Grammar parses for passage 1.22.7
Open translation for this passage
ἵππων δέ οἱ νίκης τῆς ἐν Νεμέᾳ ἐστὶ σημεῖα ἐν τῇ γραφῇ·
The syntax is copular with ἐστὶ as root; the main interpretive difficulty is the dative οἱ, which likely marks reference/possession rather than a core argument.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 σημεῖα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of σημεῖα; likely possessive/partitive relation. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | Ptc | _ | 9 σημεῖα | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | Pp | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 ἐστὶ | iobj | medium | Likely dative of reference/possession with ἐστὶ; could be article-like, but pronoun is more plausible. |
| 4 | νίκης | νίκη | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 σημεῖα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of σημεῖα. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Νεμέᾳ | det | high | Article modifying Νεμέᾳ. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 7 Νεμέᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing Νεμέᾳ. |
| 7 | Νεμέᾳ | Νεμέα | PROPN | Ne | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 νίκης | nmod | medium | Dative complement in prepositional phrase modifying νίκης. |
| 8 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite copular verb, sentence root. |
| 9 | σημεῖα | σημεῖον | NOUN | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | Subject complement of ἐστὶ. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 12 γραφῇ | case | high | Preposition governing γραφῇ. |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 γραφῇ | det | high | Article modifying γραφῇ. |
| 12 | γραφῇ | γραφή | NOUN | N- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστὶ | obl | high | Adverbial locative/prepositional phrase with ἐν. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστὶ | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
καὶ Περσεύς ἐστιν ἐς Σέριφον κομιζόμενος, Πολυδέκτῃ φέρων τὴν κεφαλὴν τὴν Μεδούσης.
Two nominative participles (κομιζόμενος, φέρων) are coordinated/adverbial to the main clause with ἐστιν; Πολυδέκτῃ is best taken as dative with φέρων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | cc | high | coordinating conjunction |
| 2 | Περσεύς | Περσεύς | PROPN | N--MSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | subject of ἐστιν |
| 3 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPIA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | copular/present auxiliary used as main predicate |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 5 Σέριφον | case | high | governs the following proper noun |
| 5 | Σέριφον | Σέριφος | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 κομιζόμενος | obl | high | goal of motion with ἐς |
| 6 | κομιζόμενος | κομίζω | VERB | V-PPP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 3 ἐστιν | advcl | high | participial adjunct to ἐστιν |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high | punctuation |
| 8 | Πολυδέκτῃ | Πολυδέκτης | PROPN | N--MSD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 φέρων | iobj | high | recipient/indirect object with φέρων |
| 9 | φέρων | φέρω | VERB | V-PPP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ἐστιν | advcl | high | second participial adjunct to ἐστιν |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 κεφαλὴν | det | high | article modifying κεφαλήν |
| 11 | κεφαλὴν | κεφαλή | NOUN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 φέρων | obj | high | direct object of φέρων |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Μεδούσης | det | high | article modifying Μεδούσης |
| 13 | Μεδούσης | Μέδουσα | PROPN | N--SFG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 κεφαλὴν | nmod | high | genitive dependent of κεφαλήν |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high | punctuation |
καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐς Μέδουσαν οὐκ εἰμὶ πρόθυμος ἐν τοῖς Ἀττικοῖς σημῆναι·
The clause is centered on εἰμὶ πρόθυμος with infinitival complement σημῆναι; the prepositional phrases are dependents of the infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 εἰμὶ | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking to previous clause. |
| 2 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 πρόθυμος | det | high | Article with neuter plural substantive use. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 2 τὰ | discourse | medium | Correlative particle with no explicit μέν...δέ counterpart in this sentence. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 5 Μέδουσαν | case | high | Preposition governing Μέδουσαν. |
| 5 | Μέδουσαν | Μέδουσα | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 σημῆναι | obl | medium | Proper name as object of ἐς; syntactically dependent on the infinitive. |
| 6 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 7 εἰμὶ | advmod | high | Negation of the finite verb. |
| 7 | εἰμὶ | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 8 | πρόθυμος | πρόθυμος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 εἰμὶ | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἰμί. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 12 σημῆναι | case | high | Preposition governing τοῖς Ἀττικοῖς. |
| 10 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Ἀττικοῖς | det | high | Article modifying Ἀττικοῖς. |
| 11 | Ἀττικοῖς | Ἀττικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 σημῆναι | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective with ἐν. |
| 12 | σημῆναι | σημαίνω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 πρόθυμος | ccomp | high | Complement of πρόθυμος; governing ἐς Μέδουσαν and ἐν τοῖς Ἀττικοῖς. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἰμὶ | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἔτι δὲ τῶν γραφῶν παρέντι τὸν παῖδα τὸν τὰς ὑδρίας φέροντα καὶ τὸν παλαιστὴν ὃν Τιμαίνετος ἔγραψεν, ἐστὶ Μουσαῖος.
