Grammar parses for passage 1.28.10
Open translation for this passage
ἐπὶ Δελφινίῳ δὲ κρίσις καθέστηκεν ἐργάσασθαι φόνον σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ φαμένοις, ὁποῖόν τι καὶ Θησεὺς παρεχόμενος ἀπέφυγεν, ὅτε Πάλλαντα ἐπαναστάντα καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἔκτεινε· πρότερον δὲ πρὶν ἢ Θησεὺς ἀφείθη, καθειστήκει πᾶσι φεύγειν κτείναντα ἢ κατὰ ταὐτὰ θνήσκειν μένοντα.
The first clause has κρίσις as subject of καθέστηκεν with a complementary infinitive; φαμένοις is a dative plural participle, likely agreeing substantivally with the persons judged/claiming that the act was just. The relative clause modifies φόνον/ἐργάσασθαι and contains an accusative absolute-like participial construction with Πάλλαντα and τοὺς παῖδας as objects of ἔκτεινε. In the final clause, καθειστήκει governs πᾶσι plus coordinated infinitives; κτείναντα and μένοντα are accusative singular participles, understood with an omitted subject (the killer/defendant).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | AdpType=Prep | 2 Δελφινίῳ | case | high | |
| 2 | Δελφινίῳ | Δελφίνιος | PROPN | N2 | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 κρίσις | obl | medium | Place/name; dative with ἐπί. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | GAP | _ | 4 κρίσις | cc | high | |
| 4 | κρίσις | κρίσις | NOUN | N1 | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 καθέστηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | καθέστηκεν | καθίστημι | VERB | V3RAAI3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect form, functioning as ‘has been established/is prescribed’. |
| 6 | ἐργάσασθαι | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | VAMN | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 5 καθέστηκεν | xcomp | high | |
| 7 | φόνον | φόνος | NOUN | N2 | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐργάσασθαι | obj | high | |
| 8 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R | AdpType=Prep | 10 δικαίῳ | case | high | |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 δικαίῳ | det | high | |
| 10 | δικαίῳ | δίκαιος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 φαμένοις | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the just/right principle’. |
| 11 | φαμένοις | φημί | VERB | VPMPDPM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 6 ἐργάσασθαι | obl | low | Morphology and attachment are difficult; likely dative plural participle with σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ, ‘those asserting the just/right’. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐργάσασθαι | punct | high | |
| 13 | ὁποῖόν | ὁποῖος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἀπέφυγεν | obj | medium | Correlative relative adjective, referring to the kind of act/crime. |
| 14 | τι | τις | PRON | PX-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 13 ὁποῖόν | det | high | Indefinite enclitic modifying ὁποῖον. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 17 παρεχόμενος | cc | high | Adverbial ‘also’. |
| 16 | Θησεὺς | Θησεύς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 παρεχόμενος | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | παρεχόμενος | παρέχω | VERB | VPPMNMS | Aspect=Pres|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 18 ἀπέφυγεν | advcl | medium | Participial manner/circumstance: ‘by presenting/offering it’. |
| 18 | ἀπέφυγεν | ἀποφεύγω | VERB | V2AAI3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 ἐργάσασθαι | acl:relcl | high | |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀπέφυγεν | punct | high | |
| 20 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 26 ἔκτεινε | mark | high | |
| 21 | Πάλλαντα | Πάλλας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἔκτεινε | obj | high | |
| 22 | ἐπαναστάντα | ἐπανίστημι | VERB | VAAPAMS | Aspect=Aor|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 Πάλλαντα | amod | high | Participial modifier of Πάλλαντα, ‘who had risen/rebelled’. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 25 παῖδας | cc | high | |
| 24 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | RA-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 25 παῖδας | det | high | |
| 25 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἔκτεινε | obj | high | |
| 26 | ἔκτεινε | κτείνω | VERB | V3AAI3S | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 18 ἀπέφυγεν | advcl | high | |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἔκτεινε | punct | high | |
| 28 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | D | Degree=Pos | 35 καθειστήκει | advmod | high | |
| 29 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | GAP | _ | 35 καθειστήκει | cc | high | |
| 30 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 33 ἀφείθη | mark | high | |
