Grammar parses for passage 1.23.4
Open translation for this passage
τοσοῦτον μὲν παρέστη μοι θαῦμα ἐς τὴν εἰκόνα τοῦ Διιτρέφους, ὅτι ὀιστοῖς ἐβέβλητο, Ἕλλησιν ὅτι μὴ Κρησὶν οὐκ ἐπιχώριον ὂν τοξεύειν·
The syntax is somewhat compressed: the final ὅτι introduces an explanatory infinitival clause with participial/copular predication, and the datives Ἕλλησιν and Κρησὶν are best taken as complements/frames for the infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοσοῦτον | τοσοῦτος | ADJ | A-ASM-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 θαῦμα | det | high | Modifies θαῦμα as demonstrative/adjectival modifier. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 3 παρέστη | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | παρέστη | παρίστημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the clause. |
| 4 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DS | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 3 παρέστη | iobj | high | Dative of experiencer/recipient. |
| 5 | θαῦμα | θαῦμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 παρέστη | obj | high | Object of παρέστη. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 8 εἰκόνα | case | high | Preposition governing εἰκόνα. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 εἰκόνα | det | high | Article with εἰκόνα. |
| 8 | εἰκόνα | εἰκών | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 παρέστη | obl | high | Prepositional phrase dependent on παρέστη. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Διιτρέφους | det | high | Article with proper name in genitive. |
| 10 | Διιτρέφους | Διιτρέφης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἰκόνα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of εἰκόνα. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 παρέστη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἐβέβλητο | mark | medium | Introduces the content clause; could also be causal, but here taken as explanatory. |
| 13 | ὀιστοῖς | ὀιστός | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐβέβλητο | obl | medium | Dative of instrument; spelling likely for ὀιστοῖς/οἰστοῖς. |
| 14 | ἐβέβλητο | βάλλω | VERB | V-PLP-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Mid | 3 παρέστη | ccomp | high | Dependent content clause after ὅτι. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐβέβλητο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 τοξεύειν | obl | medium | Dative complement with infinitive, likely the subject class for the infinitival clause. |
| 17 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 23 τοξεύειν | mark | high | Marks infinitival/complement clause in indirect explanation. |
| 18 | μὴ | μή | PART | _ | _ | 21 ἐπιχώριον | advmod | high | Negation with ἐπιχώριον. |
| 19 | Κρησὶν | Κρής | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 τοξεύειν | obl | medium | Dative complement/contrastive group with τοξεύειν. |
| 20 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 21 ἐπιχώριον | advmod | high | Negation of the adjective. |
| 21 | ἐπιχώριον | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ὂν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective modifying the infinitive construction. |
| 22 | ὂν | εἰμί | AUX | PAP-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 τοξεύειν | cop | high | Copular participle with ἐπιχώριον. |
| 23 | τοξεύειν | τοξεύω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 ἐβέβλητο | ccomp | medium | Infinitival complement governed by the explanatory ὅτι-clause. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 παρέστη | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Λοκροὺς γὰρ τοὺς Ὀπουντίους ὁπλιτεύοντας ἤδη κατὰ τὰ Μηδικὰ ἴσμεν, οὓς Ὅμηρος ἐποίησεν ὡς φερόμενοι τόξα καὶ σφενδόνας ἐς Ἴλιον ἔλθοιεν·
The main difficulty is the Homeric embedded clause, where ὡς and the participle φερόμενοι introduce a clause whose exact attachment is somewhat interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λοκροὺς | Λοκρός | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἴσμεν | obj | high | Accusative plural ethnic name as object of ἴσμεν. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 10 ἴσμεν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Ὀπουντίους | det | high | Article modifying Ὀπουντίους. |
| 4 | Ὀπουντίους | Ὀπούντιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Λοκροὺς | appos | high | Appositive ethnic adjective/noun to Λοκροὺς. |
| 5 | ὁπλιτεύοντας | ὁπλιτεύω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Λοκροὺς | amod | medium | Participle agreeing with Λοκροὺς; syntactically adjectival. |
| 6 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | _ | _ | 10 ἴσμεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἴσμεν. |
| 7 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 9 Μηδικὰ | case | high | Preposition governing τὰ Μηδικὰ. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Μηδικὰ | det | high | Article with Μηδικὰ. |
| 9 | Μηδικὰ | Μηδικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἴσμεν | obl | high | Prepositional complement of κατὰ. |
| 10 | ἴσμεν | οἶδα | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἴσμεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | οὓς | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 14 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring back to the Locrians. |
| 13 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποίησεν. |
| 14 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἴσμεν | ccomp | high | Complement clause governed by ἴσμεν. |
| 15 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 22 ἔλθοιεν | mark | medium | Likely marks the comparative/clausal specification of the participial phrase. |
| 16 | φερόμενοι | φέρω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 22 ἔλθοιεν | advcl | medium | Participial clause dependent on ἔλθοιεν; agreement with implied subject. |
| 17 | τόξα | τόξον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 φερόμενοι | obj | high | Object of φερόμενοι. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 τόξα | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 19 | σφενδόνας | σφενδόνη | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 τόξα | conj | high | Coordinated object with τόξα. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 21 Ἴλιον | case | high | Preposition governing Ἴλιον. |
| 21 | Ἴλιον | Ἴλιον | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἔλθοιεν | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ἐς. |
| 22 | ἔλθοιεν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 ἐποίησεν | ccomp | medium | Optative complement within Homeric quotation-like clause. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἴσμεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |