Grammar parses for passage 1.23.5
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ λίθος οὐ μέγας, ἀλλʼ ὅσον καθίζεσθαι μικρὸν ἄνδρα· ἐπὶ τούτῳ λέγουσιν, ἡνίκα Διόνυσος ἦλθεν ἐς τὴν γῆν, ἀναπαύσασθαι τὸν Σιληνόν.
The sentence has an existential clause followed by an elliptical comparison (ὅσον καθίζεσθαι μικρὸν ἄνδρα) and an impersonal λέγουσιν with an accusative-and-infinitive complement; ἐπὶ τούτῳ is locative, referring to the stone.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 λίθος | cop | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 λίθος | cc | high | |
| 3 | λίθος | λίθος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 μέγας | advmod | high | |
| 5 | μέγας | μέγας | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 λίθος | amod | high | Predicate adjective coordinated contrastively with ἀλλʼ μεγάλου?; agrees with λίθος. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 μέγας | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἀλλʼ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 μικρὸν | cc | high | Introduces the corrective/limiting description. |
| 8 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 καθίζεσθαι | advmod | medium | Neuter accusative used adverbially, ‘as much/as far as’; scope is the infinitival phrase. |
| 9 | καθίζεσθαι | καθίζω | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 10 μικρὸν | acl | medium | Infinitive in the elliptical comparison; exact attachment is uncertain. |
| 10 | μικρὸν | μικρός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 μέγας | conj | medium | Likely elliptical accusative of extent/degree, ‘small [enough]’; alternatively modifies an understood measure. |
| 11 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 καθίζεσθαι | obj | medium | Accusative subject/object relation within the comparison is syntactically elliptical. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 λέγουσιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 τούτῳ | case | high | |
| 14 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | D-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 λέγουσιν | obl | high | Refers to λίθος. |
| 15 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal ‘they say’. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 λέγουσιν | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἦλθεν | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 18 | Διόνυσος | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἦλθεν | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | ἦλθεν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 24 ἀναπαύσασθαι | advcl | high | Aorist form with suppletive lemma ἔρχομαι. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 γῆν | case | high | |
| 21 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 γῆν | det | high | |
| 22 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἦλθεν | obl | high | |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἦλθεν | punct | high | |
| 24 | ἀναπαύσασθαι | ἀναπαύω | VERB | V-AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 15 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive of reported speech, with accusative subject τὸν Σιληνόν. |
| 25 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 Σιληνόν | det | high | |
| 26 | Σιληνόν | Σιληνός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἀναπαύσασθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
τοὺς γὰρ ἡλικίᾳ τῶν Σατύρων προήκοντας ὀνομάζουσι Σιληνούς·
Accusative τοὺς ... προήκοντας is the object of ὀνομάζουσι, with the accusative predicate name Σιληνούς; ἡλικίᾳ is a dative of respect, and τῶν Σατύρων is a genitive dependent on it. The exact semantic force of προάγω here is mildly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T--PMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ὀνομάζουσι | obj | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ὀνομάζουσι | advmod | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | ἡλικίᾳ | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-SD-F-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 προήκοντας | obl | high | Dative of respect: advanced in age/status. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPMA | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Σατύρων | det | high | |
| 5 | Σατύρων | Σάτυρος | PROPN | N-GP-M-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἡλικίᾳ | nmod | high | |
| 6 | προήκοντας | προάγω | VERB | V-PPAMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 τοὺς | acl | medium | Participial adjective modifying τοὺς; semantic nuance may be ‘advanced’ in age or rank. |
| 7 | ὀνομάζουσι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PIA3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | Σιληνούς | Σιληνός | PROPN | N-AP-M-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ὀνομάζουσι | xcomp | high | Accusative predicate complement with object naming construction. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ὀνομάζουσι | punct | high |
περὶ δὲ Σατύρων, οἵτινές εἰσιν, ἑτέρου πλέον ἐθέλων ἐπίστασθαι πολλοῖς αὐτῶν τούτων ἕνεκα ἐς λόγους ἦλθον.