The syntax is a copular identification with two accusative objects coordinated under the implied descriptive frame, plus a relative clause modifying παλαιστὴν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 19 ἐστὶ | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying ἐστὶ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 19 ἐστὶ | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 γραφῶν | det | high | Article modifying γραφῶν. |
| 4 | γραφῶν | γραφή | NOUN | N-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 παρέντι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of παρέντι. |
| 5 | παρέντι | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 ἐστὶ | advcl | medium | Present active participle, likely dative masculine singular; syntactically adverbial/circumstantial. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 παῖδα | det | high | Article modifying παῖδα. |
| 7 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐστὶ | obj | high | First object of implied/elliptical naming construction with ἐστὶ. |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 φέροντα | det | high | Article modifying φέροντα. |
| 9 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 ὑδρίας | det | high | Article modifying ὑδρίας. |
| 10 | ὑδρίας | ὑδρία | NOUN | N-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 φέροντα | obj | high | Object of φέροντα. |
| 11 | φέροντα | φέρω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 παῖδα | acl | high | Participial modifier of παῖδα. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 τὸν | cc | high | Coordinator linking the two accusative noun phrases. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 παλαιστὴν | det | high | Article modifying παλαιστὴν. |
| 14 | παλαιστὴν | παλαιστής | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 παῖδα | conj | high | Second coordinated object of ἐστὶ. |
| 15 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 17 ἔγραψεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun as object of ἔγραψεν. |
| 16 | Τιμαίνετος | Τιμαίνετος | PROPN | Npmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἔγραψεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔγραψεν. |
| 17 | ἔγραψεν | γράφω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 παλαιστὴν | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying παλαιστὴν. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐστὶ | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 19 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root of the clause. |
| 20 | Μουσαῖος | Μουσαῖος | PROPN | Npmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | Predicate nominative / subject complement with ἐστὶ. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐστὶ | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐγὼ δὲ ἔπη μὲν ἐπελεξάμην, ἐν οἷς ἐστι πέτεσθαι Μουσαῖον ὑπὸ Βορέου δῶρον, δοκεῖν δέ μοι πεποίηκεν αὐτὰ Ὀνομάκριτος καὶ ἔστιν οὐδὲν Μουσαίου βεβαίως ὅτι μὴ μόνον ἐς Δήμητρα ὕμνος Λυκομίδαις.
The syntax is highly paratactic and partly elliptical, especially from δοκεῖν onward; the final clause is difficult to segment with confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp1-s---n- | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 5 ἐπελεξάμην | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπελεξάμην. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g--------- | _ | 5 ἐπελεξάμην | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἔπη | ἔπος | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπελεξάμην | obj | high | Object of ἐπελεξάμην. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | g--------- | _ | 3 ἔπη | discourse | high | Correlative particle with δέ. |
| 5 | ἐπελεξάμην | ἐπιλέγομαι | VERB | v1aor-mp1s- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπελεξάμην | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 10 πέτεσθαι | case | high | Introduces relative clause. |
| 8 | οἷς | ὅς | PRON | Pk-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 9 ἐστι | obl | high | Dative relative pronoun governed by ἐν. |
| 9 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin | 10 πέτεσθαι | aux | medium | Likely auxiliary-like with infinitive πέτεσθαι; could also be existential. |
| 10 | πέτεσθαι | πέτομαι | VERB | v--ppmn--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 8 οἷς | acl:relcl | high | Infinitival clause within relative phrase. |
| 11 | Μουσαῖον | Μουσαῖος | PROPN | Ne-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 πέτεσθαι | obj | medium | Likely subject-like accusative of infinitive or dependent object; syntax is difficult. |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R--------- | _ | 13 Βορέου | case | high | Marks agent in passive/periphrastic phrase. |
| 13 | Βορέου | Βορέας | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 δῶρον | nmod | high | Genitive with ὑπό. |
| 14 | δῶρον | δῶρον | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 πέτεσθαι | xcomp | medium | Possibly predicative complement or object predicate with πέτεσθαι. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 πέτεσθαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | v--ppan--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 πεποίηκεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on πεποίηκεν. |
| 17 | δέ | δέ | PART | g--------- | _ | 19 πεποίηκεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 18 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp1-s---d- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 19 πεποίηκεν | iobj | high | Dative experiencer with πεποίηκεν. |
| 19 | πεποίηκεν | ποιέω | VERB | v3sria--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main finite verb. |
| 20 | αὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | Pt-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 19 πεποίηκεν | obj | high | Direct object of πεποίηκεν. |
| 21 | Ὀνομάκριτος | Ὀνομάκριτος | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 πεποίηκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of πεποίηκεν. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c--------- | _ | 23 ἔστιν | cc | high | Coordinates with preceding clause/verb. |
| 23 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | AUX | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 19 πεποίηκεν | conj | medium | Coordinated clause; may function copular/existential. |
| 24 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | Pk-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 23 ἔστιν | nsubj | medium | Likely predicate nominal subject of ἔστιν; ancient Greek often uses accusative here in some analyses. |
| 25 | Μουσαίου | Μουσαῖος | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 οὐδὲν | nmod | medium | Genitive of possession/association. |
| 26 | βεβαίως | βεβαίως | ADV | d--------- | _ | 23 ἔστιν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἔστιν. |
| 27 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | c--------- | _ | 23 ἔστιν | mark | medium | Introduces following clause or explanation; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 28 | μὴ | μή | PART | g--------- | _ | 29 μόνον | advmod | high | Negation with μόνον. |
| 29 | μόνον | μόνον | ADV | d--------- | _ | 23 ἔστιν | advmod | medium | Part of μόνον ... but construction is elliptical. |
| 30 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 31 Δήμητρα | case | high | Preposition governing Δήμητρα. |
| 31 | Δήμητρα | Δημήτηρ | PROPN | Ne-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ὕμνος | nmod | high | Object of preposition ἐς. |
| 32 | ὕμνος | ὕμνος | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἔστιν | nsubj | medium | Probably subject/predicate nominal in the final elliptical clause. |
| 33 | Λυκομίδαις | Λυκομίδαι | PROPN | Ne-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ὕμνος | iobj | medium | Dative associated with the hymn; exact relation uncertain. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 πεποίηκεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |