Grammar parses for passage 1.23.8
Open translation for this passage
ἵππος δὲ ὁ καλούμενος Δούριος ἀνάκειται χαλκοῦς.
The sentence has a nominative subject ἵππος with an attributive participial naming construction; χαλκοῦς is a predicate adjective with ἀνάκειται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἵππος | ἵππος | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀνάκειται | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 ἀνάκειται | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 καλούμενος | det | high | |
| 4 | καλούμενος | καλέω | VERB | v-spp-mmn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 1 ἵππος | acl | high | Substantivized/attributive present passive participle modifying ἵππος. |
| 5 | Δούριος | Δούριος | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 καλούμενος | xcomp | medium | Name/predicate complement of καλούμενος: ‘called the Wooden Horse’; case may be analyzed as nominative predicative. |
| 6 | ἀνάκειται | ἀνάκειμαι | VERB | v3spie--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | χαλκοῦς | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀνάκειται | amod | high | Predicative adjective agreeing with ἵππος; UD may alternatively use xcomp. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀνάκειται | punct | high |
καὶ ὅτι μὲν τὸ ποίημα τὸ Ἐπειοῦ μηχάνημα ἦν ἐς διάλυσιν τοῦ τείχους, οἶδεν ὅστις μὴ πᾶσαν ἐπιφέρει τοῖς Φρυξὶν εὐήθειαν·
The clause καὶ ὅτι ... οἶδεν is coordinated with the preceding context; ὅτι introduces the content clause, with τὸ ποίημα τὸ Ἐπειοῦ μηχάνημα as subject and ἦν as copula. The relative ὅστις μὴ πᾶσαν ἐπιφέρει τοῖς Φρυξὶν εὐήθειαν is a generic subject clause: whoever does not attribute complete foolishness to the Phrygians knows this.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c----- | _ | 15 οἶδεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 15 οἶδεν | mark | high | Introduces the content clause of οἶδεν. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | d-------- | _ | 2 ὅτι | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | la-snn | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ποίημα | det | high | |
| 5 | ποίημα | ποίημα | NOUN | n-snn | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 μηχάνημα | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | la-snn | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 μηχάνημα | det | high | Article introducing the following genitival specification/apposition. |
| 7 | Ἐπειοῦ | Ἐπειός | PROPN | ne-sgm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 μηχάνημα | nmod | high | Genitive of author/possessor, ‘of Epeius’. |
| 8 | μηχάνημα | μηχάνημα | NOUN | n-snn | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἦν | attr | high | Predicate nominative with ἦν. |
| 9 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 15 οἶδεν | ccomp | high | Copula of the ὅτι-content clause. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 11 διάλυσιν | case | high | |
| 11 | διάλυσιν | διάλυσις | NOUN | n-sfa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 μηχάνημα | obl | high | Purpose/direction complement of μηχάνημα. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | la-sgn | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 τείχους | det | high | |
| 13 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | n-sgn | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 διάλυσιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on διάλυσιν. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 οἶδεν | punct | high | |
| 15 | οἶδεν | οἶδα | VERB | v3sr ia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect-form verb with present meaning; governs the ὅτι clause. |
| 16 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | pr-snm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐπιφέρει | nsubj | high | Generic relative pronoun, subject of ἐπιφέρει. |
| 17 | μὴ | μή | PART | d-------- | _ | 19 ἐπιφέρει | advmod | high | Negative particle with ἐπιφέρει. |
| 18 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | a-saf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 εὐήθειαν | amod | high | |
| 19 | ἐπιφέρει | ἐπιφέρω | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 οἶδεν | csubj | medium | Finite verb in the generic relative subject clause; the clause functions as subject of οἶδεν. |
| 20 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | la-pmd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 Φρυξὶν | det | high | |
| 21 | Φρυξὶν | Φρύξ | PROPN | ne-pmd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἐπιφέρει | iobj | high | Dative recipient/target of ἐπιφέρει. |
| 22 | εὐήθειαν | εὐήθεια | NOUN | n-sfa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἐπιφέρει | obj | high | Object of ἐπιφέρει. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 οἶδεν | punct | high |
λέγεται δὲ ἔς τε ἐκεῖνον τὸν ἵππον ὡς τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἔνδον ἔχοι τοὺς ἀρίστους, καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῦ χαλκοῦ τὸ σχῆμά ἐστι κατὰ ταῦτα·
