Grammar parses for passage 1.28.11
Open translation for this passage
λέγεται μὲν δὴ καὶ ἄλλα τῶν ἀψύχων αὐτόματα ἐπιθεῖναι σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ τιμωρίαν ἀνθρώποις· ἔργον δὲ κάλλιστον καὶ δόξῃ φανερώτατον ὁ Καμβύσου παρέσχετο ἀκινάκης.
The first clause has an impersonal λέγεται with an accusative-and-infinitive complement; ἄλλα ... αὐτόματα is the subject of ἐπιθεῖναι and τιμωρίαν its object. In the second clause, ἀκινάκης is the subject, with παρέσχετο taking ἔργον as object and κάλλιστον/φανερώτατον as predicates; Καμβύσου is a dependent genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V3SPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive introducing an infinitival report. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G------- | _ | 1 λέγεται | discourse | high | Correlative particle, answered by δέ. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G------- | _ | 1 λέγεται | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 5 ἄλλα | cc | high | Coordinates ἄλλα with an understood prior set. |
| 5 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A----NA-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐπιθεῖναι | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural subject of ἐπιθεῖναι. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἀψύχων | det | high | Article with substantivized ἀψύχων. |
| 7 | ἀψύχων | ἄψυχος | ADJ | A----NG-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἄλλα | nmod | high | Partitive or classificatory genitive: ‘of lifeless things’. |
| 8 | αὐτόματα | αὐτόματος | ADJ | A----NA-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἄλλα | amod | high | Predicate-like adjective agreeing with ἄλλα, ‘acting of their own accord’. |
| 9 | ἐπιθεῖναι | ἐπιτίθημι | VERB | V--ANA | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | high | Aorist infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 10 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 δικαίῳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 11 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S----MD-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 δικαίῳ | det | high | Article with substantivized δικαίῳ. |
| 12 | δικαίῳ | δίκαιος | ADJ | A----MD-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 τιμωρίαν | nmod | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘the just/right’; dependent on τιμωρίαν. |
| 13 | τιμωρίαν | τιμωρία | NOUN | N----AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπιθεῖναι | obj | high | Object of ἐπιθεῖναι. |
| 14 | ἀνθρώποις | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N----MD-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 τιμωρίαν | iobj | high | Dative recipient or target of the punishment. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | U------- | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N----NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 παρέσχετο | obj | high | Object of παρέσχετο. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 24 παρέσχετο | cc | high | Contrastive coordinator linking the second clause. |
| 18 | κάλλιστον | καλός | ADJ | A----NA-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἔργον | amod | high | Superlative agreeing with ἔργον. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 21 φανερώτατον | cc | high | Coordinates the two predicative descriptions. |
| 20 | δόξῃ | δόξα | NOUN | N----FD-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 φανερώτατον | obl | medium | Dative of respect with φανερώτατον, ‘most conspicuous in reputation’. |
| 21 | φανερώτατον | φανερός | ADJ | A----NA-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἔργον | amod | medium | Superlative agreeing with ἔργον; syntactically predicative in sense. |
| 22 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S----NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἀκινάκης | det | high | Article with the proper-name subject. |
| 23 | Καμβύσου | Καμβύσης | PROPN | N----GM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἀκινάκης | nmod | medium | Dependent genitive, likely ‘of Cambyses’; exact semantic relation is context-dependent. |
