Grammar parses for passage 1.22.7
Open translation for this passage
ἵππων δέ οἱ νίκης τῆς ἐν Νεμέᾳ ἐστὶ σημεῖα ἐν τῇ γραφῇ·
The sentence has an existential/copular construction: σημεῖα is the subject, ἐστὶ the root, and οἱ is the dative possessor; νίκης is a genitive dependent on σημεῖα, with τῆς ἐν Νεμέᾳ modifying νίκης. The first ἐν-phrase specifies the horses, while the final ἐν τῇ γραφῇ locates the signs in the depiction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 σημεῖα | nmod | high | Genitive plural, likely specifying the horses associated with the victory/signs. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 σημεῖα | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-Dat-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 8 ἐστὶ | iobj | medium | Dative personal pronoun, ‘for him/to him’; form is homographic with the article. |
| 4 | νίκης | νίκη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 σημεῖα | nmod | high | |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 νίκης | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Νεμέᾳ | case | high | |
| 7 | Νεμέᾳ | Νεμέα | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 νίκης | nmod | high | Dative with ἐν; the phrase modifies νίκης. |
| 8 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular verb; agrees with σημεῖα in meaning, despite singular form. |
| 9 | σημεῖα | σημεῖον | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject with singular verb, a common Greek construction. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 γραφῇ | case | high | |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 γραφῇ | det | high | |
| 12 | γραφῇ | γραφή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστὶ | obl | high | Dative object of ἐν, locating the signs in the depiction/painting. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστὶ | punct | high |
καὶ Περσεύς ἐστιν ἐς Σέριφον κομιζόμενος, Πολυδέκτῃ φέρων τὴν κεφαλὴν τὴν Μεδούσης.
The periphrastic construction ἐστιν κομιζόμενος has ἐστιν as the root auxiliary and κομιζόμενος as its participial complement; the final participle φέρων is coordinated descriptively and governs the accusative object τὴν κεφαλήν, with Πολυδέκτῃ as its dative recipient. The two τὴν forms are determiners, the second introducing the genitive proper name Μεδούσης.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 2 Περσεύς | cc | high | |
| 2 | Περσεύς | Περσεύς | PROPN | Nbms nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3spia | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Auxiliary in periphrastic passive construction. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 5 Σέριφον | case | high | |
| 5 | Σέριφον | Σέριφος | PROPN | Nbfs acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 κομιζόμενος | obl | high | Destination with ἐς. |
| 6 | κομιζόμενος | κομίζω | VERB | V3spmp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 3 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Present middle/passive participle in a periphrastic construction. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 6 κομιζόμενος | punct | high | |
| 8 | Πολυδέκτῃ | Πολυδέκτης | PROPN | Nbms dat | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 φέρων | iobj | high | Recipient dative. |
| 9 | φέρων | φέρω | VERB | V3spap | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 κομιζόμενος | advcl | medium | Supplementary/coordinated participle modifying the subject; exact attachment can be analyzed as a conjunct-like complement. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Da-fs acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 κεφαλὴν | det | high | |
| 11 | κεφαλὴν | κεφαλή | NOUN | Nb-fa acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 φέρων | obj | high | |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Da-fs acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Μεδούσης | det | high | Article agreeing with the genitive proper name in an articular genitive phrase. |
| 13 | Μεδούσης | Μέδουσα | PROPN | Ne-fs gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 κεφαλὴν | nmod | high | Possessive/relational genitive: the head of Medusa. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high |
καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐς Μέδουσαν οὐκ εἰμὶ πρόθυμος ἐν τοῖς Ἀττικοῖς σημῆναι·
The sentence means that the author is not eager to indicate/discuss matters concerning Medusa in the Attic account; the article τὰ is substantivized, and the ἐν phrase belongs with σημῆναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 εἰμὶ | cc | high | |
| 2 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 εἰμὶ | obj | medium | Substantivized article, referring to matters concerning Medusa. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 7 εἰμὶ | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; counterpart may be outside the quoted sentence. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Μέδουσαν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 5 | Μέδουσαν | Μέδουσα | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 εἰμὶ | obl | high | Object of the preposition ἐς. |
| 6 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | NEG | Polarity=Neg | 7 εἰμὶ | advmod | high | |
| 7 | εἰμὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb with πρόθυμος as predicate adjective. |
| 8 | πρόθυμος | πρόθυμος | ADJ | A-N समS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 εἰμὶ | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective; agrees with the understood first-person subject. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 τοῖς | case | high | |
| 10 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 Ἀττικοῖς | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἀττικοῖς | Ἀττικός | ADJ | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 σημῆναι | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘in the Attic [account/material]’; ἐν phrase modifies σημῆναι. |
| 12 | σημῆναι | σημαίνω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 πρόθυμος | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with πρόθυμος. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἰμὶ | punct | high |
ἔτι δὲ τῶν γραφῶν παρέντι τὸν παῖδα τὸν τὰς ὑδρίας φέροντα καὶ τὸν παλαιστὴν ὃν Τιμαίνετος ἔγραψεν, ἐστὶ Μουσαῖος.
