Grammar parses for passage 1.26.2
Open translation for this passage
Ἀθῆναι μὲν οὕτως ἀπὸ Μακεδόνων ἠλευθερώθησαν,
The passive verb ἠλευθερώθησαν takes Ἀθῆναι as its nominative subject; ἀπό with the genitive marks the source/agent. μὲν anticipates a likely contrast, while οὕτως is an adverbial manner modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθῆναι | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | Ne-Np | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἠλευθερώθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 6 ἠλευθερώθησαν | cc | high | Postpositive contrastive particle. |
| 3 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | D--------- | _ | 6 ἠλευθερώθησαν | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R--------- | _ | 5 Μακεδόνων | case | high | |
| 5 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | Ne-gp | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἠλευθερώθησαν | obl:agent | high | With ἀπό, denotes those from whom Athens was liberated; source/agent interpretation. |
| 6 | ἠλευθερώθησαν | ἐλευθερόω | VERB | V3PAI3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἠλευθερώθησαν | punct | high |
Ἀθηναίων δὲ πάντων ἀγωνισαμένων ἀξίως λόγου Λεώκριτος μάλιστα ὁ Πρωτάρχου λέγεται τόλμῃ χρήσασθαι πρὸς τὸ ἔργον·
The initial genitive absolute (Ἀθηναίων πάντων ἀγωνισαμένων ἀξίως λόγου) sets the context; λέγεται governs the infinitive χρήσασθαι, with Λεώκριτος as its understood subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἀγωνισαμένων | nsubj | high | Genitive plural referring to the Athenians, subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 Λεώκριτος | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πάντων | πᾶς | ADJ | A--GM-P- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Ἀθηναίων | amod | high | Attributive genitive agreeing with Ἀθηναίων. |
| 4 | ἀγωνισαμένων | ἀγωνίζομαι | VERB | V-AMP-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 λέγεται | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 5 | ἀξίως | ἀξίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ἀγωνισαμένων | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀγωνισαμένων. |
| 6 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀξίως | obl | medium | Partitive/complementary genitive with ἀξίως (‘worth mention’). |
| 7 | Λεώκριτος | Λεώκριτος | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 λέγεται | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of λέγεται. |
| 8 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 χρήσασθαι | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying χρήσασθαι. |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Πρωτάρχου | det | high | Article with the patronymic name. |
| 10 | Πρωτάρχου | Πρωτάρχος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Λεώκριτος | appos | medium | Patronymic genitive expression, literally ‘son of Protarchus’; article plus genitive identifies Λεώκριτος. |
| 11 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PPM-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/passive reporting verb governing the infinitival complement. |
| 12 | τόλμῃ | τόλμη | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 χρήσασθαι | obl | high | Dative with χράομαι, denoting the instrument or manner used. |
| 13 | χρήσασθαι | χράομαι | VERB | V-AMD---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 11 λέγεται | xcomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive governed by λέγεται. |
| 14 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 ἔργον | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L--ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἔργον | det | high | Article modifying ἔργον. |
| 16 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N--ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 χρήσασθαι | obl | high | Accusative object of πρὸς in the phrase πρὸς τὸ ἔργον. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 λέγεται | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
πρῶτος μὲν γὰρ ἐπὶ τὸ τεῖχος ἀνέβη, πρῶτος δὲ ἐς τὸ Μουσεῖον ἐσήλατο,
Two coordinated clauses share an understood masculine singular subject; πρῶτος is predicative, and the second ἐσήλατο is an aorist middle verb meaning 'entered/charged into.'
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνέβη | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with the understood subject of ἀνέβη. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-DS | _ | 7 ἀνέβη | discourse | high | Correlative particle, answered by δέ. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | G-DS | _ | 7 ἀνέβη | mark | high | Explanatory particle introducing the coordinated assertion. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 6 τεῖχος | case | high | Preposition governing accusative τὸ τεῖχος. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 τεῖχος | det | high | |
| 6 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνέβη | obl | high | Accusative object of motion with ἐπί. |
| 7 | ἀνέβη | ἀναβαίνω | VERB | V-3AAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated finite verb; subject is understood from context. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀνέβη | punct | high | |
| 9 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐσήλατο | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with the understood subject of ἐσήλατο. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-DS | _ | 14 ἐσήλατο | cc | high | Correlative coordinator contrasting with μέν. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 13 Μουσεῖον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative τὸ Μουσεῖον. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 Μουσεῖον | det | high | |
| 13 | Μουσεῖον | Μουσεῖον | PROPN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐσήλατο | obl | high | Proper name for the Museum, governed by ἐς. |
| 14 | ἐσήλατο | εἰσάλλομαι | VERB | V-3AMI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 7 ἀνέβη | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb; middle voice is lexical/deponent-like. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐσήλατο | punct | high |
καί οἱ πεσόντι ἐν τῇ μάχῃ τιμαὶ παρʼ Ἀθηναίων καὶ ἄλλαι γεγόνασι καὶ τὴν ἀσπίδα ἀνέθεσαν τῷ Διὶ τῷ Ἐλευθερίῳ, τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Λεωκρίτου καὶ τὸ κατόρθωμα ἐπιγράψαντες.
The sentence coordinates two predicates: τιμαὶ ... γεγόνασι and (οἱ ... ) ἀνέθεσαν; πεσόντι is a dative participle agreeing with οἱ, and ἐπιγράψαντες is a nominative plural participle referring to the implicit subject of ἀνέθεσαν. The second καί (token 13) coordinates the predicates, while the first (token 1) is connective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | τε καί | _ | 12 γεγόνασι | cc | high | |
| 2 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | r-article | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 πεσόντι | nsubj | medium | Articular pronoun, substantivized and understood as the Athenians. |
| 3 | πεσόντι | πίπτω | VERB | v2aor-act-pcp-dat-sg-m | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 γεγόνασι | iobj | high | Dative of reference/beneficiary with τιμαί. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | s-prep | _ | 6 μάχῃ | case | high | |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 6 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | n1-df-s | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 πεσόντι | obl | high | Locative circumstance with πεσόντι. |
| 7 | τιμαὶ | τιμή | NOUN | n1-nf-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 γεγόνασι | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | s-prep | _ | 9 Ἀθηναίων | case | high | |
| 9 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | a3p---gm- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 τιμαὶ | nmod | high | Ethnic name used substantivally: ‘from the Athenians’. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c--------- | _ | 11 ἄλλαι | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἄλλαι | ἄλλος | ADJ | a-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 τιμαὶ | conj | high | Coordinates with τιμαί; τιμαί is understood. |
| 12 | γεγόνασι | γίγνομαι | VERB | v3pfia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active form of γίγνομαι, ‘have come to be/been accorded’. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c--------- | _ | 16 ἀνέθεσαν | cc | high | Coordinates ἀνέθεσαν with γεγόνασι. |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀσπίδα | det | high | |
| 15 | ἀσπίδα | ἀσπίς | NOUN | n3 fa-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀνέθεσαν | obj | high | |
| 16 | ἀνέθεσαν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | v3aaia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 γεγόνασι | conj | high | Subject is the same understood plural group as in γεγόνασι. |
| 17 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Διὶ | det | high | |
| 18 | Διὶ | Ζεύς | PROPN | n3-dm-s | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀνέθεσαν | obl | high | Dative recipient/dedication. |
| 19 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Ἐλευθερίῳ | det | high | |
| 20 | Ἐλευθερίῳ | Ἐλευθέριος | PROPN | a-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Διὶ | appos | high | Cult epithet in apposition to Διί. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐπιγράψαντες | punct | high | |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 23 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | n3--na-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπιγράψαντες | obj | high | First coordinated object of ἐπιγράψαντες. |
| 24 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 Λεωκρίτου | det | high | |
| 25 | Λεωκρίτου | Λεώκριτος | PROPN | n2-gm-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ὄνομα | nmod | high | |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c--------- | _ | 28 κατόρθωμα | cc | high | |
| 27 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 κατόρθωμα | det | high | |
| 28 | κατόρθωμα | κατόρθωμα | NOUN | n3--na-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ὄνομα | conj | high | Second coordinated object of ἐπιγράψαντες. |
| 29 | ἐπιγράψαντες | ἐπιγράφω | VERB | v1aor-act-pcp-nom-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἀνέθεσαν | advcl | high | Nominative plural circumstantial participle, sharing the subject of ἀνέθεσαν. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 γεγόνασι | punct | high |