Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 1.23.6

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Passage 1.23.6

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5sentences parsed

103Greek tokens

3,811input tokens

7,574output tokens

Sentence 1

1.23.6 sentence 1

Tokens: 25
Input: 801
Output: 1,857
Total: 2,658

ταύταις δὲ οὐκ ἐθέλειν νήσοις προσίσχειν τοὺς ναύτας οἷα πρότερόν τε προσσχόντας καὶ τῶν ἐνοικούντων οὐκ ἀπείρως ἔχοντας, βιασθῆναι δʼ οὖν καὶ τότε.

The syntax is largely indirect discourse with δύο infinitives (ἐθέλειν, βιασθῆναι) coordinated; the participial cluster after ναύτας is semantically dense and textually somewhat difficult.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ταύταις	οὗτος	DET	PD-FP-D	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	4 ἐθέλειν	obj	high	Dative with ἐθέλειν/προσίσχειν sense; likely dat. of respect/advantage with nearby infinitive phrase.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G	_	4 ἐθέλειν	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	D	Polarity=Neg	4 ἐθέλειν	advmod	high	Negates infinitive ἐθέλειν.
4	ἐθέλειν	ἐθέλω	VERB	V-PAI-ANE	Aspect=Imp\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of clause; infinitival style in indirect discourse.
5	νήσοις	νῆσος	NOUN	N-DFP	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	6 προσίσχειν	obl	high	Dative complement with προσίσχειν.
6	προσίσχειν	προσίσχω	VERB	V-PAI-ANE	Aspect=Imp\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	4 ἐθέλειν	xcomp	high	Infinitival complement of ἐθέλειν.
7	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	RA-MP	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	8 ναύτας	det	high	Article with ναύτας.
8	ναύτας	ναύτης	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 προσίσχειν	obj	high	Accusative subject/object of participial phrase depending on indirect discourse; attached here to προσίσχειν as semantic object.
9	οἷα	οἷος	PRON	PQ-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	12 προσσχόντας	advmod	low	Textually difficult; likely relative/qualitative modifier of participle, morphology uncertain.
10	πρότερόν	πρότερον	ADV	B	_	12 προσσχόντας	advmod	high	Temporal adverb modifying προσσχόντας.
11	τε	τε	PART	G	_	12 προσσχόντας	discourse	high	Enclitic connective.
12	προσσχόντας	προσέχω	VERB	V-AAP-APM	Aspect=Perf\|Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	8 ναύτας	acl	high	Participial modifier of ναύτας.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	12 προσσχόντας	cc	high	Coordinates participial modifiers.
14	τῶν	ὁ	DET	RA-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	15 ἐνοικούντων	det	high	Article with ἐνοικούντων.
15	ἐνοικούντων	ἐνοικέω	VERB	V-PAP-GPM	Aspect=Imp\|Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	12 προσσχόντας	conj	high	Second participial modifier coordinated with προσσχόντας.
16	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	D	Polarity=Neg	18 ἔχοντας	advmod	high	Negates ἔχοντας.
17	ἀπείρως	ἀπείρως	ADV	B	_	18 ἔχοντας	advmod	high	Adverb modifying ἔχοντας.
18	ἔχοντας	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAP-APM	Aspect=Imp\|Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	15 ἐνοικούντων	acl	high	Participle dependent on ἐνοικούντων; likely describes the inhabitants 'having not inexperienced...'
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	4 ἐθέλειν	punct	high	Punctuation.
20	βιασθῆναι	βιάζω	VERB	V-APN	Aspect=Perf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	4 ἐθέλειν	conj	high	Coordinated infinitive with ἐθέλειν in indirect discourse.
21	δʼ	δέ	CCONJ	G	_	20 βιασθῆναι	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
22	οὖν	οὖν	PART	G	_	20 βιασθῆναι	advmod	high	Inferential particle.
23	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	24 τότε	cc	high	Coordinates with τότε.
24	τότε	τότε	ADV	B	_	20 βιασθῆναι	advmod	high	Temporal adverb modifying βιασθῆναι.
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	4 ἐθέλειν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 2

1.23.6 sentence 2

Tokens: 25
Input: 825
Output: 1,807
Total: 2,632

ταύτας καλεῖσθαι μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν ναυτῶν Σατυρίδας, εἶναι δὲ τοὺς ἐνοικοῦντας καὶ καπυροὺς καὶ ἵππων οὐ πολὺ μείους ἔχειν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἰσχίοις οὐράς.

The sentence consists of three coordinated infinitival clauses depending on an implied reporting verb; the last clause is syntactically tight, with μείους governing a genitive of comparison and an oblique dative phrase.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ταύτας	οὗτος	DET	Pd-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	2 καλεῖσθαι	obj	high	Accusative subject of infinitive καλεῖσθαι.
2	καλεῖσθαι	καλέω	VERB	V-PPN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	First infinitival predication.
3	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	2 καλεῖσθαι	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
4	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R--------	_	6 ναυτῶν	case	high	Marks agent phrase.
5	τῶν	ὁ	DET	Pd-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	6 ναυτῶν	det	high	Article with ναυτῶν.
6	ναυτῶν	ναύτης	NOUN	N-P---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	2 καλεῖσθαι	obl	high	Agent of passive infinitive.
7	Σατυρίδας	Σατυρίς	NOUN	N-P---FA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	2 καλεῖσθαι	xcomp	medium	Predicative accusative naming the women; syntax somewhat compressed.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	2 καλεῖσθαι	punct	high	Punctuation.
9	εἶναι	εἰμί	VERB	V-PNN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Second coordinated infinitival predication.
10	δὲ	δέ	PART	G--------	_	9 εἶναι	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
11	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	Pd-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	12 ἐνοικοῦντας	det	high	Article with ἐνοικοῦντας.
12	ἐνοικοῦντας	ἐνοικέω	VERB	V-PPA-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	9 εἶναι	csubj	high	Accusative participial subject/predicate in indirect statement.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	14 καπυροὺς	cc	high	Coords the following adjective with participle.
14	καπυροὺς	καπυρός	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 ἐνοικοῦντας	conj	medium	Likely adjective/predicate coordinated with ἐνοικοῦντας; form is unusual.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	19 μείους	cc	high	Coordinates μείους with ἵππων phrase.
16	ἵππων	ἵππος	NOUN	N-P---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 μείους	nmod	high	Genitive of comparison with μείους.
17	οὐ	οὐ	PART	G--------	_	18 πολὺ	advmod	high	Negates the degree adverb.
18	πολὺ	πολύς	ADV	D--------	_	19 μείους	advmod	high	Degree modifier of comparative.
19	μείους	μικρός	ADJ	A-APM-CMP	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	20 ἔχειν	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with infinitive ἔχειν.
20	ἔχειν	ἔχω	VERB	V-PNN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	9 εἶναι	conj	high	Third coordinated infinitival predication.
21	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	23 ἰσχίοις	case	high	Preposition governing dative.
22	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	Pd-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	23 ἰσχίοις	det	high	Article with ἰσχίοις.
23	ἰσχίοις	ἰσχύς	NOUN	N-D---NP-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	20 ἔχειν	obl	medium	Likely dative of location/part: 'on the hips'.
24	οὐράς	οὐρά	NOUN	N-P---FA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	20 ἔχειν	obj	high	Object of ἔχειν.
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	2 καλεῖσθαι	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 3

1.23.6 sentence 3

Tokens: 23
Input: 788
Output: 1,743
Total: 2,531

τούτους, ὡς ᾔσθοντο, καταδραμόντας ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν φωνὴν μὲν οὐδεμίαν ἱέναι, ταῖς δὲ γυναιξὶν ἐπιχειρεῖν ταῖς ἐν τῇ νηί·

The main difficulty is the participial chain: καταδραμόντας depends on the infinitival clause ἱέναι, while ἔπιχειρεῖν is coordinated with ἱέναι and governs the dative γυναιξίν plus the ἐν τῇ νηί phrase.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τούτους	οὗτος	PRON	Pd--m-p---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	6 καταδραμόντας	obj	high	Accusative demonstrative referring to the men just mentioned.
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 καταδραμόντας	punct	high	Punctuation.
3	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C--------	_	4 ᾔσθοντο	mark	high	Introduces the temporal/circumstantial clause.
4	ᾔσθοντο	αἰσθάνομαι	VERB	V3iaip---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	18 ἐπιχειρεῖν	advcl	high	Temporal/circumstantial clause governing the participle phrase.
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	4 ᾔσθοντο	punct	high	Punctuation.
6	καταδραμόντας	κατατρέχω	VERB	V-AAP---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	13 ἱέναι	advcl	high	Accusative participle agreeing with τούτους; dependent on infinitive ἱέναι as supplementary participial clause.
7	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	9 ναῦν	case	high	Preposition governing ναῦν.
8	τὴν	ὁ	DET	L- / f-s-a-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	9 ναῦν	det	high	Article with ναῦν.
9	ναῦν	ναῦς	NOUN	N--s---fa-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 καταδραμόντας	obl	high	Goal/destination of καταδραμόντας.
10	φωνὴν	φωνή	NOUN	N--s---fa-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 ἱέναι	obj	high	Object of ἱέναι.
11	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	13 ἱέναι	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
12	οὐδεμίαν	οὐδείς	DET	Pk-s---fa-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	10 φωνὴν	amod	high	Negative determiner modifying φωνήν.
13	ἱέναι	ἵημι	VERB	V--PNA---	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	18 ἐπιχειρεῖν	xcomp	high	Complement infinitive coordinated with ἐπιχειρεῖν.
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	18 ἐπιχειρεῖν	punct	high	Punctuation.
15	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	L-p-d-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	17 γυναιξὶν	det	high	Article with γυναιξίν.
16	δὲ	δέ	PART	G--------	_	18 ἐπιχειρεῖν	discourse	high	Postpositive connective particle.
17	γυναιξὶν	γυνή	NOUN	N-p---fd-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	18 ἐπιχειρεῖν	iobj	high	Dative complement with ἐπιχειρεῖν, likely indirect object/target.
18	ἐπιχειρεῖν	ἐπιχειρέω	VERB	V--PNA---	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	4 ᾔσθοντο	ccomp	high	Second infinitival complement of ᾔσθοντο after the participial phrase.
19	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	L-p-d-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	22 νηί	det	high	Article with νηί (attracted form after ἐν).
20	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	22 νηί	case	high	Preposition governing τῇ νηί.
21	τῇ	ὁ	DET	L-s-d-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	22 νηί	det	high	Article with νηί.
22	νηί	ναῦς	NOUN	N-s---fd-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 γυναιξὶν	nmod	medium	Likely modifies γυναιξίν with ἐν phrase; article at 19 may reflect attraction or textual usage.
23	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	18 ἐπιχειρεῖν	punct	high	Punctuation.

Sentence 4

1.23.6 sentence 4

Tokens: 12
Input: 672
Output: 890
Total: 1,562

τέλος δὲ δείσαντας τοὺς ναύτας βάρβαρον γυναῖκα ἐκβαλεῖν ἐς τὴν νῆσον·

Participial phrase δείσαντας τοὺς ναύτας depends on the infinitive ἐκβαλεῖν; τέλος is treated adverbially modifying the infinitive.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τέλος	τέλος	ADV	_	_	8 ἐκβαλεῖν	advmod	medium	Adverbial use ‘finally/at last’.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	3 δείσαντας	discourse	high	Postpositive particle.
3	δείσαντας	δείδω	VERB	V-AAP-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	8 ἐκβαλεῖν	advcl	high	Accusative participle agreeing with τοὺς ναύτας.
4	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-AMP	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	5 ναύτας	det	high	Article with ναύτας.
5	ναύτας	ναύτης	NOUN	N-AMP	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 δείσαντας	obj	high	Object of the participle δείσαντας.
6	βάρβαρον	βάρβαρος	ADJ	A-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 γυναῖκα	amod	high	Modifies γυναῖκα.
7	γυναῖκα	γυνή	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 ἐκβαλεῖν	obj	high	Object of ἐκβαλεῖν.
8	ἐκβαλεῖν	ἐκβάλλω	VERB	V-AAN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main infinitive of the sentence.
9	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R	_	11 νῆσον	case	high	Preposition governing νῆσον.
10	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	11 νῆσον	det	high	Article with νῆσον.
11	νῆσον	νῆσος	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 ἐκβαλεῖν	obl	high	Oblique goal with ἐς.
12	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἐκβαλεῖν	punct	high	Sentence punctuation.

Sentence 5

1.23.6 sentence 5

Tokens: 18
Input: 725
Output: 1,277
Total: 2,002

ἐς ταύτην οὖν ὑβρίζειν τοὺς Σατύρους οὐ μόνον ᾗ καθέστηκεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ πᾶν ὁμοίως σῶμα.

The syntax is elliptical: ὑβρίζειν governs two coordinated accusative objects, with ᾗ καθέστηκεν forming a relative adverbial clause and ἀλλὰ καὶ introducing the second coordinated object/phrase.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	_	4 ὑβρίζειν	mark	high	Preposition governing implied goal/complement with ὑβρίζειν.
2	ταύτην	οὗτος	PRON	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	1 ἐς	obj	high	Object of the preposition.
3	οὖν	οὖν	PART	_	_	4 ὑβρίζειν	discourse	high	Inferential particle.
4	ὑβρίζειν	ὑβρίζω	VERB	_	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main infinitival predication.
5	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	6 Σατύρους	det	high	Article with Σατύρους.
6	Σατύρους	Σάτυρος	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ὑβρίζειν	obj	high	Accusative object of ὑβρίζειν.
7	οὐ	οὐ	PART	_	_	8 μόνον	advmod	high	Negator of μόνον.
8	μόνον	μόνον	ADV	_	_	10 καθέστηκεν	advmod	medium	Correlative focus particle modifying the clause with ᾗ καθέστηκεν; exact attachment is somewhat uncertain.
9	ᾗ	ὅς	PRON	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	10 καθέστηκεν	obl	high	Relative adverbial phrase 'in which way/as'.
10	καθέστηκεν	καθίστημι	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	4 ὑβρίζειν	advcl	high	Finite verbal clause dependent on ὑβρίζειν.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	10 καθέστηκεν	punct	high	Comma punctuation.
12	ἀλλὰ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	_	_	17 σῶμα	cc	high	Coordinating adversative conjunction.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	12 ἀλλὰ	fixed	medium	Likely part of the correlative sequence ἀλλὰ καὶ.
14	τὸ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	17 σῶμα	det	high	Article with σῶμα.
15	πᾶν	πᾶς	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 σῶμα	amod	high	Attributive modifier of σῶμα.
16	ὁμοίως	ὁμοίως	ADV	_	_	17 σῶμα	advmod	high	Adverb modifying σῶμα or the coordinated phrase.
17	σῶμα	σῶμα	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 ὑβρίζειν	conj	high	Coordinated accusative object with Σατύρους.
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	4 ὑβρίζειν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

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