The sentence is syntactically compressed: παρέντι is a dative circumstantial participle governing the accusative objects παῖδα and παλαιστήν, while ἔγραψεν supplies the relative clause for παλαιστήν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 19 ἐστὶ | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἐστὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T---GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 γραφῶν | det | high | |
| 4 | γραφῶν | γραφή | NOUN | N---GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 παρέντι | obl | medium | Genitive with παρέντι; exact construction is somewhat compressed. |
| 5 | παρέντι | παρίημι | VERB | V-PAP-DMN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 ἐστὶ | advcl | medium | Dative participle, probably circumstantial: while passing over/omitting. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 παῖδα | det | high | |
| 7 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 φέροντα | obj | high | |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 φέροντα | det | high | |
| 9 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T---APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 ὑδρίας | det | high | |
| 10 | ὑδρίας | ὑδρία | NOUN | N---APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 φέροντα | obj | high | |
| 11 | φέροντα | φέρω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 παῖδα | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying παῖδα. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 παλαιστὴν | cc | high | |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 παλαιστὴν | det | high | |
| 14 | παλαιστὴν | παλαιστής | NOUN | N---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 παρέντι | obj | medium | Second accusative object coordinated with παῖδα under the participial construction. |
| 15 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 17 ἔγραψεν | obj | high | |
| 16 | Τιμαίνετος | Τιμαίνετος | PROPN | N---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἔγραψεν | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | ἔγραψεν | γράφω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 παλαιστὴν | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying παλαιστήν. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐστὶ | punct | high | |
| 19 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential clause; subject follows. |
| 20 | Μουσαῖος | Μουσαῖος | PROPN | N---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | Predicate nominal/name in the clause. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐστὶ | punct | high |
ἐγὼ δὲ ἔπη μὲν ἐπελεξάμην, ἐν οἷς ἐστι πέτεσθαι Μουσαῖον ὑπὸ Βορέου δῶρον, δοκεῖν δέ μοι πεποίηκεν αὐτὰ Ὀνομάκριτος καὶ ἔστιν οὐδὲν Μουσαίου βεβαίως ὅτι μὴ μόνον ἐς Δήμητρα ὕμνος Λυκομίδαις.
The passage contains compressed and difficult infinitival/existential syntax: πέτεσθαι and δοκεῖν are coordinated/complementary constructions, while the final ὅτι-clause is elliptical, meaning that nothing of Musaeus is securely genuine except a hymn to Demeter for the Lycomidae.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1NS | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 5 ἐπελεξάμην | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἐπελεξάμην | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἔπη | ἔπος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπελεξάμην | obj | high | |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 ἐπελεξάμην | discourse | high | |
| 5 | ἐπελεξάμην | ἐπιλέγω | VERB | V-AMI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπελεξάμην | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 οἷς | case | high | |
| 8 | οἷς | ὅς | PRON | P-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 πέτεσθαι | obl | medium | Relative pronoun refers to ἔπη. |
| 9 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 πέτεσθαι | aux | high | |
| 10 | πέτεσθαι | πέτομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 3 ἔπη | acl:relcl | medium | Infinitive in the relative clause; exact relation to ἔπη is syntactically compressed. |
| 11 | Μουσαῖον | Μουσαῖος | PROPN | Nb-A-S--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 πέτεσθαι | obj | medium | Accusative subject/object associated with πέτεσθαι; construction is difficult. |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Βορέου | case | high | |
| 13 | Βορέου | Βορέας | PROPN | Nb-G-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 δῶρον | nmod | high | |
| 14 | δῶρον | δῶρον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 πέτεσθαι | obl | medium | Likely an accusative predicative/complement with πέτεσθαι; syntax is elliptical. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 πέτεσθαι | punct | high | |
| 16 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 πεποίηκεν | xcomp | medium | Complementary infinitive after πεποίηκεν. |
| 17 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 πεποίηκεν | cc | high | |
| 18 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DS | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 16 δοκεῖν | iobj | high | |
| 19 | πεποίηκεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 5 ἐπελεξάμην | conj | high | |
| 20 | αὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 πεποίηκεν | obj | high | Refers to the selected verses/poems. |
| 21 | Ὀνομάκριτος | Ὀνομάκριτος | PROPN | Nb-N-S--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 πεποίηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 ἔστιν | cc | high | |
| 23 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 πεποίηκεν | conj | high | Coordinates a second predication under the discourse continuation. |
| 24 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | P-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἔστιν | nsubj | medium | Substantival negative pronoun; case is formally accusative but functions in the elliptical existential clause. |
| 25 | Μουσαίου | Μουσαῖος | PROPN | Nb-G-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 οὐδὲν | nmod | high | |
| 26 | βεβαίως | βεβαίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 23 ἔστιν | advmod | high | |
| 27 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 ἔστιν | mark | medium | Introduces an explanatory/content clause after the negative assertion. |
| 28 | μὴ | μή | PART | G-------- | _ | 32 ὕμνος | advmod | high | |
| 29 | μόνον | μόνος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 ὕμνος | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, modifying the restricted assertion. |
| 30 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 31 Δήμητρα | case | high | |
| 31 | Δήμητρα | Δημήτηρ | PROPN | Nb-A-S--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ὕμνος | obl | high | |
| 32 | ὕμνος | ὕμνος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἔστιν | nsubj | medium | Predicate subject of the elliptical existential clause: only a hymn to Demeter. |
| 33 | Λυκομίδαις | Λυκομίδαι | PROPN | Nb-D-P--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ὕμνος | nmod | medium | Dative of association/possession with ὕμνος. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπελεξάμην | punct | high |