Grammar parses for passage 1.22.4
Open translation for this passage
ἐς δὲ τὴν ἀκρόπολίν ἐστιν ἔσοδος μία· ἑτέραν δὲ οὐ παρέχεται, πᾶσα ἀπότομος οὖσα καὶ τεῖχος ἔχουσα ἐχυρόν.
Syntax is paratactic: a copular clause with ἔσοδος as subject, followed by a second clause with παρέχεται and a trailing participial description of the acropolis.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Pp | _ | 4 ἀκρόπολίν | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G | _ | 5 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἀκρόπολίν | det | high | Definite article. |
| 4 | ἀκρόπολίν | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | obl | high | Object of the preposition ἐς. |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3spia-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/root verb introducing the clause. |
| 6 | ἔσοδος | ἔσοδος | NOUN | N-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 7 | μία | εἷς | ADJ | A-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Sing | 6 ἔσοδος | amod | high | Attributive numeral agreeing with ἔσοδος. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high | Middle dot punctuation. |
| 9 | ἑτέραν | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 παρέχεται | obj | medium | Likely object/complement of παρέχεται, referring to another entrance. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G | _ | 12 παρέχεται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 11 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D | Polarity=Neg | 12 παρέχεται | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 12 | παρέχεται | παρέχω | VERB | V-3spim-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 5 ἐστιν | parataxis | high | Paratactic clause dependent on the first statement. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 παρέχεται | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 14 | πᾶσα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀπότομος | amod | high | Modifier of ἀπότομος. |
| 15 | ἀπότομος | ἀπότομος | ADJ | A-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 παρέχεται | advcl | medium | Predicative participial-adjectival clause modifying the verb. |
| 16 | οὖσα | εἰμί | VERB | V-sppafn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἀπότομος | cop | medium | Participle; parsed as copular/aux-like dependent of ἀπότομος. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G | _ | 18 τεῖχος | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 18 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἔχουσα | obj | high | Object of ἔχουσα. |
| 19 | ἔχουσα | ἔχω | VERB | V-sppafn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἀπότομος | conj | medium | Participial modifier coordinated with the previous participial predicate. |
| 20 | ἐχυρόν | ἐχυρός | ADJ | A-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 τεῖχος | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying τεῖχος. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τὰ δὲ προπύλαια λίθου λευκοῦ τὴν ὀροφὴν ἔχει καὶ κόσμῳ καὶ μεγέθει τῶν λίθων μέχρι γε καὶ ἐμοῦ προεῖχε.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: προπύλαια is object of ἔχει, with ὀροφήν as an additional accusative complement and the dative phrases κόσμῳ / μεγέθει expressing respect or manner.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | TRD-AP--- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 προπύλαια | det | high | Article modifying προπύλαια. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 προπύλαια | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | προπύλαια | πρόπυλον | NOUN | N-NPN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἔχει | obj | high | Direct object of ἔχει. |
| 4 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ὀροφὴν | nmod | medium | Dependent genitive modifying ὀροφήν. |
| 5 | λευκοῦ | λευκός | ADJ | A-GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 λίθου | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of λίθου. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | TRF-S--- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ὀροφὴν | det | high | Article modifying ὀροφὴν. |
| 7 | ὀροφὴν | ὀροφή | NOUN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔχει | obj | high | Secondary object/complement with ἔχει; likely inner object of possession/description. |
| 8 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 κόσμῳ | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 10 | κόσμῳ | κόσμος | NOUN | N-DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔχει | obl | high | Dative of respect/means with ἔχει. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 μεγέθει | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 12 | μεγέθει | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-DSN--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἔχει | obl | high | Dative of respect/degree with ἔχει. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | TRM-P--- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 λίθων | det | high | Article modifying λίθων. |
| 14 | λίθων | λίθος | NOUN | N-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 μεγέθει | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of μεγέθει. |
| 15 | μέχρι | μέχρι | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 ἐμοῦ | case | high | Introduces genitive phrase. |
| 16 | γε | γε | PART | G-------- | _ | 18 ἐμοῦ | discourse | high | Enclitic emphasis particle. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἐμοῦ | cc | high | Coordinator in the μέχρι phrase. |
| 18 | ἐμοῦ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1GS--- | Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 19 προεῖχε | obl | high | Genitive complement of μέχρι. |
| 19 | προεῖχε | προέχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 ἔχει | conj | high | Conjoined verb with ἔχει; imperfect indicative. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔχει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τὰς μὲν οὖν εἰκόνας τῶν ἱππέων οὐκ ἔχω σαφῶς εἰπεῖν, εἴτε οἱ παῖδές εἰσιν οἱ Ξενοφῶντος εἴτε ἄλλως ἐς εὐπρέπειαν πεποιημέναι·
The structure is coordinated/alternative: the main clause has ἔχω + infinitive, followed by a quoted or dependent disjunctive clause with two εἴτε branches; the participle πεποιημέναι functions as a predicate modifier of εἰκόνας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | Atf-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 εἰκόνας | det | high | Article modifying εἰκόνας. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Pt | _ | 4 εἰκόνας | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | Pt | _ | 4 εἰκόνας | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | εἰκόνας | εἰκών | NOUN | Ncfp---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἔχω | obj | high | Object of ἔχω. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Atf-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἱππέων | det | high | Article modifying ἱππέων. |
| 6 | ἱππέων | ἱππεύς | NOUN | Ncmp---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 εἰκόνας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of εἰκόνας. |
| 7 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | Pt | _ | 8 ἔχω | advmod | high | Negation with ἔχω. |
| 8 | ἔχω | ἔχω | VERB | V-1spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause verb. |
| 9 | σαφῶς | σαφῶς | ADV | Df | _ | 10 εἰπεῖν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying εἰπεῖν. |
| 10 | εἰπεῖν | λέγω | VERB | V-2aan--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 ἔχω | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with ἔχω. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔχω | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 12 | εἴτε | εἴτε | SCONJ | Css | _ | 15 εἰσιν | mark | medium | Introduces first disjunctive alternative. |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Atm-p---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 παῖδές | det | high | Article modifying παῖδές. |
| 14 | παῖδές | παῖς | NOUN | Ncmp---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Predicate subject of εἰσιν. |
| 15 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 22 πεποιημέναι | cop | high | Copula with πεποιημέναι. |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Atm-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 Ξενοφῶντος | det | high | Article with Ξενοφῶντος. |
| 17 | Ξενοφῶντος | Ξενοφῶν | PROPN | Npmsg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 παῖδές | nmod | medium | Genitive of possession/modification with παῖδες. |
| 18 | εἴτε | εἴτε | SCONJ | Css | _ | 22 πεποιημέναι | mark | medium | Introduces second alternative. |
| 19 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | Df | _ | 22 πεποιημέναι | advmod | medium | Adverb modifying πεποιημέναι. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 εὐπρέπειαν | case | high | Preposition governing εὐπρέπειαν. |
| 21 | εὐπρέπειαν | εὐπρέπεια | NOUN | Ncfsa--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 πεποιημέναι | obl | high | Prepositional complement. |
| 22 | πεποιημέναι | ποιέω | VERB | V-prppafn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 4 εἰκόνας | acl:relcl | medium | Participial predicate; agreement with εἰκόνας. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔχω | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τῶν δὲ προπυλαίων ἐν δεξιᾷ Νίκης ἐστὶν Ἀπτέρου ναός.
Standard copular clause with the noun ναός as root; τῶν προπυλαίων forms a genitive modifier, and ἐν δεξιᾷ is an oblique locative phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | t-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 προπυλαίων | det | high | Article modifying προπυλαίων. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 9 ναός | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | προπυλαίων | πρόπυλον | NOUN | n-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ναός | nmod | high | Dependent genitive with article. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | d-------- | _ | 5 δεξιᾷ | case | high | Preposition governing δεξιᾷ. |
| 5 | δεξιᾷ | δεξιός | ADJ | a-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ναός | obl | high | Locative/adverbial phrase with ἐν. |
| 6 | Νίκης | Νίκη | PROPN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ναός | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ναός. |
| 7 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 ναός | cop | high | Copula. |
| 8 | Ἀπτέρου | ἄπτερος | ADJ | a-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ναός | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ναός. |
| 9 | ναός | ναός | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicative nominal with copula ἐστίν. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ναός | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐντεῦθεν ἡ θάλασσά ἐστι σύνοπτος, καὶ ταύτῃ ῥίψας Αἰγεὺς ἑαυτὸν ὡς λέγουσιν ἐτελεύτησεν.
The syntax is straightforward except for ὡς λέγουσιν, which is best treated as a parenthetical/reporting subordinate clause modifying the main event.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | Df | _ | 14 ἐτελεύτησεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the main verb. |
| 2 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 θάλασσά | det | high | Article modifying θάλασσά. |
| 3 | θάλασσά | θάλασσα | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 σύνοπτος | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστι. |
| 4 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 σύνοπτος | cop | high | Copular auxiliary with predicate adjective. |
| 5 | σύνοπτος | σύνοπτος | ADJ | a-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate adjective, root of the first clause. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 σύνοπτος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 14 ἐτελεύτησεν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking clause to prior material. |
| 8 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 ῥίψας | obl | medium | Likely dative of place/instrument with ῥίψας. |
| 9 | ῥίψας | ῥίπτω | VERB | v-sapamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἐτελεύτησεν | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, adverbial participle modifying ἐτελεύτησεν. |
| 10 | Αἰγεὺς | Αἰγεύς | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐτελεύτησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐτελεύτησεν. |
| 11 | ἑαυτὸν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | p-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 9 ῥίψας | obj | high | Reflexive object of ῥίψας. |
| 12 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Df | _ | 13 λέγουσιν | mark | high | Marks reported speech/comparison phrase. |
| 13 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 ἐτελεύτησεν | advcl | medium | Subordinate clause introduced by ὡς; likely parenthetical/reporting clause. |
| 14 | ἐτελεύτησεν | τελευτάω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐτελεύτησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |