolis; the second coordinates a negated verb with a substantivized ἑτέραν, followed by circumstantial participles describing the acropolis.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 6 ἔσοδος | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἔσοδος | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀκρόπολίν | det | high | |
| 4 | ἀκρόπολίν | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἔσοδος | obl | high | Goal complement of εἰς. |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἔσοδος | cop | high | |
| 6 | ἔσοδος | ἔσοδος | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/presentational clause. |
| 7 | μία | εἷς | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἔσοδος | amod | high | |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔσοδος | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἑτέραν | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 παρέχεται | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘another [entrance]’; antecedent is ἔσοδος. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 παρέχεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 11 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | ADV-NEG | Polarity=Neg | 12 παρέχεται | advmod | high | |
| 12 | παρέχεται | παρέχω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 6 ἔσοδος | conj | high | Impersonal/passive-like ‘is provided/afforded’. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 παρέχεται | punct | high | |
| 14 | πᾶσα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀπότομος | amod | high | Predicative subject of οὖσα, referring to the acropolis. |
| 15 | ἀπότομος | ἀπότομος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 οὖσα | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with οὖσα. |
| 16 | οὖσα | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 παρέχεται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle explaining why no other entrance is provided. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἔχουσα | cc | high | |
| 18 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἔχουσα | obj | high | |
| 19 | ἔχουσα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 οὖσα | conj | high | Coordinated with οὖσα; subject is πᾶσα ἀκρόπολις understood. |
| 20 | ἐχυρόν | ἐχυρός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 τεῖχος | amod | high | |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔσοδος | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ προπύλαια λίθου λευκοῦ τὴν ὀροφὴν ἔχει καὶ κόσμῳ καὶ μεγέθει τῶν λίθων μέχρι γε καὶ ἐμοῦ προεῖχε.
The neuter plural subject προπύλαια has ἔχει as its finite verb; λίθου λευκοῦ is a genitive material/construction phrase, while τὴν ὀροφὴν is the object. κόσμῳ and μεγέθει are coordinated datives of respect/standard with προεῖχε; μέχρι γε καὶ ἐμοῦ is a scalar prepositional phrase, with ἐμοῦ genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-N——NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 προπύλαια | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 προεῖχε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | προπύλαια | προπύλαιον | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἔχει | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔχει | nmod | medium | Genitive of material/construction. |
| 5 | λευκοῦ | λευκός | ADJ | A-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 λίθου | amod | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-S——FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ὀροφὴν | det | high | |
| 7 | ὀροφὴν | ὀροφή | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔχει | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Singular verb with neuter plural subject, as regular in Ancient Greek. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 κόσμῳ | cc | high | |
| 10 | κόσμῳ | κόσμος | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 προεῖχε | obl | medium | Dative of respect/standard. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 μεγέθει | cc | high | |
| 12 | μεγέθει | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 κόσμῳ | conj | medium | Coordinated dative of respect/standard; coordination attachment is uncertain. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-P——NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 λίθων | det | high | |
| 14 | λίθων | λίθος | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 μεγέθει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μεγέθει. |
| 15 | μέχρι | μέχρι | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 ἐμοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 16 | γε | γε | PART | X-------- | _ | 15 μέχρι | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἐμοῦ | cc | high | Emphatic καί within the prepositional phrase. |
| 18 | ἐμοῦ | ἐγώ | PRON | P1-SG--- | Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 19 προεῖχε | obl | high | |
| 19 | προεῖχε | προέχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 8 ἔχει | conj | medium | Coordinated finite verb; subject προπύλαια is shared with ἔχει. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔχει | punct | high |
τὰς μὲν οὖν εἰκόνας τῶν ἱππέων οὐκ ἔχω σαφῶς εἰπεῖν, εἴτε οἱ παῖδές εἰσιν οἱ Ξενοφῶντος εἴτε ἄλλως ἐς εὐπρέπειαν πεποιημέναι·
The main predicate ἔχω governs an infinitival complement εἰπεῖν; τὰς εἰκόνας is its accusative object, with τῶν ἱππέων dependent on εἰκόνας. The alternative clause is elliptical: εἴτε [οἱ παῖδές] εἰσιν οἱ Ξενοφῶντος εἴτε [εἰκόνες] ἄλλως ... πεποιημέναι; πεποιημέναι agrees with the understood/antecedent feminine plural εἰκόνας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 εἰκόνας | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G----- | _ | 8 ἔχω | discourse | high | Correlative particle; οὖν follows. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G----- | _ | 8 ἔχω | discourse | high | |
| 4 | εἰκόνας | εἰκών | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἔχω | obj | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἱππέων | det | high | |
| 6 | ἱππέων | ἱππεύς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 εἰκόνας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on εἰκόνας. |