The sentence has an elliptical topic construction: περὶ Σατύρων governs the relative clause οἵτινές εἰσιν, while the speaker's desire to learn more (ἑτέρου πλέον) motivates ἦλθον ἐς λόγους πολλοῖς αὐτῶν; τούτων ἕνεκα refers to the Satyrs/these matters. The attachment of ἑτέρου is somewhat uncertain, conventionally treated as a genitive dependent on πλέον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | περὶ | περί | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 3 Σατύρων | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἦλθον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Σατύρων | Σάτυρος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἦλθον | obl | medium | Topic/ground phrase with περὶ. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 3 Σατύρων | punct | high | |
| 5 | οἵτινές | ὅστις | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, referring to Σάτυροι. |
| 6 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 Σατύρων | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause is predicative/identifying. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 6 εἰσιν | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἑτέρου | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πλέον | nmod | low | Genitive dependent on πλέον; elliptical comparison/partitive relation is uncertain. |
| 9 | πλέον | πολύς | ADV | ADV-COMP | Degree=Cmp | 11 ἐπίστασθαι | advmod | medium | Comparative adverb, ‘more/further’; form is indeclinable here. |
| 10 | ἐθέλων | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ptc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἦλθον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with understood first-person subject. |
| 11 | ἐπίστασθαι | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 10 ἐθέλων | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to ἐθέλων. |
| 12 | πολλοῖς | πολύς | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 λόγους | amod | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘many’; likely persons addressed or conversed with. |
| 13 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 πολλοῖς | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on substantivized πολλοῖς, ‘many of them’. |
| 14 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἕνεκα | nmod | medium | Demonstrative genitive with ἕνεκα, referring broadly to the preceding Satyr material. |
| 15 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | P | AdpType=Post | 18 ἦλθον | case | high | Postposition governing τούτων. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 17 λόγους | case | high | |
| 17 | λόγους | λόγος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἦλθον | obl | high | Goal/target of ἦλθον: ‘entered into conversation/discussion’. |
| 18 | ἦλθον | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active form, first singular. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 18 ἦλθον | punct | high |
ἔφη δὲ Εὔφημος Κὰρ ἀνὴρ πλέων ἐς Ἰταλίαν ἁμαρτεῖν ὑπὸ ἀνέμων τοῦ πλοῦ καὶ ἐς τὴν ἔξω θάλασσαν, ἐς ἣν οὐκέτι πλέουσιν, ἐξενεχθῆναι.
The sentence has an indirect statement dependent on ἔφη: Εὔφημος is nominative subject of ἁμαρτεῖν and ἐξενεχθῆναι; πλέων is a circumstantial participle. The second ἐς-phrase modifies ἐξενεχθῆναι, with ἣν as its relative object; τοῦ πλοῦ is a genitive of separation/source with ὑπό.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔφη | φημί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔφη | cc | high | |
| 3 | Εὔφημος | Εὔφημος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἁμαρτεῖν | nsubj | high | Subject of the infinitive ἁμαρτεῖν and, by shared subject, ἐξενεχθῆναι. |
| 4 | Κὰρ | Κάρ | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνὴρ | appos | high | Ethnic apposition to Εὔφημος. |
| 5 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Εὔφημος | appos | high | Appositional description of Εὔφημος. |
| 6 | πλέων | πλέω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἁμαρτεῖν | advcl | high | Circumstantial present participle, contemporaneous with ἁμαρτεῖν. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Ἰταλίαν | case | high | |
| 8 | Ἰταλίαν | Ἰταλία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πλέων | obl | high | Goal of πλέων. |
| 9 | ἁμαρτεῖν | ἁμαρτάνω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 ἔφη | ccomp | high | Infinitive of indirect statement after ἔφη. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 ἀνέμων | case | high | |
| 11 | ἀνέμων | ἄνεμος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἁμαρτεῖν | obl | high | Agent/cause with ὑπό. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πλοῦ | det | high | |
| 13 | πλοῦ | πλόος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἁμαρτεῖν | obl | medium | Genitive with ὑπό understood as separation/source: driven off course from the voyage; syntactically linked here to ἁμαρτεῖν. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 ἐξενεχθῆναι | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitive with ἁμαρτεῖν. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 θάλασσαν | case | high | |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 θάλασσαν | det | high | |
| 17 | ἔξω | ἔξω | ADV | ADV | _ | 18 θάλασσαν | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier, ‘outer/beyond’. |
| 18 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἐξενεχθῆναι | obl | high | Goal of ἐξενεχθῆναι. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 θάλασσαν | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 ἣν | case | high | |
| 21 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 πλέουσιν | obl | high | Relative object/goal with πλέουσιν; antecedent is θάλασσαν. |
| 22 | οὐκέτι | οὐκέτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 23 πλέουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 23 | πλέουσιν | πλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 21 ἣν | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἐξενεχθῆναι | punct | high | |
| 25 | ἐξενεχθῆναι | ἐκφέρω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 1 ἔφη | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive of indirect statement; subject is shared with ἁμαρτεῖν. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔφη | punct | high |