| 31 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C | _ | 30 πρὶν | fixed | high | Part of the temporal conjunction πρὶν ἤ. |
| 32 | Θησεὺς | Θησεύς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 ἀφείθη | nsubj | high | |
| 33 | ἀφείθη | ἀφίημι | VERB | VAPPI3S | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 35 καθειστήκει | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate clause. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 ἀφείθη | punct | high | |
| 35 | καθειστήκει | καθίστημι | VERB | V3RAI3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | parataxis | medium | Second main clause after the punctuation; pluperfect-like form, ‘had been established’. |
| 36 | πᾶσι | πᾶς | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 καθειστήκει | iobj | high | Dative of those subject to the rule. |
| 37 | φεύγειν | φεύγω | VERB | V.PAN | Aspect=Pres|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 35 καθειστήκει | xcomp | high | |
| 38 | κτείναντα | κτείνω | VERB | VAAPAMS | Aspect=Aor|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 37 φεύγειν | advcl | medium | Accusative participle with omitted/understood subject of φεύγειν. |
| 39 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C | _ | 42 θνήσκειν | cc | high | |
| 40 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | AdpType=Prep | 41 ταὐτὰ | case | high | |
| 41 | ταὐτὰ | ὁ αὐτός | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 42 θνήσκειν | obl | medium | Contraction of τὰ αὐτά, ‘the same circumstances’. |
| 42 | θνήσκειν | θνῄσκω | VERB | V.PAN | Aspect=Pres|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 37 φεύγειν | conj | high | |
| 43 | μένοντα | μένω | VERB | VPPAMS | Aspect=Pres|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 42 θνήσκειν | advcl | medium | Accusative participle with omitted/understood subject; ‘remaining/standing by’. |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 καθειστήκει | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ ἐν πρυτανείῳ καλούμενον, ἔνθα τῷ σιδήρῳ καὶ πᾶσιν ὁμοίως τοῖς ἀψύχοις δικάζουσιν, ἐπὶ τῷδε ἄρξασθαι νομίζω.
The neuter substantive τὸ ... καλούμενον is the object of νομίζω and governs the infinitive ἄρξασθαι; ἔνθα introduces a relative adverbial clause, with τῷ σιδήρῳ καὶ πᾶσιν ... τοῖς ἀψύχοις as coordinated dative objects of δικάζουσιν. The syntax of ἐπὶ τῷδε is somewhat elliptical/idiomatic; it modifies ἄρξασθαι as the point or basis of beginning.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 καλούμενον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 20 νομίζω | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R---- | _ | 4 πρυτανείῳ | case | high | |
| 4 | πρυτανείῳ | πρυτανεῖον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 καλούμενον | obl | high | |
| 5 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 19 ἄρξασθαι | obj | high | Substantivized neuter participle, with τὸ. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 5 καλούμενον | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Rel | 15 δικάζουσιν | advmod | high | Relative adverb introducing the locative clause. |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 σιδήρῳ | det | high | |
| 9 | σιδήρῳ | σίδηρος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 δικάζουσιν | iobj | medium | Dative object of δικάζουσιν; likely ‘concerning/against the iron’. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 πᾶσιν | cc | high | |
| 11 | πᾶσιν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 δικάζουσιν | iobj | high | Substantival adjective, coordinated with τῷ σιδήρῳ. |
| 12 | ὁμοίως | ὅμοιος | ADV | D-------- | _ | 15 δικάζουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 13 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἀψύχοις | det | high | |
| 14 | ἀψύχοις | ἄψυχος | ADJ | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 πᾶσιν | nmod | medium | Substantival adjective; πᾶσιν ... τοῖς ἀψύχοις means ‘all soulless things’. |
| 15 | δικάζουσιν | δικάζω | VERB | V-PPM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 ἔνθα | acl:relcl | high | Subject is implicit human plural; relative clause has ἔνθα as its locative modifier. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 15 δικάζουσιν | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R---- | _ | 18 τῷδε | case | high | |
| 18 | τῷδε | ὅδε | PRON | PD-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 19 ἄρξασθαι | obl | medium | Dative demonstrative after ἐπί; referent is contextually elliptical. |
| 19 | ἄρξασθαι | ἄρχομαι | VERB | V-2ADN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 20 νομίζω | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive governed by νομίζω. |
| 20 | νομίζω | νομίζω | VERB | V-PAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 20 νομίζω | punct | high |