Grammar parses for passage 1.27.9
Open translation for this passage
Κρησὶ τήν τε ἄλλην γῆν καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ ποταμῷ Τεθρίνι ταῦρος ἐλυμαίνετο.
The dative Κρησὶ is an affected-entity/experiencer complement of ἐλυμαίνετο; τήν τε ... καὶ τήν ... forms a coordinated object, with ἐπὶ ποταμῷ Τεθρίνι modifying γῆν (or the second land phrase).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κρησὶ | Κρής | PROPN | Nb-Dp | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐλυμαίνετο | iobj | high | Dative plural ethnic name, the people affected by the ravaging. |
| 2 | τήν | ὁ | DET | S--FA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 γῆν | det | high | |
| 3 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 καὶ | cc | high | Correlative τε introducing the first conjunct. |
| 4 | ἄλλην | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 γῆν | amod | high | |
| 5 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐλυμαίνετο | obj | high | First conjunct of the coordinated direct object. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 τὴν | cc | high | Coordinates the two accusative land phrases. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S--FA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ποταμῷ | det | high | Determiner for the elided/repeated γῆν in the second conjunct. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 ποταμῷ | case | high | With dative ποταμῷ, meaning by/on the river. |
| 9 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-SDM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Τεθρίνι | nmod | medium | Dative governed by ἐπί; phrase specifies the location of the second γῆν. |
| 10 | Τεθρίνι | Τέθρινος | PROPN | Nb-Sdm | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ποταμῷ | appos | high | River name agreeing with ποταμῷ. |
| 11 | ταῦρος | ταῦρος | NOUN | N-SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐλυμαίνετο | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | ἐλυμαίνετο | λυμαίνομαι | VERB | V-3IIM-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle, ‘was ravaging/abusing’. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐλυμαίνετο | punct | high |
πάλαι δὲ ἄρα τὰ θηρία φοβερώτερα ἦν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ὡς ὅ τʼ ἐν Νεμέᾳ λέων καὶ ὁ Παρνάς ς ιος καὶ δράκοντες τῆς Ἑλλάδος πολλαχοῦ καὶ ὗς περί τε Καλυδῶνα καὶ Ἐρύμανθον καὶ τῆς Κορινθίας ἐν Κρομ μ υῶνι, ὥστε καὶ ἐλέγετο τὰ μὲν ἀνιέναι τὴν γῆν, τὰ δὲ ὡς ἱερὰ εἴη θεῶν, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἐς τιμωρίαν ἀνθρώπων ἀφεῖσθαι.
Tokens 18–20 and 37–39 are visibly corrupted/split forms; they are retained exactly and analyzed conservatively. The sentence has a copular comparison with coordinated nominative subjects, followed by ὥστε and three accusative-and-infinitive reported clauses.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πάλαι | πάλαι | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄρα | ἄρα | PART | PART | _ | 7 ἦν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-|||||||| | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 θηρία | det | high | |
| 5 | θηρία | θηρίον | NOUN | N-|||||||| | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 φοβερώτερα | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | φοβερώτερα | φοβερός | ADJ | A-||||-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with copula. |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-|||||||| | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀνθρώποις | det | high | |
| 9 | ἀνθρώποις | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-|||||||| | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 φοβερώτερα | obl | high | Dative of reference. |
| 10 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 λέων | mark | medium | Introduces the illustrative/comparative enumeration. |
| 11 | ὅ | ὅς | PRON | P-|||||||| | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 λέων | nsubj | low | Likely corrupted or nonagreeing relative/article form in the source segmentation. |
| 12 | τʼ | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 λέων | cc | medium | Enclitic τε, graphically elided. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 Νεμέᾳ | case | high | |
| 14 | Νεμέᾳ | Νεμέα | PROPN | N-|||||||| | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 λέων | obl | high | |
| 15 | λέων | λέων | NOUN | N-|||||||| | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 φοβερώτερα | nsubj | medium | First item in the ὡς enumeration; agreement is anomalous if coordinated directly with plural τὰ θηρία. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 δράκοντες | cc | high | |
| 17 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-|||||||| | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Παρνάς | det | medium | Determiner for a corrupted proper-name sequence. |
| 18 | Παρνάς | Παρνασσός | PROPN | N-|||||||| | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 δράκοντες | conj | low | Likely beginning of corrupted Παρνάσσιος/Παρανάσσιος form. |
| 19 | ς | Παρνασσός | X | _ | _ | 18 Παρνάς | flat | low | Stray split character; no secure independent morphology. |
| 20 | ιος | Παρνασσῖος | ADJ | A-|||||||| | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Παρνάς | flat | low | Split continuation, probably Παρνάσσιος/Παρανάσσιος. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 δράκοντες | cc | high | |
| 22 | δράκοντες | δράκων | NOUN | N-|||||||| | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 φοβερώτερα | nsubj | high | Coordinated animal subject in the ὡς enumeration. |
| 23 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-|||||||| | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 Ἑλλάδος | det | high | |
