Grammar parses for passage 1.25.3
Open translation for this passage
τὸ γὰρ ἀτύχημα τὸ ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ ἅπασι τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἦρξε κακοῦ καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα δούλους ἐποίησε τοὺς ὑπεριδόντας καὶ ὅσοι μετὰ Μακεδόνων ἐτάχθησαν.
ἦρξε κακοῦ and ἐποίησε τοὺς...δούλους are coordinated predicates; ὅσοι μετὰ Μακεδόνων ἐτάχθησαν is a coordinated relative group whose antecedent is understood among those made slaves.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἀτύχημα | det | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G- | _ | 10 ἦρξε | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἀτύχημα | ἀτύχημα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἦρξε | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἀτύχημα | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 6 Χαιρωνείᾳ | case | high | |
| 6 | Χαιρωνείᾳ | Χαιρώνεια | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 τὸ | nmod | high | |
| 7 | ἅπασι | ἅπας | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Ἕλλησιν | det | high | |
| 8 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Ἕλλησιν | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἦρξε | iobj | high | |
| 10 | ἦρξε | ἄρχω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | κακοῦ | κακόν | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἦρξε | nmod | high | Partitive/genitive complement of ἦρξε. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 16 ἐποίησε | cc | high | |
| 13 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | D- | Polarity=Neg | 16 ἐποίησε | advmod | high | |
| 14 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | D-SUP | Degree=Sup | 16 ἐποίησε | advmod | high | Lexicalized superlative: ‘not least’. |
| 15 | δούλους | δοῦλος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἐποίησε | obj | high | Predicate/object complement with ἐποίησε. |
| 16 | ἐποίησε | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 ἦρξε | conj | high | |
| 17 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 ὑπεριδόντας | det | high | |
| 18 | ὑπεριδόντας | ὑπεροράω | VERB | V-AAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἐποίησε | obj | high | Articular participle, coordinated semantically with ὅσοι. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 20 ὅσοι | cc | high | |
| 20 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | P-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 23 ἐτάχθησαν | nsubj | high | Relative quantifier introducing a relative clause; nominative subject of ἐτάχθησαν. |
| 21 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R-G- | _ | 22 Μακεδόνων | case | high | |
| 22 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἐτάχθησαν | obl | high | |
| 23 | ἐτάχθησαν | τάσσω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 18 ὑπεριδόντας | acl:relcl | medium | Relative clause coordinated with the articular participial group; attachment to ὑπεριδόντας is structurally compressed. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἦρξε | punct | high |
τὰς μὲν δὴ πολλὰς Φίλιππος τῶν πόλεων εἷλεν, Ἀθηναίοις δὲ λόγῳ συνθέμενος ἔργῳ σφᾶς μάλιστα ἐκάκωσε, νήσους τε ἀφελόμενος καὶ τῆς ἐς τὰ ναυτικὰ παύσας ἀρχῆς.