| 7 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D----- | Polarity=Neg | 8 ἔχω | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἔχω | ἔχω | VERB | V-PIA-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | σαφῶς | σαφῶς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 10 εἰπεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | εἰπεῖν | λέγω | VERB | V-2AAN | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 ἔχω | xcomp | high | Infinitive of saying, complement of ἔχω. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔχω | punct | high | |
| 12 | εἴτε | εἴτε | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 εἰσιν | mark | high | Introduces first alternative. |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 παῖδές | det | high | |
| 14 | παῖδές | παῖς | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἔχω | ccomp | high | First εἴτε alternative. |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 Ξενοφῶντος | det | high | |
| 17 | Ξενοφῶντος | Ξενοφῶν | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 παῖδές | nmod | high | Articular genitive phrase οἱ Ξενοφῶντος, ‘Xenophon’s’; οἱ is substantivizing. |
| 18 | εἴτε | εἴτε | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 πεποιημέναι | mark | high | Introduces second alternative. |
| 19 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 22 πεποιημέναι | advmod | high | |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 εὐπρέπειαν | case | high | |
| 21 | εὐπρέπειαν | εὐπρέπεια | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 πεποιημέναι | obl | high | Goal/purpose expression with ἐς. |
| 22 | πεποιημέναι | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMP-NPF | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 εἰσιν | conj | medium | Elliptical second alternative; feminine plural agrees with understood εἰκόνες, though the coordination is structurally compressed. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔχω | punct | high |
τῶν δὲ προπυλαίων ἐν δεξιᾷ Νίκης ἐστὶν Ἀπτέρου ναός.
The sentence means that on the right of the Propylaia stands the temple of Wingless Nike; Νίκης is genitive, with Ἀπτέρου agreeing with it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 προπυλαίων | det | high | Genitive plural article modifying προπυλαίων. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ναός | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | προπυλαίων | προπύλαιον | NOUN | N-----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 δεξιᾷ | nmod | high | Genitive of reference/partitive with δεξιᾷ: on the right side of the Propylaia. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 δεξιᾷ | case | high | Preposition governing δεξιᾷ. |
| 5 | δεξιᾷ | δεξιός | ADJ | A-NSF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστὶν | obl | high | Substantivized feminine dative, ‘on the right’. |
| 6 | Νίκης | Νίκη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀπτέρου | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Ἀπτέρου, ‘of Wingless Nike’. |
| 7 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential predicate. |
| 8 | Ἀπτέρου | ἄπτερος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ναός | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of Νίκης in the proper name/title. |
| 9 | ναός | ναός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of ἐστίν. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
ἐντεῦθεν ἡ θάλασσά ἐστι σύνοπτος, καὶ ταύτῃ ῥίψας Αἰγεὺς ἑαυτὸν ὡς λέγουσιν ἐτελεύτησεν.
The first clause is existential/copular: θάλασσα is subject and σύνοπτος predicate adjective, with ἐστι as root. In the coordinated clause, ταύτῃ is an instrumental/demonstrative adverbial referring to the place or manner; ῥίψας is a circumstantial participle with Αἰγεὺς as its subject, and ὡς λέγουσιν is an inserted parenthetical reporting clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | D | PronType=Dem | 4 ἐστι | advmod | high | Locative adverb, ‘from here/hence’. |
| 2 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RAFSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 θάλασσά | det | high | |
| 3 | θάλασσά | θάλασσα | NOUN | NFSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Final acute reflects sentence accentuation before enclitic/verb context. |
| 4 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb. |
| 5 | σύνοπτος | σύνοπτος | ADJ | A-S---NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with θάλασσα. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | U | _ | 4 ἐστι | punct | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 14 ἐτελεύτησεν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite clause with the first. |
| 8 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | RD--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 ῥίψας | obl | medium | Dative is plausibly instrumental or locative adverbial; antecedent/context is elliptical. |
| 9 | ῥίψας | ῥίπτω | VERB | V-AAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἐτελεύτησεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, subject controlled by Αἰγεὺς. |
| 10 | Αἰγεὺς | Αἰγεύς | PROPN | N-P---NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐτελεύτησεν | nsubj | high | Proper name, nominative subject of ἐτελεύτησεν and participial subject. |
| 11 | ἑαυτὸν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P----ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rfl | 9 ῥίψας | obj | high | Reflexive object of ῥίψας. |
| 12 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 λέγουσιν | mark | high | Introduces the parenthetical reporting clause. |
| 13 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V3PPIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 ἐτελεύτησεν | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical impersonal ‘as they say’; attachment to the main proposition is interpretive. |
| 14 | ἐτελεύτησεν | τελευτάω | VERB | V3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 καὶ | conj | high | Finite verb of the coordinated second clause. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | U | _ | 14 ἐτελεύτησεν | punct | high |