Grammar parses for passage 1.26.3
Open translation for this passage
πρότερον δὲ ἔτι τούτων ἐσβαλόντος ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν Κασσάνδρου πλεύσας Ὀλυμπιόδωρος ἐς Αἰτωλίαν βοηθεῖν Αἰτωλοὺς ἔπεισε, καὶ τὸ συμμαχικὸν τοῦτο ἐγένετο Ἀθηναίοις αἴτιον μάλιστα διαφυγεῖν τὸν Κασσάνδρου πόλεμον.
The syntax is dominated by two participial frames: a genitive absolute (ἐσβαλόντος ... Κασσάνδρου) and an attendant-circumstance participle (πλεύσας), with a coordinated result-like clause introduced by καί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | B-------- | _ | 16 ἔπεισε | advmod | high | Modifies ἔπεισε as temporal-adverbial 'earlier'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 16 ἔπεισε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | B-------- | _ | 16 ἔπεισε | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 4 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 5 ἐσβαλόντος | det | high | Dependent of the participle ἐσβαλόντος. |
| 5 | ἐσβαλόντος | ἐσβάλλω | VERB | AAPSGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἔπεισε | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Κασσάνδρου. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Ἀττικὴν | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀττικὴν. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Ἀττικὴν | det | high | Article with Ἀττικὴν. |
| 8 | Ἀττικὴν | Ἀττική | PROPN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐσβαλόντος | obl | high | Object of ἐς in the genitive-absolute clause. |
| 9 | Κασσάνδρου | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐσβαλόντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute participle. |
| 10 | πλεύσας | πλέω | VERB | AAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἔπεισε | advcl | high | Attendant circumstance participle modifying ἔπεισε. |
| 11 | Ὀλυμπιόδωρος | Ὀλυμπιόδωρος | PROPN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἔπεισε | nsubj | high | Main-clause subject of ἔπεισε. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Αἰτωλίαν | case | high | Preposition governing Αἰτωλίαν. |
| 13 | Αἰτωλίαν | Αἰτωλία | PROPN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 βοηθεῖν | obl | high | Goal phrase of βοηθεῖν. |
| 14 | βοηθεῖν | βοηθέω | VERB | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 ἔπεισε | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἔπεισε. |
| 15 | Αἰτωλοὺς | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | N-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 βοηθεῖν | obj | medium | Likely object of βοηθεῖν, though semantics are somewhat compressed. |
| 16 | ἔπεισε | πείθω | VERB | V3SAIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Matrix verb. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἔπεισε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 συμμαχικὸν | det | high | Article with συμμαχικὸν. |
| 20 | συμμαχικὸν | συμμαχικός | ADJ | A-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐγένετο | nsubj | medium | Neuter adjective functioning substantivally as subject. |
| 21 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 20 συμμαχικὸν | appos | high | Demonstrative modifying/substantivizing the phrase. |
| 22 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3SAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 16 ἔπεισε | conj | high | Coordinated with ἔπεισε. |
| 23 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 αἴτιον | nsubj | medium | Dative of advantage/possessor with ἐγένετο; analysis somewhat loose. |
| 24 | αἴτιον | αἴτιος | ADJ | A-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐγένετο | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with ἐγένετο; neuter form is common in predication. |
| 25 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | B-------- | _ | 26 διαφυγεῖν | advmod | high | Modifies διαφυγεῖν. |
| 26 | διαφυγεῖν | διαφεύγω | VERB | V--PAN--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 24 αἴτιον | xcomp | high | Complement of αἴτιον. |
| 27 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 πόλεμον | det | high | Article with πόλεμον. |
| 28 | Κασσάνδρου | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 πόλεμον | nmod | high | Attributive genitive modifying πόλεμον. |
| 29 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 διαφυγεῖν | obj | high | Object of διαφυγεῖν. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἔπεισε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
καὶ Φωκέων οἱ Ἐλάτειαν ἔχοντες χαλκοῦν Ὀλυμπιόδωρον ἐν Δελφοῖς ἀνέθεσαν, ὅτι καὶ τούτοις ἤμυνεν ἀποστᾶσι Κασσάνδρου.
The second clause is causal with ὅτι; ἀποστᾶσι is best read as a dative participial construction dependent on ἤμυνεν, though the exact attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction joining clauses. |
| 2 | Φωκέων | Φωκεύς | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Ὀλυμπιόδωρον | nmod | high | Partitive/genitive modifier of the participial phrase. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἔχοντες | det | high | Article with the participle functioning substantivally. |
| 4 | Ἐλάτειαν | Ἐλάτεια | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἔχοντες | obj | high | Object of ἔχοντες (‘holding/possessing Elateia’). |
| 5 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the subject of ἀνέθεσαν. |
| 6 | χαλκοῦν | χάλκεος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ὀλυμπιόδωρον | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying Ὀλυμπιόδωρον. |
| 7 | Ὀλυμπιόδωρον | Ὀλυμπιόδωρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀνέθεσαν. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 9 Δελφοῖς | case | high | Preposition governing Δελφοῖς. |
| 9 | Δελφοῖς | Δελφοί | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | obl | high | Locative oblique phrase with ἐν. |
| 10 | ἀνέθεσαν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 12 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 15 ἤμυνεν | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing causal clause. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 τούτοις | cc | high | Focus/additive conjunction. |
| 14 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἤμυνεν | iobj | high | Dative object of ἤμυνεν. |
| 15 | ἤμυνεν | ἀμύνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | advcl | high | Causal subordinate clause introduced by ὅτι. |
| 16 | ἀποστᾶσι | ἀφίστημι | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἤμυνεν | advcl | low | Likely a participle in dative agreement with τούτοις, expressing circumstance/relation; morphology somewhat uncertain. |
| 17 | Κασσάνδρου | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀποστᾶσι | obj | high | Genitive complement of ἀποστᾶσι/ἀφίστημι (‘having revolted from Cassander’). |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀνέθεσαν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |