Grammar parses for passage 1.26.3
Open translation for this passage
Ὀλυμπιοδώρῳ δὲ τόδε μέν ἐστιν ἔργον μέγιστον χωρὶς τούτων ὧν ἔπραξε Πειραιᾶ καὶ Μουνυχίαν ἀνασωσάμενος· ποιουμένων δὲ Μακεδόνων καταδρομὴν ἐς Ἐλευσῖνα Ἐλευσινίους συντάξας ἐνίκα τοὺς Μακεδόνας.
Main clause has dative possessor/beneficiary Ὀλυμπιοδώρῳ with copular ἐστίν and predicate ἔργον μέγιστον; the participial clauses modify the implied subject: ἀνασωσάμενος agrees with Olympiodorus, while ποιουμένων Μακεδόνων is genitive absolute and συντάξας agrees with the same subject. The relative ὧν ἔπραξε governs the coordinated objects Πειραιᾶ and Μουνυχίαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὀλυμπιοδώρῳ | Ὀλυμπιόδωρος | PROPN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | iobj | high | Dative with εἰμί, expressing the person for whom the work is greatest. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τόδε | ὅδε | PRON | Pd---NSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Demonstrative nominal subject, ‘this’. |
| 4 | μέν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 5 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Correlative particle; contrast is only implicit here. |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular main predicate. |
| 6 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N--NSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | attr | high | Predicate nominative. |
| 7 | μέγιστον | μέγας | ADJ | A--NSNS-- | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἔργον | amod | high | Superlative modifier of ἔργον. |
| 8 | χωρὶς | χωρίς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 τούτων | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 9 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | Pd---GPN-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἔργον | obl | high | Genitive complement of χωρίς. |
| 10 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | Pr---GPN-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἔπραξε | obj | high | Relative genitive, partitive/antecedent reference to τούτων. |
| 11 | ἔπραξε | πράσσω | VERB | V3SIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 τούτων | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate; subject is implicit Olympiodorus. |
| 12 | Πειραιᾶ | Πειραιεύς | PROPN | N--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀνασωσάμενος | obj | high | Object of ἀνασωσάμενος; first coordinated place/name. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 Μουνυχίαν | cc | high | Coordinates the two objects. |
| 14 | Μουνυχίαν | Μουνυχία | PROPN | N--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Πειραιᾶ | conj | high | Second coordinated object of ἀνασωσάμενος. |
| 15 | ἀνασωσάμενος | ἀνασῴζω | VERB | V--AMPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 6 ἔργον | acl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with implied Olympiodorus. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-internal punctuation. |
| 17 | ποιουμένων | ποιέω | VERB | V--PMPGPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 25 ἐνίκα | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute participle; form is middle/passive and construction is adverbial. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ποιουμένων | cc | high | Connective particle within the genitive-absolute clause. |
| 19 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | N--GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ποιουμένων | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject. |
| 20 | καταδρομὴν | καταδρομή | NOUN | N--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ποιουμένων | obj | high | Object of ποιουμένων, ‘making a raid/incursion’. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 Ἐλευσῖνα | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 22 | Ἐλευσῖνα | Ἐλευσίς | PROPN | N--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 καταδρομὴν | nmod | high | Goal/location complement of καταδρομήν. |
| 23 | Ἐλευσινίους | Ἐλευσίνιος | PROPN | N--APM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 συντάξας | obj | high | Object of συντάξας, the Eleusinians. |
| 24 | συντάξας | συντάσσω | VERB | V--AAPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 ἐνίκα | advcl | high | Aorist active participle agreeing with implied Olympiodorus. |
| 25 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | V3SIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 5 ἐστιν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate after the punctuation. |
| 26 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L--APM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 Μακεδόνας | det | high | Article modifying Μακεδόνας. |
| 27 | Μακεδόνας | Μακεδών | PROPN | N--APM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐνίκα | obj | high | Object of ἐνίκα. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 25 ἐνίκα | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
πρότερον δὲ ἔτι τούτων ἐσβαλόντος ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν Κασσάνδρου πλεύσας Ὀλυμπιόδωρος ἐς Αἰτωλίαν βοηθεῖν Αἰτωλοὺς ἔπεισε, καὶ τὸ συμμαχικὸν τοῦτο ἐγένετο Ἀθηναίοις αἴτιον μάλιστα διαφυγεῖν τὸν Κασσάνδρου πόλεμον.
The sentence has a genitive absolute (τούτων ἔτι ἐσβαλόντος Κασσάνδρου), a circumstantial participle (πλεύσας), and a coordinated clause in which τὸ συμμαχικὸν τοῦτο is the subject and αἴτιον predicates an epexegetical infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | Adv | Degree=Cmp | 16 ἔπεισε | advmod | high | Comparative adverb, temporal: earlier. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 16 ἔπεισε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | Adv | _ | 5 ἐσβαλόντος | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the genitive absolute. |
| 4 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | Demonstrative Pronoun | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐσβαλόντος | obl | medium | Genitive demonstrative, likely referring to events previously mentioned; subject of genitive absolute. |
| 5 | ἐσβαλόντος | ἐσβάλλω | VERB | AorActPart GenSingMasc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 πλεύσας | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Κασσάνδρου as participial subject. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 8 Ἀττικὴν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art AccSingFem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀττικὴν | det | high | Article. |
| 8 | Ἀττικὴν | Ἀττική | PROPN | Propn AccSingFem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐσβαλόντος | obl | high | Goal/location governed by ἐς. |
| 9 | Κασσάνδρου | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | Propn GenSingMasc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐσβαλόντος | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐσβαλόντος in the genitive absolute. |
| 10 | πλεύσας | πλέω | VERB | AorActPart NomSingMasc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 ἔπεισε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Ὀλυμπιόδωρος. |
| 11 | Ὀλυμπιόδωρος | Ὀλυμπιόδωρος | PROPN | Propn NomSingMasc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἔπεισε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔπεισε. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 13 Αἰτωλίαν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 13 | Αἰτωλίαν | Αἰτωλία | PROPN | Propn AccSingFem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 πλεύσας | obl | high | Destination of πλεύσας. |
| 14 | βοηθεῖν | βοηθέω | VERB | PresActInf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 ἔπεισε | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἔπεισε, with Αἰτωλούς as its understood/object-control subject. |
| 15 | Αἰτωλοὺς | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | Propn AccPlurMasc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 βοηθεῖν | obj | high | Accusative object-control argument of ἔπεισε and understood subject of βοηθεῖν. |
| 16 | ἔπεισε | πείθω | VERB | AorActInd3Sing | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite predicate. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 16 ἔπεισε | punct | high | Comma. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 22 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art AccSingNeut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 συμμαχικὸν | det | high | Article substantivizing συμμαχικόν. |
| 20 | συμμαχικὸν | συμμαχικός | ADJ | Adj AccSingNeut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 21 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Demonstrative Pronoun AccSingNeut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 συμμαχικὸν | det | medium | Postposed demonstrative agreeing with τὸ συμμαχικόν; treated as determiner-like modifier. |
| 22 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | AorMidInd3Sing | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 16 ἔπεισε | conj | high | Coordinated finite predicate. |
| 23 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | Propn DatPlurMasc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 αἴτιον | obl | high | Dative of reference/for whom it was cause. |
| 24 | αἴτιον | αἴτιος | ADJ | Adj AccSingNeut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐγένετο | xcomp | high | Predicate complement of ἐγένετο. |
| 25 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | Adv Superl | Degree=Sup | 24 αἴτιον | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying αἴτιον. |
| 26 | διαφυγεῖν | διαφεύγω | VERB | AorActInf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 24 αἴτιον | xcomp | high | Epexegetical infinitive specifying the cause/result. |
| 27 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Art AccSingMasc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 πόλεμον | det | high | Article. |
| 28 | Κασσάνδρου | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | Propn GenSingMasc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 πόλεμον | nmod | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 29 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | Noun AccSingMasc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 διαφυγεῖν | obj | high | Object of διαφυγεῖν. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 16 ἔπεισε | punct | high | Full stop. |
Ὀλυμπιοδώρῳ δὲ τοῦτο μὲν ἐν Ἀθήναις εἰσὶν ἔν τε ἀκροπόλει καὶ ἐν πρυτανείῳ τιμαί, τοῦτο δὲ ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι γραφή.
Two coordinated clauses: τιμαί εἰσιν is the first predicate, with Ὀλυμπιοδώρῳ as the dative recipient/beneficiary; γραφή is a verbless second predicate, with εἰσίν understood. The first ἐν phrase modifies εἰσίν, and the coordinated ἐν phrases locate the τιμαί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὀλυμπιοδώρῳ | Ὀλυμπιόδωρος | PROPN | Ne.Dat.Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 εἰσὶν | iobj | high | Dative of reference/beneficiary; name form is dative singular. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | 粒 | _ | 7 εἰσὶν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd.Acc.Sg.N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 τιμαί | obj | medium | Correlative τοῦτο μέν, referring to the first set of honors or circumstance. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | 粒 | _ | 3 τοῦτο | discourse | high | Correlative particle paired with later δέ. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 6 Ἀθήναις | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀθήναις. |
| 6 | Ἀθήναις | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | Ne.Dat.Pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 εἰσὶν | obl | high | Locative dative governed by ἐν. |
| 7 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite copular/existential predicate; τιμαί is postposed subject. |
| 8 | ἔν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 10 ἀκροπόλει | case | high | Second preposition in the ἔν τε ... καὶ ... coordination. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | 粒 | _ | 8 ἔν | cc | high | Correlative coordinator with καί. |
| 10 | ἀκροπόλει | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | Nb.Dat.Sg.F | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 τιμαί | obl | high | Locative dative governed by ἔν. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 10 ἀκροπόλει | cc | high | Coordinates the two additional location phrases. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 13 πρυτανείῳ | case | high | Preposition governing πρυτανείῳ. |
| 13 | πρυτανείῳ | πρυτανεῖον | NOUN | Nb.Dat.Sg.N | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἀκροπόλει | conj | high | Second coordinated location, parallel to ἀκροπόλει. |
| 14 | τιμαί | τιμή | NOUN | Nb.Nom.Pl.F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσίν; the paired τοῦτο μέν phrase is semantically distributive. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἰσὶν | punct | high | |
| 16 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd.Acc.Sg.N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 γραφή | obl | medium | Correlative τοῦτο δέ; exact syntactic attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | 粒 | _ | 20 γραφή | cc | high | Introduces the second member of the μέν ... δέ contrast. |
| 18 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 19 Ἐλευσῖνι | case | high | Preposition governing Ἐλευσῖνι. |
| 19 | Ἐλευσῖνι | Ἐλευσίς | PROPN | Ne.Dat.Sg.F | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 γραφή | obl | high | Locative dative governed by ἐν. |
| 20 | γραφή | γραφή | NOUN | Nb.Nom.Sg.F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 εἰσὶν | conj | medium | Nominal second predicate, coordinated with the first clause; εἰσίν is understood. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἰσὶν | punct | high |
καὶ Φωκέων οἱ Ἐλάτειαν ἔχοντες χαλκοῦν Ὀλυμπιόδωρον ἐν Δελφοῖς ἀνέθεσαν, ὅτι καὶ τούτοις ἤμυνεν ἀποστᾶσι Κασσάνδρου.
The participle ἔχοντες substantivizes οἱ and identifies the Phocians possessing Elateia; χαλκοῦν modifies the accusative statue/object Ὀλυμπιόδωρον. ὅτι introduces the causal clause, with ἀποστᾶσι agreeing with τούτοις and meaning those who had revolted from Cassander.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | cc | high | |
| 2 | Φωκέων | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἔχοντες | nsubj | high | Genitive partitive/associative with the substantivized participial group. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἔχοντες | det | high | Article substantivizing ἔχοντες. |
| 4 | Ἐλάτειαν | Ἐλάτεια | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἔχοντες | obj | high | |
| 5 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized present active participle. |
| 6 | χαλκοῦν | χάλκεος | ADJ | A--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ὀλυμπιόδωρον | amod | high | Predicative/material adjective: bronze. |
| 7 | Ὀλυμπιόδωρον | Ὀλυμπιόδωρος | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | obj | high | Accusative name of the dedicated statue/person. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 9 Δελφοῖς | case | high | |
| 9 | Δελφοῖς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | obl | high | Locative dative governed by ἐν. |
| 10 | ἀνέθεσαν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 15 ἤμυνεν | mark | high | Causal subordinator. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 15 ἤμυνεν | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also’. |
| 14 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | P-DPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἤμυνεν | iobj | high | Dative of assistance/beneficiary. |
| 15 | ἤμυνεν | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | advcl | high | Subject is Olympiodorus; ὅτι-clause gives the reason. |
| 16 | ἀποστᾶσι | ἀφίστημι | VERB | V-2AAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 14 τούτοις | acl | medium | Substantivized/near-adjectival participle agreeing with τούτοις: those who revolted. |
| 17 | Κασσάνδρου | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀποστᾶσι | obl | high | Genitive of separation with ἀφίστημι. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | punct | high |