| 24 | Ἑλλάδος | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-|||||||| | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 δράκοντες | nmod | high | |
| 25 | πολλαχοῦ | πολλαχοῦ | ADV | ADV | _ | 22 δράκοντες | advmod | high | |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ὗς | cc | high | |
| 27 | ὗς | ὗς | NOUN | N-|||||||| | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 φοβερώτερα | nsubj | high | Boar subject; syntactically coordinated despite singular form. |
| 28 | περί | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 30 Καλυδῶνα | case | high | |
| 29 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ὗς | cc | high | |
| 30 | Καλυδῶνα | Καλυδών | PROPN | N-|||||||| | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ὗς | obl | high | |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 Ἐρύμανθον | cc | high | |
| 32 | Ἐρύμανθον | Ἐρύμανθος | PROPN | N-|||||||| | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ὗς | obl | high | |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 Κορινθίας | cc | high | |
| 34 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-|||||||| | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 Κορινθίας | det | high | |
| 35 | Κορινθίας | Κορινθία | PROPN | N-|||||||| | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ὗς | nmod | medium | Likely genitive place-name modifying an elided/localized noun. |
| 36 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 37 Κρομ | case | high | |
| 37 | Κρομ | Κρόμμυον | PROPN | N-|||||||| | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ὗς | obl | low | Split corrupted place name, probably Κρομμυῶνι. |
| 38 | μ | Κρόμμυον | X | _ | _ | 37 Κρομ | flat | low | Stray split character in Κρομμυῶνι. |
| 39 | υῶνι | Κρόμμυον | PROPN | N-|||||||| | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 Κρομ | flat | low | Split continuation of Κρομμυῶνι. |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 41 ὥστε | punct | high | |
| 41 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 43 ἐλέγετο | mark | high | Consecutive/result connective. |
| 42 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 43 ἐλέγετο | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘even/also’. |
| 43 | ἐλέγετο | λέγω | VERB | V-IPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Pass | 7 ἦν | parataxis | high | Impersonal/passive ‘it was said’; governs coordinated accusative-infinitive clauses. |
| 44 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-|||||||| | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 46 ἀνιέναι | det | high | |
| 45 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 46 ἀνιέναι | discourse | high | |
| 46 | ἀνιέναι | ἀνίημι | VERB | V-||||-PAN | Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 43 ἐλέγετο | ccomp | high | Infinitive with accusative subject τὰ; lexical sense/context is difficult. |
| 47 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-|||||||| | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 48 γῆν | det | high | |
| 48 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-|||||||| | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 46 ἀνιέναι | obj | high | |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 43 ἐλέγετο | punct | high | |
| 50 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-|||||||| | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 54 εἴη | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of εἴη; substantival article. |
| 51 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 54 εἴη | cc | high | |
| 52 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 54 εἴη | mark | high | Introduces content/predicative clause. |
| 53 | ἱερὰ | ἱερός | ADJ | A-|||||||| | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 54 εἴη | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective; nominative form is retained in the transmitted text. |
| 54 | εἴη | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 43 ἐλέγετο | ccomp | high | Optative in reported discourse; agreement with neuter plural τὰ is formally anomalous. |
| 55 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-|||||||| | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 53 ἱερὰ | nmod | high | |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 43 ἐλέγετο | punct | high | |
| 57 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-|||||||| | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 63 ἀφεῖσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of ἀφεῖσθαι; substantival article. |
| 58 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 63 ἀφεῖσθαι | cc | high | |
| 59 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 63 ἀφεῖσθαι | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also’. |
| 60 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 61 τιμωρίαν | case | high | |
| 61 | τιμωρίαν | τιμωρία | NOUN | N-|||||||| | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 63 ἀφεῖσθαι | obl | high | |
| 62 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-|||||||| | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 61 τιμωρίαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τιμωρίαν. |
| 63 | ἀφεῖσθαι | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-||||-PMN | Aspect=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 43 ἐλέγετο | ccomp | high | Infinitive in coordinated reported clause. |
| 64 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high |
καὶ τοῦτον οἱ Κρῆτες τὸν ταῦρον ἐς τὴν γῆν πέμψαι σφίσι Ποσειδῶνά φασιν, ὅτι θαλάσσης ἄρχων Μίνως τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς οὐδενὸς Ποσειδῶνα ἦγεν ἄλλου θεοῦ μᾶλλον ἐν τιμῇ.