| 24 | παρέσχετο | παρέχω | VERB | V3SAMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the second clause; middle voice. |
| 25 | ἀκινάκης | ἀκινάκης | NOUN | N----NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 παρέσχετο | nsubj | high | Subject, ‘the akinakes/scimitar’. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | U------- | _ | 24 παρέσχετο | punct | high |
ἔστι δὲ τοῦ Πειραιῶς πρὸς θαλάσσῃ Φρεαττύς· ἐνταῦθα οἱ πεφευγότες, ἢν ἀπελθόντας ἕτερον ἐπιλάβῃ σφᾶς ἔγκλημα, πρὸς ἀκροωμένους ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἀπὸ νεὼς ἀπολογοῦνται·
The second clause has a compressed conditional construction: ἀπελθόντας is an accusative participle within the protasis, while ἕτερον ἔγκλημα is the new charge that may be brought against them; ἀπολογοῦνται is the main predicate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 Φρεαττύς | cop | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 Φρεαττύς | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Πειραιῶς | det | high | |
| 4 | Πειραιῶς | Πειραιεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Φρεαττύς | nmod | high | Genitive of possession or specification. |
| 5 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | |
| 6 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Φρεαττύς | obl | medium | Locative/directional dative with πρός understood in the phrase. |
| 7 | Φρεαττύς | Φρεαττύς | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate nominative with εἰμί. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 Φρεαττύς | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 27 ἀπολογοῦνται | advmod | high | |
| 10 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 πεφευγότες | det | high | Substantival article. |
| 11 | πεφευγότες | φεύγω | VERB | V-RAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 27 ἀπολογοῦνται | nsubj | high | Substantivized perfect active participle. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 πεφευγότες | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | CONJ | Mood=Sub | 16 ἐπιλάβῃ | mark | high | Contracted/orthographic form of ἐάν; introduces conditional protasis. |
| 14 | ἀπελθόντας | ἀπέρχομαι | VERB | V-AAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἐπιλάβῃ | advcl | medium | Accusative participle, likely referring to the exiles; syntax is compressed. |
| 15 | ἕτερον | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἔγκλημα | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, object/subject referent of ἐπιλάβῃ. |
| 16 | ἐπιλάβῃ | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAS-3S | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 27 ἀπολογοῦνται | advcl | high | Verb of the ἤν protasis. |
| 17 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 16 ἐπιλάβῃ | obj | high | |
| 18 | ἔγκλημα | ἔγκλημα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπιλάβῃ | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐπιλάβῃ; ἕτερον modifies it. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐπιλάβῃ | punct | high | |
| 20 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 ἀκροωμένους | case | high | |
| 21 | ἀκροωμένους | ἀκροάομαι | VERB | V-PMP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 27 ἀπολογοῦνται | obl | high | Substantivized participle: those listening. |
| 22 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 γῆς | case | high | |
| 23 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 γῆς | det | high | |
| 24 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀπολογοῦνται | obl | high | Source/origin phrase modifying ἀπολογοῦνται. |
| 25 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 νεὼς | case | high | |
| 26 | νεὼς | ναῦς | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀπολογοῦνται | obl | high | Separation/source phrase: from a ship. |
| 27 | ἀπολογοῦνται | ἀπολογέομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἀπολογοῦνται | punct | high |
Τεῦκρον πρῶτον λόγος ἔχει Τελαμῶνι οὕτως ἀπολογήσασθαι μηδὲν ἐς τὸν Αἴαντος θάνατον εἰργάσθαι.
