Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 1.23.6

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Passage 1.23.6

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5sentences parsed

103Greek tokens

3,809input tokens

7,601output tokens

Sentence 1

1.23.6 sentence 1

Tokens: 25
Input: 801
Output: 1,775
Total: 2,576

ταύταις δὲ οὐκ ἐθέλειν νήσοις προσίσχειν τοὺς ναύτας οἷα πρότερόν τε προσσχόντας καὶ τῶν ἐνοικούντων οὐκ ἀπείρως ἔχοντας, βιασθῆναι δʼ οὖν καὶ τότε.

Elliptical reported infinitival construction: τοὺς ναύτας is the accusative subject of ἐθέλειν and understood subject of βιασθῆναι; βιασθῆναι is treated as the sentence root.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ταύταις	οὗτος	PRON	D-DatPlFem	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	6 προσίσχειν	obl	high	Dative with προσίσχειν, referring to the islands.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	4 ἐθέλειν	cc	high
3	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 ἐθέλειν	advmod	high
4	ἐθέλειν	ἐθέλω	VERB	V-PresActInf	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	20 βιασθῆναι	ccomp	medium	Infinitive in reported or dependent construction; coordinated with βιασθῆναι.
5	νήσοις	νῆσος	NOUN	N-DatPlFem	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	6 προσίσχειν	obl	high	Dative object/location complement of προσίσχειν.
6	προσίσχειν	προσίσχω	VERB	V-PresActInf	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	4 ἐθέλειν	xcomp	high
7	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-AccPlMasc	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	8 ναύτας	det	high
8	ναύτας	ναύτης	NOUN	N-AccPlMasc	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ἐθέλειν	obj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive ἐθέλειν.
9	οἷα	οἷος	ADV	ADV	_	12 προσσχόντας	advmod	medium	Adverbial οἷα introducing a causal/qualifying participial phrase.
10	πρότερόν	πρότερος	ADV	ADV	Degree=Cmp	12 προσσχόντας	advmod	high	Adverbial comparative, ‘previously’.
11	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 προσσχόντας	cc	high
12	προσσχόντας	προσέχω	VERB	V-AorActPtcp-AccPlMasc	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	8 ναύτας	acl	high	Participial modifier of ναύτας.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	18 ἔχοντας	cc	high
14	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GenPlMasc	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	15 ἐνοικούντων	det	high
15	ἐνοικούντων	ἐνοικέω	VERB	V-PresActPtcp-GenPlMasc	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	17 ἀπείρως	nmod	high	Genitive substantive participle, dependent on ἀπείρως.
16	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	17 ἀπείρως	advmod	high
17	ἀπείρως	ἄπειρος	ADV	ADV	_	18 ἔχοντας	advmod	high	Adverb ‘not without experience’; governs the genitive τῶν ἐνοικούντων.
18	ἔχοντας	ἔχω	VERB	V-PresActPtcp-AccPlMasc	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	8 ναύτας	acl	high	Second coordinated participial modifier of ναύτας.
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	20 βιασθῆναι	punct	high
20	βιασθῆναι	βιάζω	VERB	V-AorPassInf	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	medium	Main infinitive of the elliptical reported construction; understood subject is τοὺς ναύτας.
21	δʼ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	20 βιασθῆναι	cc	high	Elided form δέ.
22	οὖν	οὖν	ADV	ADV	_	20 βιασθῆναι	advmod	high
23	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	24 τότε	advmod	high	Adverbial καί, ‘even/also’.
24	τότε	τότε	ADV	ADV	_	20 βιασθῆναι	advmod	high
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	20 βιασθῆναι	punct	high

Sentence 2

1.23.6 sentence 2

Tokens: 25
Input: 824
Output: 1,913
Total: 2,737

ταύτας καλεῖσθαι μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν ναυτῶν Σατυρίδας, εἶναι δὲ τοὺς ἐνοικοῦντας καὶ καπυροὺς καὶ ἵππων οὐ πολὺ μείους ἔχειν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἰσχίοις οὐράς.

Infinitival coordination depends on an elided reporting predicate: καλεῖσθαι and εἶναι/ἔχειν describe the accusative subject ταύτας, with Σατυρίδας as predicate accusative and τοὺς ἐνοικοῦντας as the subject of εἶναι/ἔχειν. The phrase καὶ καπυρούς is predicative; ἵππων οὐ πολὺ μείους modifies οὐράς.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ταύτας	οὗτος	PRON	PD-AF-P	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	2 καλεῖσθαι	ccomp	high	Accusative subject of the infinitival construction.
2	καλεῖσθαι	καλέω	VERB	V-PPN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	medium	First coordinated infinitive; understood under an implicit reporting verb.
3	μὲν	μέν	PART	X	_	2 καλεῖσθαι	discourse	high	Correlative particle, paired with δὲ.
4	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	P	_	6 ναυτῶν	case	high	Agent marker with genitive.
5	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GP	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	6 ναυτῶν	det	high	Article modifying ναυτῶν.
6	ναυτῶν	ναύτης	NOUN	N-GM-P	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	2 καλεῖσθαι	obl:agent	high	Agent of the passive infinitive.
7	Σατυρίδας	Σάτυρος	PROPN	N-AF-P	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	2 καλεῖσθαι	xcomp	medium	Predicate accusative/name assigned in the passive naming construction.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	2 καλεῖσθαι	punct	high
9	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	2 καλεῖσθαι	conj	high	Coordinated infinitive with shared accusative subject.
10	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	X	_	9 εἶναι	cc	high	Correlative coordinator with μέν.
11	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-AM-P	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	12 ἐνοικοῦντας	det	high	Article substantivizing ἐνοικοῦντας.
12	ἐνοικοῦντας	ἐνοικέω	VERB	V-PAP-AM-P	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	9 εἶναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of εἶναι and understood subject of ἔχειν.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	X	_	14 καπυροὺς	cc	high
14	καπυροὺς	καπυρός	ADJ	A-AM-P	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 εἶναι	xcomp	medium	Predicative accusative adjective coordinated with the implied complement of εἶναι.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	X	_	19 μείους	cc	high	Coordinates the comparative phrase.
16	ἵππων	ἵππος	NOUN	N-GM-P	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 μείους	obl:arg	high	Genitive of comparison with μείους.
17	οὐ	οὐ	PART	X	Polarity=Neg	19 μείους	advmod	high	Negates the comparative adjective.
18	πολὺ	πολύς	ADV	A-NP-S	Degree=Pos	19 μείους	advmod	high	Adverbial degree modifier of μείους.
19	μείους	μείων	ADJ	A-AM-P-C	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 οὐράς	amod	medium	Comparative adjective modifying the understood/elliptical quantity associated with οὐράς; syntax is compressed.
20	ἔχειν	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	9 εἶναι	conj	high	Infinitive coordinated with εἶναι, sharing subject τοὺς ἐνοικοῦντας.
21	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	P	_	23 ἰσχίοις	case	high	Preposition governing the dative.
22	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DN-P	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	23 ἰσχίοις	det	high	Article modifying ἰσχίοις.
23	ἰσχίοις	ἰσχίον	NOUN	N-DN-P	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	24 οὐράς	obl	high	Place/attachment complement of ἔχειν via ἐπί.
24	οὐράς	οὐρά	NOUN	N-AF-P	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	20 ἔχειν	obj	high	Object of ἔχειν.
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	2 καλεῖσθαι	punct	high

Sentence 3

1.23.6 sentence 3

Tokens: 23
Input: 787
Output: 1,742
Total: 2,529

τούτους, ὡς ᾔσθοντο, καταδραμόντας ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν φωνὴν μὲν οὐδεμίαν ἱέναι, ταῖς δὲ γυναιξὶν ἐπιχειρεῖν ταῖς ἐν τῇ νηί·

Accusative τούτους is the understood object of an elided governing verb and controls the supplementary participle καταδραμόντας; ὡς ᾔσθοντο is a temporal clause. The infinitives ἱέναι and ἐπιχειρεῖν are coordinated complementary/reportative predicates, with φωνὴν οὐδεμίαν and ταῖς γυναιξίν as their respective complements; καταδραμόντας modifies the understood subject of the infinitives.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τούτους	οὗτος	PRON	Pd-p---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	6 καταδραμόντας	obj	medium	Accusative object of the elided governing predicate; also understood subject of the supplementary infinitives.
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 τούτους	punct	high
3	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	_	_	4 ᾔσθοντο	mark	high	Temporal/conjunctional subordinator.
4	ᾔσθοντο	αἰσθάνομαι	VERB	V-3Iad-p	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	6 καταδραμόντας	advcl	high	Aorist middle, ‘when they perceived’; subject is implicit plural.
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	4 ᾔσθοντο	punct	high
6	καταδραμόντας	κατατρέχω	VERB	V-2Aap-mas	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	13 ἱέναι	xcomp	medium	Supplementary accusative participle, agreeing with τούτους; semantically ‘having run down to’.
7	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	_	_	9 ναῦν	case	high
8	τὴν	ὁ	DET	S- -af-s	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	9 ναῦν	det	high
9	ναῦν	ναῦς	NOUN	S-3af-s	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 καταδραμόντας	obl	high	Goal/directional complement of καταδραμόντας.
10	φωνὴν	φωνή	NOUN	S-1af-s	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 ἱέναι	obj	high	Object of ἱέναι, in the idiom φωνὴν ἱέναι ‘to utter a cry/voice’.
11	μὲν	μέν	PART	Df	_	13 ἱέναι	discourse	high	Correlative particle, paired with δέ.
12	οὐδεμίαν	οὐδείς	ADJ	A-----fa-s	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Neg	10 φωνὴν	amod	high	Negative adjective agreeing with φωνήν.
13	ἱέναι	ἵημι	VERB	V-0PAN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Present active infinitive; governing infinitive of the coordinated construction.
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἱέναι	punct	high
15	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	S- -df-p	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	17 γυναιξὶν	det	high
16	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Df	_	18 ἐπιχειρεῖν	cc	high	Correlative/conjoining particle paired with μέν.
17	γυναιξὶν	γυνή	NOUN	S-3df-p	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	18 ἐπιχειρεῖν	obl	high	Dative target/object with ἐπιχειρεῖν.
18	ἐπιχειρεῖν	ἐπιχειρέω	VERB	V-1PNA	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	13 ἱέναι	conj	high	Coordinated present active infinitive, ‘to attack/lay hands on’.
19	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	S- -df-p	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	22 νηί	det	high
20	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	_	_	22 νηί	case	high
21	τῇ	ὁ	DET	S- -df-s	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	22 νηί	det	high
22	νηί	ναῦς	NOUN	S-3df-s	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 ἐπιχειρεῖν	obl	high	Prepositional complement: ‘in the ship’; modifies the women.
23	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἱέναι	punct	high

Sentence 4

1.23.6 sentence 4

Tokens: 12
Input: 672
Output: 924
Total: 1,596

τέλος δὲ δείσαντας τοὺς ναύτας βάρβαρον γυναῖκα ἐκβαλεῖν ἐς τὴν νῆσον·

The accusative participial phrase δείσαντας τοὺς ναύτας expresses the sailors’ fear and functions as the accusative subject of the infinitive; γυναῖκα is its object.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τέλος	τέλος	ADV	ADV	_	8 ἐκβαλεῖν	advmod	high	Adverbial τέλος, ‘finally/at last’.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 ἐκβαλεῖν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	δείσαντας	δείδω	VERB	VAAP-PMA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Plural\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	5 ναύτας	acl	high	Aorist active accusative masculine plural participle, agreeing with τοὺς ναύτας.
4	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	DA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plural\|PronType=Art	5 ναύτας	det	high	Article modifying ναύτας.
5	ναύτας	ναύτης	NOUN	NA-PMA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plural	8 ἐκβαλεῖν	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive ἐκβαλεῖν.
6	βάρβαρον	βάρβαρος	ADJ	A-FPA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Singular	7 γυναῖκα	amod	high	Adjective modifying γυναῖκα.
7	γυναῖκα	γυνή	NOUN	N-FPA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Singular	8 ἐκβαλεῖν	obj	high	Object of ἐκβαλεῖν.
8	ἐκβαλεῖν	ἐκβάλλω	VERB	VFAI	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high	Aorist active infinitive; main predicate of the reported action.
9	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	11 νῆσον	case	high	Preposition governing νῆσον.
10	τὴν	ὁ	DET	DA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Art	11 νῆσον	det	high	Article modifying νῆσον.
11	νῆσον	νῆσος	NOUN	N-FSA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Singular	8 ἐκβαλεῖν	obl	high	Directional oblique complement of ἐκβαλεῖν.
12	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἐκβαλεῖν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 5

1.23.6 sentence 5

Tokens: 18
Input: 725
Output: 1,247
Total: 1,972

ἐς ταύτην οὖν ὑβρίζειν τοὺς Σατύρους οὐ μόνον ᾗ καθέστηκεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ πᾶν ὁμοίως σῶμα.

The sentence is an accusative-and-infinitive construction: τοὺς Σατύρους is the accusative subject of ὑβρίζειν, with coordinated contrast between the respect in which ταύτη has been constituted and the whole body likewise.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	AdpType=Prep	4 ὑβρίζειν	case	high
2	ταύτην	οὗτος	PRON	PD--ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	4 ὑβρίζειν	obl	high
3	οὖν	οὖν	PART	PART	_	4 ὑβρίζειν	discourse	high
4	ὑβρίζειν	ὑβρίζω	VERB	PNA	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Infinitival clause, with accusative subject.
5	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	D----AM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	6 Σατύρους	det	high
6	Σατύρους	Σάτυρος	PROPN	N--PAM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ὑβρίζειν	obj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
7	οὐ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 μόνον	advmod	high
8	μόνον	μόνον	ADV	ADV	_	4 ὑβρίζειν	advmod	high	Correlative with ἀλλά.
9	ᾗ	ὅς	PRON	R----DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	10 καθέστηκεν	advmod	medium	Relative adverbial dative, approximately ‘in which respect/as’.
10	καθέστηκεν	καθίστημι	VERB	VRAI3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	8 μόνον	advcl	medium	Relative clause; subject is understood ταύτην.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	10 καθέστηκεν	punct	high
12	ἀλλὰ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	CONJ	_	4 ὑβρίζειν	cc	high	Coordinates the second accusative object/phrase with the preceding clause.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	17 σῶμα	cc	high	Correlative/additive καί.
14	τὸ	ὁ	DET	D----ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	15 πᾶν	det	high
15	πᾶν	πᾶς	ADJ	A----ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 σῶμα	amod	high	Substantivized adjective with τὸ.
16	ὁμοίως	ὁμοίως	ADV	ADV	_	17 σῶμα	advmod	high
17	σῶμα	σῶμα	NOUN	N-----AN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 ὑβρίζειν	obj	high	Second coordinated accusative object/phrase: ‘the whole body likewise’.
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	4 ὑβρίζειν	punct	high

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