The infinitive πέμψαι is an accusative-and-infinitive complement of φασίν, with τοῦτον/τὸν ταῦρον as the thing sent and Ποσειδῶνα as its agent; the ὅτι-clause explains the Cretan claim.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 φασιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | Pd--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 10 πέμψαι | obj | high | Accusative subject/object pattern within the infinitival clause; semantically the bull is sent. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S---NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Κρῆτες | det | high | |
| 4 | Κρῆτες | Κρής | PROPN | Nb--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 φασιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ταῦρον | det | high | |
| 6 | ταῦρον | ταῦρος | NOUN | Nb--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 τοῦτον | appos | high | Appositional identification of τοῦτον. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 γῆν | case | high | |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 γῆν | det | high | |
| 9 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | Nb--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 πέμψαι | obl | high | Goal/destination complement of πέμψαι. |
| 10 | πέμψαι | πέμπω | VERB | V--ANA--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 13 φασιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive governed by φασίν. |
| 11 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp----3-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 10 πέμψαι | iobj | medium | Dative of advantage/recipient: sent for/to the Cretans. |
| 12 | Ποσειδῶνά | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | Nb--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 πέμψαι | obj | high | Accusative agent/subject of the active infinitive πέμψαι. |
| 13 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 φασιν | punct | high | |
| 15 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 23 ἦγεν | mark | high | Introduces the explanatory causal clause. |
| 16 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | Nb--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἄρχων | obl | medium | Genitive of domain/relationship with ἄρχων: ruler of the sea. |
| 17 | ἄρχων | ἄρχων | NOUN | Nb--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Μίνως | predicative | high | Predicative participle agreeing with Μίνως. |
| 18 | Μίνως | Μίνως | PROPN | Nb--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἦγεν | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S---GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 Ἑλληνικῆς | det | high | |
| 20 | Ἑλληνικῆς | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 θαλάσσης | amod | high | Substantivally/elliptically modifies θαλάσσης. |
| 21 | οὐδενὸς | οὐδείς | PRON | Px--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 25 θεοῦ | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἄλλου θεοῦ in the phrase 'of no other god'. |
| 22 | Ποσειδῶνα | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | Nb--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἦγεν | obj | high | |
| 23 | ἦγεν | ἄγω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 13 φασιν | advcl | high | Causal/explanatory subordinate clause under φασίν. |
| 24 | ἄλλου | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 θεοῦ | amod | high | |
| 25 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | Nb--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Ποσειδῶνα | nmod | high | Partitive/comparative genitive with μᾶλλον understood: Poseidon more than any other god. |
| 26 | μᾶλλον | μᾶλλον | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Cmp | 23 ἦγεν | advmod | high | |
| 27 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 28 τιμῇ | case | high | |
| 28 | τιμῇ | τιμή | NOUN | Nb--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἦγεν | obl | high | Predicate complement: held Poseidon in greater honor. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 φασιν | punct | high |