Grammar parses for passage 1.25.7
Open translation for this passage
Κάσσανδρος δὲ---δεινὸν γάρ τι ὑπῆν οἱ μῖσος ἐς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους---, ὁ δὲ αὖθις Λαχάρην προεστηκότα ἐς ἐκεῖνο τοῦ δήμου, τοῦτον τὸν ἄνδρα οἰκειωσάμενος τυραννίδα ἔπεισε βουλεῦσαι, τυράννων ὧν ἴσμεν τά τε ἐς ἀνθρώπους μάλιστα ἀνήμερον καὶ ἐς τὸ θεῖον ἀφειδέστατον.
Main structure: Κάσσανδρος/ὁ ... ἔπεισε Λαχάρην ... βουλεῦσαι, with οἰκειωσάμενος as a circumstantial participle. The final participial/commenting sequence is syntactically compressed and has number/agreement irregularities; analyses of τυράννων and the coordinated predicate phrase are therefore partly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κάσσανδρος | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 ἔπεισε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 34 ἔπεισε | cc | high | |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | - | _ | 34 ἔπεισε | punct | high | |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | - | _ | 34 ἔπεισε | punct | high | |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | - | _ | 34 ἔπεισε | punct | high | |
| 6 | δεινὸν | δεινός | ADJ | a-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 μῖσος | amod | medium | Predicative/intensifying modifier of μῖσος. |
| 7 | γάρ | γάρ | SCONJ | g-------- | _ | 9 ὑπῆν | mark | high | |
| 8 | τι | τις | PRON | p-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 δεινὸν | advmod | medium | Indefinite/intensifying pronoun. |
| 9 | ὑπῆν | ὑπάρχω | VERB | v2siia--- | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 34 ἔπεισε | parataxis | high | Parenthetical explanatory clause. |
| 10 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | p-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ὑπῆν | iobj | high | Dative with ὑπῆν. |
| 11 | μῖσος | μῖσος | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ὑπῆν | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 14 Ἀθηναίους | case | high | |
| 13 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 Ἀθηναίους | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἀθηναίους | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | a-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 μῖσος | nmod | high | |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | - | _ | 9 ὑπῆν | punct | high | |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | - | _ | 9 ὑπῆν | punct | high | |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | - | _ | 9 ὑπῆν | punct | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | - | _ | 34 ἔπεισε | punct | high | |
| 19 | ὁ | ὁ | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 ἔπεισε | nsubj | medium | Resumptive subject, ‘he’. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 34 ἔπεισε | cc | high | |
| 21 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | d-------- | _ | 34 ἔπεισε | advmod | high | |
| 22 | Λαχάρην | Λαχάρης | PROPN | ne-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 οἰκειωσάμενος | obj | high | |
| 23 | προεστηκότα | προΐστημι | VERB | v--rapma- | Aspect=Perfective|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 Λαχάρην | acl | high | Participial modifier of Λαχάρην. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 25 ἐκεῖνο | case | high | |
| 25 | ἐκεῖνο | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | p-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 προεστηκότα | obl | medium | Accusative goal/extent with προΐστημι. |
| 26 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 δήμου | det | high | |
| 27 | δήμου | δῆμος | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἐκεῖνο | nmod | high | |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | - | _ | 34 ἔπεισε | punct | high | |
| 29 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | p-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἄνδρα | det | high | Demonstrative determiner. |
| 30 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἄνδρα | det | high | |
| 31 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 οἰκειωσάμενος | obj | high | |
| 32 | οἰκειωσάμενος | οἰκειόω | VERB | v-sapmm--- | Aspect=Perfective|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 34 ἔπεισε | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle, antecedent action. |
| 33 | τυραννίδα | τυραννίς | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 βουλεῦσαι | obj | medium | Object of βουλεῦσαι: to deliberate/devise tyranny. |
| 34 | ἔπεισε | πείθω | VERB | v3saaia--- | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 35 | βουλεῦσαι | βουλεύω | VERB | v--ana--- | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 34 ἔπεισε | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἔπεισε. |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | - | _ | 34 ἔπεισε | punct | high | |
| 37 | τυράννων | τυραννάω | VERB | v-sppmn--- | Aspect=Imperfective|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 39 ἴσμεν | advcl | medium | Predicative participle: ‘being a tyrant’; subject is inferred from the preceding subject. |
| 38 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | p-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 40 τά | nmod | medium | Relative pronoun, genitive partitive/elliptical relation. |
| 39 | ἴσμεν | οἶδα | VERB | v1ppia--- | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 37 τυράννων | ccomp | medium | Parenthetical ‘as we know’; perfect form with present meaning. |
| 40 | τά | ὁ | PRON | p-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 45 ἀνήμερον | obj | medium | Substantivized article/pronoun, coordinated with ἀφειδέστατον. |
| 41 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 40 τά | cc | high | |
| 42 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 43 ἀνθρώπους | case | high | |
| 43 | ἀνθρώπους | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 τά | nmod | high | |
| 44 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | d-------- | _ | 45 ἀνήμερον | advmod | high | |
| 45 | ἀνήμερον | ἀνήμερος | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 τυράννων | xcomp | low | Text has singular neuter form despite coordinated τά; exact construction is uncertain. |
| 46 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 50 ἀφειδέστατον | cc | high | |
| 47 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 49 θεῖον | case | high | |
| 48 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 49 θεῖον | det | high | |
| 49 | θεῖον | θεῖος | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 50 ἀφειδέστατον | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the divine’. |
| 50 | ἀφειδέστατον | ἀφειδής | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 τυράννων | xcomp | medium | Coordinated predicate/complement with ἀνήμερον; morphology is singular neuter. |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | - | _ | 34 ἔπεισε | punct | high |
Δημητρίῳ δὲ τῷ Ἀντιγόνου διαφορὰ μὲν ἦν ἐς τὸν δῆμον ἤδη τῶν Ἀθηναίων, καθεῖλε δὲ ὅμως καὶ τὴν Λαχάρους τυραννίδα·
The first clause has an existential/possessive construction (‘there was a difference for Demetrius’), while καθεῖλε is coordinated and shares the understood subject Δημήτριος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δημητρίῳ | Δημήτριος | PROPN | Neut-Sg-Dat | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | iobj | high | Dative of reference/possessor with ἦν διαφορά. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 7 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Art-Sg-Dat-Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀντιγόνου | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀντιγόνου | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | Propn-Sg-Gen-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Δημητρίῳ | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitival modifier of Δημητρίῳ. |
| 5 | διαφορὰ | διαφορά | NOUN | Noun-Sg-Nom-Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Particle | _ | 5 διαφορὰ | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with later δέ. |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-Impf-Ind-Act-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated clause. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 10 δῆμον | case | high | |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Art-Sg-Acc-Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 δῆμον | det | high | |
| 10 | δῆμον | δῆμος | NOUN | Noun-Sg-Acc-Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 διαφορὰ | nmod | medium | Object of ἐς, expressing the party/group toward which the difference was directed. |
| 11 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | Adv | _ | 7 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art-Pl-Gen-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 Ἀθηναίων | det | high | |
| 13 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | Propn-Pl-Gen-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 δῆμον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δῆμον. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 15 | καθεῖλε | καθαιρέω | VERB | V-Aor-Ind-Act-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 ἦν | conj | high | Second coordinated clause; subject is understood as Δημήτριος. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 15 καθεῖλε | cc | high | |
| 17 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | Adv | _ | 15 καθεῖλε | advmod | high | Concessive adverb, ‘nevertheless’. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 15 καθεῖλε | cc | high | Coordinates the object phrase with the understood preceding object/context. |
| 19 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-Sg-Acc-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 τυραννίδα | det | high | |
| 20 | Λαχάρους | Λάχαρης | PROPN | Propn-Sg-Gen-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 τυραννίδα | nmod | high | Possessive genitive, ‘Lachares’ tyranny. |
| 21 | τυραννίδα | τυραννίς | NOUN | Noun-Sg-Acc-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 καθεῖλε | obj | high | |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 καθεῖλε | punct | high |
ἁλισκομένου δὲ τοῦ τείχους ἐκδιδράσκει Λαχάρης ἐς Βοιωτούς, ἅτε δὲ ἀσπίδας ἐξ ἀκροπόλεως καθελὼν χρυσᾶς καὶ αὐτὸ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς τὸ ἄγαλμα τὸν περιαιρετὸν ἀποδύσας κόσμον ὑπωπτεύετο εὐπορεῖν μεγάλως χρημάτων.
The sentence has a genitive absolute at the opening; ἅτε introduces explanatory participles coordinated under the second finite verb ὑπωπτεύετο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἁλισκομένου | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V-PPP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 4 τείχους | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle with τοῦ τείχους. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐκδιδράσκει | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 τείχους | det | high | |
| 4 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἁλισκομένου | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 5 | ἐκδιδράσκει | ἐκδιδράσκω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | Λαχάρης | Λαχάρης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐκδιδράσκει | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Βοιωτούς | case | high | |
| 8 | Βοιωτούς | Βοιωτός | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐκδιδράσκει | obl | high | Destination with ἐς. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐκδιδράσκει | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 καθελὼν | mark | medium | Introduces a causal/explanatory participial construction. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ὑπωπτεύετο | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἀσπίδας | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 καθελὼν | obj | high | Object of καθελών. |
| 13 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 ἀκροπόλεως | case | high | |
| 14 | ἀκροπόλεως | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 καθελὼν | obl | high | Source complement of καθελών. |
| 15 | καθελὼν | καθαιρέω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 27 ὑπωπτεύετο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject Λαχάρης understood. |
| 16 | χρυσᾶς | χρύσεος | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ἀσπίδας | amod | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | |
| 18 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἄγαλμα | det | medium | Intensifying pronoun with τὸ ἄγαλμα: ‘the statue itself’. |
| 19 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Ἀθηνᾶς | det | high | |
| 20 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | |
| 21 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἄγαλμα | det | high | |
| 22 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 καθελὼν | obj | high | Second object of καθελών. |
| 23 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 περιαιρετὸν | det | high | |
| 24 | περιαιρετὸν | περιαιρετός | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 κόσμον | amod | high | Agrees with κόσμον. |
| 25 | ἀποδύσας | ἀποδύω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 27 ὑπωπτεύετο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject Λαχάρης understood. |
| 26 | κόσμον | κόσμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἀποδύσας | obj | high | Object of ἀποδύσας. |
| 27 | ὑπωπτεύετο | ὑποπτεύω | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 5 ἐκδιδράσκει | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb, with δέ. |
| 28 | εὐπορεῖν | εὐπορέω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 27 ὑπωπτεύετο | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ὑπωπτεύετο. |
| 29 | μεγάλως | μεγάλως | ADV | ADV | _ | 28 εὐπορεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 30 | χρημάτων | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 εὐπορεῖν | obl | high | Genitive of respect/source with εὐπορεῖν. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐκδιδράσκει | punct | high |