Φίλιππος is the understood subject of both finite verbs and the three aorist participles; πολλὰς is substantivized with partitive τῶν πόλεων, while the final participles express means or resulting actions.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 εἷλεν | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 8 εἷλεν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; δέ follows. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | D-------- | _ | 8 εἷλεν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | πολλὰς | πολύς | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 τὰς | amod | high | Substantivized adjective modifying τὰς. |
| 5 | Φίλιππος | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἷλεν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 πόλεων | det | high | |
| 7 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 εἷλεν | obl | high | Partitive genitive with πολλὰς. |
| 8 | εἷλεν | αἱρέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἷλεν | punct | high | |
| 10 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 συνθέμενος | obl | medium | Dative associated with συνθέμενος, likely 'having made an agreement with the Athenians'. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἐκάκωσε | cc | high | Connects the concessive/participial clause to the main assertion. |
| 12 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 συνθέμενος | obl | high | Means or manner dative: by agreement/word. |
| 13 | συνθέμενος | συντίθημι | VERB | V-AMPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 17 ἐκάκωσε | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle with Φίλιππος as understood subject. |
| 14 | ἔργῳ | ἔργον | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐκάκωσε | obl | high | Contrasting manner dative: in deed. |
| 15 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 17 ἐκάκωσε | obj | high | Refers to the Athenians. |
| 16 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 17 ἐκάκωσε | advmod | high | |
| 17 | ἐκάκωσε | κακόω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 εἷλεν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb, subject Φίλιππος understood. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐκάκωσε | punct | high | |
| 19 | νήσους | νῆσος | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 ἀφελόμενος | obj | high | |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἀφελόμενος | cc | high | Pairs with καί. |
| 21 | ἀφελόμενος | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | V-AMPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 17 ἐκάκωσε | advcl | high | Participial means of harming; subject is Φίλιππος. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 παύσας | cc | high | Pairs with τε. |
| 23 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἀρχῆς | det | high | |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 τὰ | case | high | |
| 25 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ναυτικὰ | det | high | |
| 26 | ναυτικὰ | ναυτικός | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 ἐς | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, 'naval affairs'; object of ἐς. |
| 27 | παύσας | παύω | VERB | V-AAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 21 ἀφελόμενος | conj | high | Coordinated with ἀφελόμενος; governs genitive τῆς ... ἀρχῆς. |
| 28 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 παύσας | obj | medium | Genitive complement of παύω; τῆς ... ἀρχῆς is the rule/control from which the Athenians were stopped. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἷλεν | punct | high |
καὶ χρόνον μέν τινα ἡσύχασαν Ἀθηναῖοι Φιλίππου βασιλεύοντος καὶ ὕστερον Ἀλεξάνδρου· τελευτήσαντος δὲ Ἀλεξάνδρου Μακεδόνες μὲν βασιλεύειν εἵλοντο Ἀριδαῖον, Ἀντιπάτρῳ δὲ ἐπετέτραπτο ἡ πᾶσα ἀρχή,
The sentence has two main clauses: ἡσύχασαν and a later coordinated clause with εἵλοντο and ἐπετέτραπτο; τελευτήσαντος Ἀλεξάνδρου is a genitive absolute, while Ἀλεξάνδρου after ὕστερον is elliptical with βασιλεύοντος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἡσύχασαν | cc | high | |
| 2 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἡσύχασαν | obl | high | Accusative of duration. |
| 3 | μέν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἡσύχασαν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τινα | τις | DET | A-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 χρόνον | det | high | |
| 5 | ἡσύχασαν | ἡσυχάζω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἡσύχασαν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 βασιλεύοντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 8 | βασιλεύοντος | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-GMS | Aspect=Imp|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἡσύχασαν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ὕστερον | cc | high | |
| 10 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D | _ | 5 ἡσύχασαν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 11 | Ἀλεξάνδρου | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ὕστερον | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on elliptical βασιλεύοντος, coordinated with Φιλίππου. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἡσύχασαν | punct | high | |
| 13 | τελευτήσαντος | τελευτάω | VERB | V-AAP-GMS | Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 24 ἐπετέτραπτο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 24 ἐπετέτραπτο | cc | high | |
| 15 | Ἀλεξάνδρου | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 τελευτήσαντος | nsubj | high | Subject of genitive absolute. |
| 16 | Μακεδόνες | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 εἵλοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 19 εἵλοντο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with δέ at token 23. |
