Grammar parses for passage 1.23.5
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ λίθος οὐ μέγας, ἀλλʼ ὅσον καθίζεσθαι μικρὸν ἄνδρα· ἐπὶ τούτῳ λέγουσιν, ἡνίκα Διόνυσος ἦλθεν ἐς τὴν γῆν, ἀναπαύσασθαι τὸν Σιληνόν.
The clause ἔστι λίθος ... is straightforward, but the infinitival sequence ὅσον καθίζεσθαι μικρὸν ἄνδρα is somewhat elliptical, and ἐπὶ τούτῳ λέγουσιν introduces reported tradition with an infinitival content clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential main verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PTCL | _ | 1 ἔστι | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | λίθος | λίθος | NOUN | N-S---NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔστι. |
| 4 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PTCL | _ | 5 μέγας | advmod | high | Negates μέγας. |
| 5 | μέγας | μέγας | ADJ | A-S---NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 λίθος | amod | high | Predicate adjective modifying λίθος. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | ἀλλʼ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | medium | Correlative adversative conjunction introducing contrast. |
| 8 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 καθίζεσθαι | obj | medium | Probably adverbial/accusative of extent with καθίζεσθαι. |
| 9 | καθίζεσθαι | καθίζω | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 5 μέγας | xcomp | medium | Infinitival complement; syntax slightly uncertain. |
| 10 | μικρὸν | μικρός | ADJ | A-S---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἄνδρα | amod | high | Modifies ἄνδρα. |
| 11 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 καθίζεσθαι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of infinitive. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 τούτῳ | case | high | Preposition governing τούτῳ. |
| 14 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | P-3NS-D-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 λέγουσιν | obl | high | Prepositional oblique dependent of λέγουσιν. |
| 15 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 ἔστι | parataxis | medium | Reported-speech frame attached to main statement. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἦλθεν | mark | high | Temporal marker. |
| 18 | Διόνυσος | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N-S---NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἦλθεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦλθεν. |
| 19 | ἦλθεν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 λέγουσιν | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate clause. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 γῆν | case | high | Preposition governing γῆν. |
| 21 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 γῆν | det | high | Article modifying γῆν. |
| 22 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἦλθεν | obl | high | Goal complement of ἦλθεν. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἦλθεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 24 | ἀναπαύσασθαι | ἀναπαύω | VERB | V-AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 15 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of λέγουσιν. |
| 25 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 Σιληνόν | det | high | Article modifying Σιληνόν. |
| 26 | Σιληνόν | Σειληνός | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἀναπαύσασθαι | obj | high | Object of ἀναπαύσασθαι. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἔφη δὲ Εὔφημος Κὰρ ἀνὴρ πλέων ἐς Ἰταλίαν ἁμαρτεῖν ὑπὸ ἀνέμων τοῦ πλοῦ καὶ ἐς τὴν ἔξω θάλασσαν, ἐς ἣν οὐκέτι πλέουσιν, ἐξενεχθῆναι.
Reported speech with an infinitival complement; the participial phrase πλέων ἐς Ἰταλίαν and the relative clause ἐς ἣν οὐκέτι πλέουσιν are both embedded within the reported content.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔφη | φημί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of reported speech. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἔφη | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Εὔφημος | Εὔφημος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνὴρ | nsubj | high | Subject of ἁμαρτεῖν within indirect statement. |
| 4 | Κὰρ | Κάρ | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνὴρ | amod | medium | Likely ethnic adjective modifying ἀνήρ. |
| 5 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἁμαρτεῖν | nsubj | high | Appositional noun phrase with Εὔφημος. |
| 6 | πλέων | πλέω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἀνὴρ | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying ἀνήρ. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 8 Ἰταλίαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 8 | Ἰταλίαν | Ἰταλία | PROPN | NNP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πλέων | obl | high | Goal of motion with πλέων. |
| 9 | ἁμαρτεῖν | ἁμαρτάνω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 ἔφη | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἔφη. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R | _ | 11 ἀνέμων | case | high | Preposition. |
| 11 | ἀνέμων | ἄνεμος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 πλοῦ | nmod | high | Agent/instrument in genitive with ἐξενεχθῆναι context. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 πλοῦ | det | high | Article. |
| 13 | πλοῦ | πλοῦς | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἁμαρτεῖν | obl | high | Genitive dependent in the phrase ὑπὸ ἀνέμων τοῦ πλοῦ. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ὑπὸ | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 18 θάλασσαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 θάλασσαν | det | high | Article. |
| 17 | ἔξω | ἔξω | ADV | D | _ | 18 θάλασσαν | amod | medium | Attributive adverb used with θάλασσαν. |
| 18 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἁμαρτεῖν | obl | high | Second goal/location phrase governed by ἁμαρτεῖν. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἁμαρτεῖν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 25 ἐξενεχθῆναι | case | high | Preposition. |
| 21 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 23 πλέουσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of πλέουσιν. |
| 22 | οὐκέτι | οὐκέτι | ADV | D | _ | 23 πλέουσιν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying πλέουσιν. |
| 23 | πλέουσιν | πλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 θάλασσαν | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying θάλασσαν. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἐξενεχθῆναι | punct | high | Comma. |
| 25 | ἐξενεχθῆναι | ἐκφέρω | VERB | V-ANP | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 9 ἁμαρτεῖν | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive depending on ἔφη. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔφη | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
νήσους δὲ εἶναι μὲν ἔλεγεν ἐρήμους πολλάς, ἐν δὲ ἄλλαις οἰκεῖν ἄνδρας ἀγρίους·
Two coordinated infinitival clauses under ἔλεγεν: first with accusative subject νήσους and predicative adjective phrase, second with prepositional phrase ἐν ἄλλαις and infinitive οἰκεῖν governing ἄνδρας ἀγρίους.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | νήσους | νῆσος | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 εἶναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of infinitival clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἔλεγεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAINF | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 ἔλεγεν | ccomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἔλεγεν. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 3 εἶναι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | ἔλεγεν | λέγω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | ἐρήμους | ἔρημος | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with νήσους; analysis somewhat uncertain but likely predicate complement of εἶναι. |
| 7 | πολλάς | πολύς | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 νήσους | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying νήσους. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔλεγεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 12 οἰκεῖν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 12 οἰκεῖν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 11 | ἄλλαις | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 οἰκεῖν | obl | medium | Likely substantive with ἐν ('in others' / 'on other islands'). |
| 12 | οἰκεῖν | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAINF | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 ἔλεγεν | ccomp | high | Second infinitival complement of ἔλεγεν. |
| 13 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 οἰκεῖν | obj | high | Object of οἰκεῖν. |
| 14 | ἀγρίους | ἄγριος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἄνδρας | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ἄνδρας. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔλεγεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |