Grammar parses for passage 1.23.4
Open translation for this passage
τοσοῦτον μὲν παρέστη μοι θαῦμα ἐς τὴν εἰκόνα τοῦ Διιτρέφους, ὅτι ὀιστοῖς ἐβέβλητο, Ἕλλησιν ὅτι μὴ Κρησὶν οὐκ ἐπιχώριον ὂν τοξεύειν·
The sentence has a fronted accusative subject-like θαῦμα with παρέστη, followed by an explanatory ὅτι-clause; the second ὅτι introduces the qualification that archery is not native to Greeks except Cretans. The form Διιτρέφους is treated as a genitive proper name, with lexical uncertainty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοσοῦτον | τοσοῦτος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 θαῦμα | amod | high | Neuter nominative agreeing with θαῦμα; substantivized quantity adjective. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G- | _ | 3 παρέστη | discourse | high | |
| 3 | παρέστη | παρίστημι | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist of παρίστημι, here ‘arose/was present’. |
| 4 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DS | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 3 παρέστη | iobj | high | |
| 5 | θαῦμα | θαῦμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 παρέστη | nsubj | medium | Neuter nominative subject with παρέστη; the quantity adjective is fronted. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 8 εἰκόνα | case | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 εἰκόνα | det | high | |
| 8 | εἰκόνα | εἰκών | NOUN | N-AFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 θαῦμα | obl | high | Object of ἐς in the phrase ‘wonder at/regarding the image’. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Διιτρέφους | det | high | |
| 10 | Διιτρέφους | Διιτρέφος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἰκόνα | nmod | low | Proper-name lemma and exact declensional analysis are uncertain; form is genitive singular. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 παρέστη | punct | high | |
| 12 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | C- | _ | 5 θαῦμα | mark | high | Introduces explanatory content clause. |
| 13 | ὀιστοῖς | ὀιστός | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἐβέβλητο | obl | high | Instrumental dative, ‘with arrows’. |
| 14 | ἐβέβλητο | βάλλω | VERB | V-3LMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Mid | 5 θαῦμα | ccomp | medium | Pluperfect middle/passive, ‘had been struck’; subject is understood from the image. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐβέβλητο | punct | high | |
| 16 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 τοξεύειν | obl | medium | Dative of reference with ἐπιχώριον ὄν, ‘for/to Greeks’. |
| 17 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | C- | _ | 23 τοξεύειν | mark | medium | Introduces the content/qualification clause coordinated with the preceding explanation. |
| 18 | μὴ | μή | PART | D- | _ | 21 ἐπιχώριον | advmod | high | Negative particle with ἐπιχώριον. |
| 19 | Κρησὶν | Κρής | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 τοξεύειν | obl | medium | Dative of exception with οὐκ ... ἐπιχώριον, ‘except for Cretans’. |
| 20 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D- | _ | 21 ἐπιχώριον | advmod | high | Negates ἐπιχώριον. |
| 21 | ἐπιχώριον | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ὂν | acomp | medium | Predicate adjective with understood τοξεύειν as subject; orthographic form is neuter nominative/accusative singular. |
| 22 | ὂν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 τοξεύειν | advcl | medium | Present participle ‘being’; likely adverbial/predicative with τοξεύειν. |
| 23 | τοξεύειν | τοξεύω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 ἐβέβλητο | ccomp | medium | Infinitive expressing the practice of archery; linked to the second ὅτι qualification. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 παρέστη | punct | high |
Λοκροὺς γὰρ τοὺς Ὀπουντίους ὁπλιτεύοντας ἤδη κατὰ τὰ Μηδικὰ ἴσμεν, οὓς Ὅμηρος ἐποίησεν ὡς φερόμενοι τόξα καὶ σφενδόνας ἐς Ἴλιον ἔλθοιεν·
The main predicate ἴσμεν governs Λοκρούς/τοὺς Ὀπουντίους and the participle ὁπλιτεύοντας; οὓς is the object of ἐποίησεν, with ὡς introducing a Homeric indirect-speech/content construction. φερόμενοι agrees with the understood Locrians; ἔλθοιεν is optative in the reported characterization, with τόξα καὶ σφενδόνας as objects of φερόμενοι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λοκροὺς | Λοκρός | PROPN | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἴσμεν | obj | high | Ethnic name, accusative plural; resumed/appositionally specified by τοὺς Ὀπουντίους. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 10 ἴσμεν | advmod | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Ὀπουντίους | det | high | |
| 4 | Ὀπουντίους | Ὀπούντιος | PROPN | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Λοκροὺς | appos | high | Subgroup/name identifying Λοκρούς. |
| 5 | ὁπλιτεύοντας | ὁπλιτεύω | VERB | V- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἴσμεν | advcl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with the object Λοκρούς; circumstantial, ‘being hoplites/fighting as hoplites’. |
| 6 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D- | _ | 5 ὁπλιτεύοντας | advmod | high | |
| 7 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R- | Case=Acc | 9 Μηδικὰ | case | high | Takes τὰ Μηδικά in the accusative. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 Μηδικὰ | det | high | |
| 9 | Μηδικὰ | Μηδικός | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ὁπλιτεύοντας | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘the Persian Wars’; temporal/contextual adjunct of ὁπλιτεύοντας. |
| 10 | ἴσμεν | οἶδα | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect-form verb with present meaning, ‘we know’. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἴσμεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | οὓς | ὅς | PRON | P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to the Locrians; object of ἐποίησεν. |
| 13 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | Nb- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἴσμεν | parataxis | medium | Independent-looking relative-clause predicate coordinated in discourse with ἴσμεν; governs οὓς and the ὡς-clause. |