| 18 | βασιλεύειν | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAN | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 εἵλοντο | xcomp | high | Infinitive selected by εἵλοντο. |
| 19 | εἵλοντο | αἱρέω | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 24 ἐπετέτραπτο | conj | high | Main verb of the second clause. |
| 20 | Ἀριδαῖον | Ἀριδαῖος | PROPN | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 βασιλεύειν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 εἵλοντο | punct | high | |
| 22 | Ἀντιπάτρῳ | Ἀντίπατρος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπετέτραπτο | obl | high | Dative with ἐπιτρέπω; recipient/agent of entrusted authority. |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 24 ἐπετέτραπτο | cc | high | Correlative with μέν at token 17. |
| 24 | ἐπετέτραπτο | ἐπιτρέπω | VERB | V-LMI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid|VoiceForm=Pluperfect | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Pluperfect middle/passive; coordinated main clause with εἵλοντο. |
| 25 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀρχή | det | high | |
| 26 | πᾶσα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀρχή | amod | high | |
| 27 | ἀρχή | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπετέτραπτο | nsubj | high | |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐπετέτραπτο | punct | high |
καὶ Ἀθηναίοις οὐκέτι ἀνεκτὰ ἐφαίνετο εἰ τὸν πάντα χρόνον ἔσται ἐπὶ Μακεδόσι τὸ Ἑλληνικόν,
The impersonal ἐφαίνετο governs ἀνεκτά as a predicative accusative and an εἰ-clause as its content; ἔσται is future εἰμί, with τὸ Ἑλληνικόν as subject and ἐπὶ Μακεδόσι as a governing-state complement. The exact scope of πάντα with χρόνον is syntactically clear but semantic nuance is mildly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 5 ἐφαίνετο | cc | high | |
| 2 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N---DM-P- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐφαίνετο | iobj | high | Dative of the experiencer/judging party with impersonal ἐφαίνετο. |
| 3 | οὐκέτι | οὐκέτι | ADV | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 5 ἐφαίνετο | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἀνεκτὰ | ἀνεκτός | ADJ | A----NA-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐφαίνετο | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with impersonal ἐφαίνετο; substantival neuter plural, with elliptical understood subject/content. |
| 5 | ἐφαίνετο | φαίνω | VERB | V3IIIMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal middle/passive-form verb, ‘seemed/appeared’. |
| 6 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἐφαίνετο | ccomp | high | Introduces the content clause of ἐφαίνετο. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L----MA-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 χρόνον | det | high | |
| 8 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A----MA-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 χρόνον | amod | high | |
| 9 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N----MA-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἔσται | obl | high | Accusative of duration. |
| 10 | ἔσται | εἰμί | AUX | V3SFMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 6 εἰ | advcl | medium | Future indicative in the εἰ-clause; analyzed as the clause predicate. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Μακεδόσι | case | high | |
| 12 | Μακεδόσι | Μακεδών | PROPN | N---DM-P- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἔσται | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐπί, expressing control or possession. |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L----NN-S- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 Ἑλληνικόν | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἑλληνικόν | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A----NN-S- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἔσται | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the Greek world/Greek cause’; subject of ἔσται. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high |
ἀλλʼ αὐτοί τε πολεμεῖν ὥρμηντο καὶ ἄλλους ἐς τὸ ἔργον ἤγειρον.
The sentence has two coordinated finite predicates: ὥρμηντο governs the complementary infinitive πολεμεῖν, while ἤγειρον takes ἄλλους as object and ἐς τὸ ἔργον as a goal/purpose phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀλλʼ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | c | _ | 5 ὥρμηντο | cc | high | |
| 2 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | PPro-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 5 ὥρμηντο | nsubj | high | Emphatic personal pronoun. |
| 3 | τε | τε | PART | ptcl | _ | 2 αὐτοί | discourse | high | Correlative τε with καί. |
| 4 | πολεμεῖν | πολεμέω | VERB | V-PAI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ὥρμηντο | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to ὁρμάω. |
| 5 | ὥρμηντο | ὁρμάω | VERB | V-IAM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle voice: they set themselves in motion/undertook. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c | _ | 11 ἤγειρον | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite predicate. |
| 7 | ἄλλους | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-AMP | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἤγειρον | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of ἤγειρον. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 10 ἔργον | case | high | |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἔργον | det | high | |
| 10 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἤγειρον | obl | high | Prepositional goal/purpose phrase. |
| 11 | ἤγειρον | ἐγείρω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 5 ὥρμηντο | conj | high | Coordinated with ὥρμηντο. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ὥρμηντο | punct | high |