Infinitival content clause depends on ἔχει: λόγος ἔχει Τεῦκρον ... ἀπολογήσασθαι, with Τεῦκρον as accusative subject; ἀπολογήσασθαι takes Τελαμῶνι as addressee and governs the coordinated negative object μηδέν with the prepositional phrase ἐς τὸν Αἴαντος θάνατον. The final εἰργάσθαι is a complementary infinitive under μηδὲν, with implicit subject Τεῦκρον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τεῦκρον | Τεῦκρος | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπολογήσασθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitival clause. |
| 2 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | d-------- | _ | 4 ἔχει | advmod | medium | Adverbial πρώτον, ‘first/at first’; formally identical to neuter accusative adjective. |
| 3 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἔχει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔχει in the idiom λόγος ἔχει. |
| 4 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite matrix verb. |
| 5 | Τελαμῶνι | Τελαμών | PROPN | n-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπολογήσασθαι | iobj | high | Dative addressee with ἀπολογήσασθαι. |
| 6 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | d-------- | _ | 7 ἀπολογήσασθαι | advmod | high | Manner adverb modifying ἀπολογήσασθαι. |
| 7 | ἀπολογήσασθαι | ἀπολογέομαι | VERB | v--anm--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 4 ἔχει | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἔχει; Τεῦκρον is its accusative subject. |
| 8 | μηδὲν | μηδείς | PRON | p-snan--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 13 εἰργάσθαι | obj | medium | Negative indefinite pronoun, object of εἰργάσθαι; semantically ‘nothing’. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 12 θάνατον | case | high | Preposition governing τὸν ... θάνατον. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 θάνατον | det | high | Article modifying θάνατον. |
| 11 | Αἴαντος | Αἴας | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 θάνατον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on θάνατον: Ajax’s death. |
| 12 | θάνατον | θάνατος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 εἰργάσθαι | obl | high | Object of ἐς and oblique complement of εἰργάσθαι. |
| 13 | εἰργάσθαι | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | v--rnm--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 7 ἀπολογήσασθαι | xcomp | medium | Perfect middle infinitive, coordinated semantically with ἀπολογήσασθαι under the negative μηδέν; exact scope is somewhat compressed. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔχει | punct | high |
τάδε μὲν οὖν εἰρήσθω μοι τῶνδε ἕνεκα, γνῶναι ὁπόσοις μέτεστι σπουδῆς τὰ ἐς τὰ δικαστήρια·
The opening optative εἰρήσθω is a jussive/passive formulation with μοι as the dative experiencer; γνῶναι is a complementary infinitive, with ὁπόσοις μέτεστι σπουδῆς an embedded indirect-question-like clause and τὰ ἐς τὰ δικαστήρια as the subject matter of σπουδή.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τάδε | ὅδε | PRON | PD-----NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 4 εἰρήσθω | nsubj:pass | high | Neuter plural demonstrative subject of εἰρήσθω. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X--------- | _ | 4 εἰρήσθω | discourse | high | Correlative particle, anticipating οὖν. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | X--------- | _ | 4 εἰρήσθω | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | εἰρήσθω | ἐρῶ | VERB | V3SMPM--- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Jussive perfect passive optative, ‘let it have been said’; lemmatization is conventionally associated with λέγω/ἐρῶ. |
| 5 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P1-SD---- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 4 εἰρήσθω | iobj | high | Dative of speaker/interest. |
| 6 | τῶνδε | ὅδε | PRON | PD---GNA- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 7 ἕνεκα | nmod | high | Genitive governed by ἕνεκα. |
| 7 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | R--------- | _ | 9 γνῶναι | case | high | Postpositive causal/purposive adposition taking τῶνδε. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εἰρήσθω | punct | high | |
| 9 | γνῶναι | γιγνώσκω | VERB | V--ANA--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 εἰρήσθω | xcomp | high | Complementary aorist active infinitive. |
| 10 | ὁπόσοις | ὁπόσος | PRON | PQ---DNP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 11 μέτεστι | iobj | medium | Dative plural in the clause μέτεστι; quantified relative/interrogative pronoun, ‘how many people’. |
| 11 | μέτεστι | ἔνειμι | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 γνῶναι | ccomp | medium | Impersonal/possessive εἰμί compound, ‘there is a share’; ὁπόσοις is dative of participation. |
| 12 | σπουδῆς | σπουδή | NOUN | N----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 μέτεστι | nmod | high | Genitive of what one participates in, governed semantically by μέτεστι. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T---NPN--- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 σπουδῆς | nmod | medium | Substantivizing article with an omitted/nominalized expression, ‘the matters’; linked to σπουδῆς. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 16 δικαστήρια | case | high | Variant of εἰς, governing τὰ δικαστήρια. |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T---APN--- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 δικαστήρια | det | high | Article modifying δικαστήρια. |
| 16 | δικαστήρια | δικαστήριον | NOUN | N-----AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 τὰ | nmod | high | Accusative object of ἐς within the substantivized phrase τὰ ἐς τὰ δικαστήρια. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εἰρήσθω | punct | high |