| 15 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C- | _ | 16 φερόμενοι | mark | medium | Introduces reported characterization/content after ἐποίησεν. |
| 16 | φερόμενοι | φέρω | VERB | V- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 22 ἔλθοιεν | advcl | medium | Middle participle, nominative plural; understood subject is the Locrians, with οὓς as the represented/affected group. |
| 17 | τόξα | τόξον | NOUN | Nb- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 φερόμενοι | obj | high | Object of φερόμενοι. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 19 σφενδόνας | cc | high | |
| 19 | σφενδόνας | σφενδόνη | NOUN | Nb- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 τόξα | conj | high | Coordinated object of φερόμενοι. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | Case=Acc | 21 Ἴλιον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 21 | Ἴλιον | Ἴλιος | PROPN | Nb- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἔλθοιεν | obl | high | Goal adjunct of ἔλθοιεν. |
| 22 | ἔλθοιεν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V- | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 16 φερόμενοι | ccomp | medium | Aorist active optative, with subject understood as the Locrians; optative in reported/Homeric characterization. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἴσμεν | punct | high |
τοῦ δὲ Διιτρέφους πλησίον---τὰς γὰρ εἰκόνας τὰς ἀφανεστέρας γράφειν οὐκ ἐθέλω---θεῶν ἀγάλματά ἐστιν Ὑγείας τε, ἣν Ἀσκληπιοῦ παῖδα εἶναι λέγουσι, καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς ἐπίκλησιν καὶ ταύτης Ὑγείας.
Main clause: ἀγάλματά ἐστιν θεῶν, with Ὑγείας and coordinated objects in apposition/specification; the parenthetical infinitive clause depends on ἐθέλω. The punctuation hyphens are retained as tokenized punctuation; Διιτρέφους and the elliptic genitive construction are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-dmg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Διιτρέφους | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 21 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Διιτρέφους | Διιτρεφής | PROPN | N-gmg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πλησίον | nmod | low | Proper name/form is difficult; treated as a genitive place/person reference. |
| 4 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 21 ἐστιν | advmod | medium | Adverbial πλησίον governs or implies a genitive complement. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐθέλω | punct | high | |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 - | punct | high | |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 - | punct | high | |
| 8 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-afp | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 εἰκόνας | det | high | |
| 9 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 15 ἐθέλω | cc | high | |
| 10 | εἰκόνας | εἰκών | NOUN | N-afp | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 γράφειν | obj | high | Object of γράφειν. |
| 11 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-afp | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ἀφανεστέρας | det | high | |
| 12 | ἀφανεστέρας | ἀφανής | ADJ | A-afpc | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 εἰκόνας | amod | high | |
| 13 | γράφειν | γράφω | VERB | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 ἐθέλω | xcomp | high | |
| 14 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D----- | Polarity=Neg | 13 γράφειν | advmod | high | |
| 15 | ἐθέλω | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PIA-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 21 ἐστιν | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical first-person clause. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐθέλω | punct | high | |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 - | punct | high | |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 - | punct | high | |
| 19 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-gpm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἀγάλματά | nmod | high | Genitive of relation/content with ἀγάλματα. |
| 20 | ἀγάλματά | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-npn | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Singular copula with neuter plural subject. |
| 22 | Ὑγείας | Ὑγίεια | PROPN | N-gfs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἀγάλματά | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the deity represented. |
| 23 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 22 Ὑγείας | cc | high | |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 Ὑγείας | punct | high | |
| 25 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P-rfai | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 λέγουσι | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of λέγουσι. |
| 26 | Ἀσκληπιοῦ | Ἀσκληπιός | PROPN | N-gms | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 παῖδα | nmod | high | |
| 27 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N-afa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 28 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 29 λέγουσι | xcomp | high | |
| 29 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 22 Ὑγείας | acl:relcl | high | |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 λέγουσι | punct | high | |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 33 ἐπίκλησιν | cc | high | |
| 32 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-gfs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἐπίκλησιν | nmod | high | Genitive coordinated with Ὑγείας. |
| 33 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N-afa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἀγάλματά | conj | medium | Accusative coordinated object/specification; ἐπίκλησιν is an epithet/name of Athena. |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 36 Ὑγείας | cc | high | |
| 35 | ταύτης | οὗτος | PRON | P-gfs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 Ὑγείας | det | medium | Demonstrative agreeing with the understood deity name. |
| 36 | Ὑγείας | Ὑγίεια | PROPN | N-gfs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἐπίκλησιν | conj | medium | Elliptic phrase, likely ‘and of this [Athena], Health’; attachment follows coordination of named deities. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐστιν | punct | high |