The sentence coordinates λέγεται ... ἔχοι with a second assertion, τὸ σχῆμα ... ἐστι; ὡς introduces the reported content, and ἔς τε ... καὶ marks the correlating phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-3S-PMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/passive-looking form, ‘it is said’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἔς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 ἵππον | case | high | Epic/vernacular form of εἰς. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | PTCL | _ | 3 ἔς | cc | high | Correlative τε with καί. |
| 5 | ἐκεῖνον | ἐκεῖνος | DET | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἵππον | det | high | |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἵππον | det | high | |
| 7 | ἵππον | ἵππος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἔχοι | obl | high | Object of ἔχοι within the ὡς-clause. |
| 8 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἔχοι | mark | high | Introduces content/accusative-infinitive-like reported clause with finite ἔχοι. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἔχοι | nmod | high | Partitive/genitive: the best of the Greeks. |
| 11 | ἔνδον | ἔνδον | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 ἔχοι | advmod | high | Locative adverb, ‘inside’. |
| 12 | ἔχοι | ἔχω | VERB | V-3S-PAO | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | high | Optative in reported assertion after λέγεται. |
| 13 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀρίστους | det | high | |
| 14 | ἀρίστους | ἄριστος | ADJ | A-APM-SUP | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἔχοι | obj | high | Substantivized superlative, object of ἔχοι. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 ἐστι | cc | high | Coordinates the second predication. |
| 17 | δὴ | δή | PART | PTCL | _ | 16 καὶ | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 καὶ | cc | medium | Part of emphatic καὶ δή καί sequence. |
| 19 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 χαλκοῦ | det | high | |
| 20 | χαλκοῦ | χαλκός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 σχῆμά | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on σχῆμα: form/design of the bronze. |
| 21 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 σχῆμά | det | high | |
| 22 | σχῆμά | σχῆμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 23 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-3S-PAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate, with σχῆμα as subject. |
| 24 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 25 ταῦτα | case | high | |
| 25 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | D-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ἐστι | obl | high | Accusative of manner/accord, ‘in accordance with these things’. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high |
καὶ Μενεσθεὺς καὶ Τεῦκρος ὑπερκύπτουσιν ἐξ αὐτοῦ, προσέτι δὲ καὶ οἱ παῖδες οἱ Θησέως.
Two coordinated subjects (Μενεσθεύς and Τεῦκρος) govern ὑπερκύπτουσιν; the final noun phrase οἱ παῖδες οἱ Θησέως is an additional coordinated subject, with the repeated article οἱ introducing a postposed attributive genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 2 Μενεσθεὺς | cc | high | |
| 2 | Μενεσθεὺς | Μενεσθεύς | PROPN | NE-MS-NOM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ὑπερκύπτουσιν | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 Τεῦκρος | cc | high | |
| 4 | Τεῦκρος | Τεῦκρος | PROPN | NE-MS-NOM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 Μενεσθεὺς | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 5 | ὑπερκύπτουσιν | ὑπερκύπτω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Elided form of ἐκ before vowel. |
| 7 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 5 ὑπερκύπτουσιν | obl | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ὑπερκύπτουσιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | προσέτι | προσέτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 13 παῖδες | advmod | medium | Adds the further coordinated subject phrase. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 παῖδες | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 παῖδες | cc | high | |
| 12 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-MPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 παῖδες | det | high | |
| 13 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N-MPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ὑπερκύπτουσιν | conj | high | Additional coordinated subject. |
| 14 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-MPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 Θησέως | det | high | Repeated article introducing the attributive genitive phrase. |
| 15 | Θησέως | Θησεύς | PROPN | NE-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 παῖδες | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on παῖδες. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ὑπερκύπτουσιν | punct | high |