Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 1.28.4

← 1.28.3 1.28.5 →

Passage 1.28.4

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5sentences parsed

107Greek tokens

3,934input tokens

8,202output tokens

Sentence 1

1.28.4 sentence 1

Tokens: 23
Input: 792
Output: 1,746
Total: 2,538

καταβᾶσι δὲ οὐκ ἐς τὴν κάτω πόλιν ἀλλʼ ὅσον ὑπὸ τὰ προπύλαια πηγή τε ὕδατός ἐστι καὶ πλησίον Ἀπόλλωνος ἱερὸν ἐν σπηλαίῳ·

The participle καταβᾶσι is a dative plural circumstantial participle with an implicit subject; οὐκ ἐς ... ἀλλʼ ὅσον ὑπὸ ... contrasts the destination/extent of descent. The coordinated predicates are πηγή ... ἐστι and (ἱερὸν) ... [ἐστι], with ἱερὸν likely coordinated subject and ἐστι shared.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καταβᾶσι	καταβαίνω	VERB	V--AAP-D--	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	16 ἐστι	advcl	medium	Circumstantial dative plural aorist participle; implicit subject.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	16 ἐστι	cc	high
3	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	D--------	Polarity=Neg	16 ἐστι	advmod	high	Negative particle.
4	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	7 πόλιν	case	high	Variant form of εἰς.
5	τὴν	ὁ	DET	L--ASF---	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 πόλιν	det	high
6	κάτω	κάτω	ADV	D--------	_	7 πόλιν	advmod	high	Adverb modifying πόλιν, ‘lower’.
7	πόλιν	πόλις	NOUN	N--ASF---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 ἐστι	obl	high	Object of directional ἐς.
8	ἀλλʼ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	C--------	_	16 ἐστι	cc	high	Adversative coordinator.
9	ὅσον	ὅσος	PRON	P--ASN---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	12 προπύλαια	obl	medium	Substantivized relative quantifier, ‘as far as’; governs the following prepositional phrase.
10	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R--------	_	12 προπύλαια	case	high	Here with accusative, indicating position/extent beneath.
11	τὰ	ὁ	DET	L--APN---	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	12 προπύλαια	det	high
12	προπύλαια	προπύλαιον	NOUN	N--APN---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 ἐστι	obl	medium	Extent/destination phrase under ἀλλʼ ὅσον; syntactically an alternative to ἐς τὴν κάτω πόλιν.
13	πηγή	πηγή	NOUN	N--NSF---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 ἐστι	nsubj	high	First coordinated nominative subject.
14	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	13 πηγή	cc	high	First member of τε ... καί coordination.
15	ὕδατός	ὕδωρ	NOUN	N--GNS---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 πηγή	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on πηγή, ‘spring of water’.
16	ἐστι	εἰμί	VERB	V-PIA-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Finite copular/existential predicate; likely shared by the coordinated nominal descriptions.
17	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	16 ἐστι	cc	high	Coordinates the second nominal predicate/subject.
18	πλησίον	πλησίον	ADV	D--------	_	20 ἱερὸν	advmod	high	Adverb, ‘near’; takes the following genitive.
19	Ἀπόλλωνος	Ἀπόλλων	PROPN	Ne-GSM---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|NameType=Giv\|Number=Sing	18 πλησίον	obl	high	Genitive complement of πλησίον.
20	ἱερὸν	ἱερόν	NOUN	N--NSN---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	16 ἐστι	nsubj	medium	Second coordinated nominative subject; neuter form can also be read adjectivally, but noun ‘sanctuary’ fits context.
21	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	22 σπηλαίῳ	case	high
22	σπηλαίῳ	σπήλαιον	NOUN	N--LSN---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 ἱερὸν	obl	high	Locative phrase modifying ἱερόν.
23	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	16 ἐστι	punct	high

Sentence 2

1.28.4 sentence 2

Tokens: 9
Input: 665
Output: 790
Total: 1,455

Κρεούσῃ δὲ θυγατρὶ Ἐρεχθέως Ἀπόλλωνα ἐνταῦθα συγγενέσθαι νομίζουσι.

Κρεούσῃ is a dative proper name in apposition to θυγατρί; the infinitival clause συγγενέσθαι Ἀπόλλωνα Κρεούσῃ is the accusative-and-infinitive complement of νομίζουσι, with ἐνταῦθα as an adverbial modifier.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Κρεούσῃ	Κρέουσα	PROPN	Ne-Fem-Dat-Sg	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	3 θυγατρὶ	appos	medium	Proper-name dative, appositional to θυγατρί; accentuated form is consistent with the name Κρέουσα.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C------	_	8 νομίζουσι	cc	high
3	θυγατρὶ	θυγάτηρ	NOUN	Nb-Fem-Dat-Sg	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 συγγενέσθαι	obl	high	Dative with συγγενέσθαι, marking the person with whom Apollo consorted.
4	Ἐρεχθέως	Ἐρεχθεύς	PROPN	Ne-Masc-Gen-Sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 θυγατρὶ	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on θυγατρί: daughter of Erechtheus.
5	Ἀπόλλωνα	Ἀπόλλων	PROPN	Ne-Masc-Acc-Sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 συγγενέσθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive συγγενέσθαι in the reported-content construction.
6	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνταῦθα	ADV	D--------	PronType=Dem	7 συγγενέσθαι	advmod	high
7	συγγενέσθαι	συγγίγνομαι	VERB	V--AMN--	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	8 νομίζουσι	ccomp	high	Aorist middle infinitive, complement of νομίζουσι.
8	νομίζουσι	νομίζω	VERB	V-PAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 νομίζουσι	punct	high

Sentence 3

1.28.4 sentence 3

Tokens: 38
Input: 982
Output: 2,911
Total: 3,893

ὡς πεμφθείη Φιλιππίδης ἐς Λακεδαίμονα ἄγγελος ἀποβεβηκότων Μήδων ἐς τὴν γῆν, ἐπανήκων δὲ Λακεδαιμονίους ὑπερβαλέσθαι φαίη τὴν ἔξοδον, εἶναι γὰρ δὴ νόμον αὐτοῖς μὴ πρότερον μαχουμένους ἐξιέναι πρὶν ἢ πλήρη τὸν κύκλον τῆς σελήνης γενέσθαι·

The passage contains reported-speech optatives and nested infinitives: φαίη governs ὑπερβαλέσθαι, while νόμον ... εἶναι introduces the rule expressed by μὴ ... ἐξιέναι πρὶν ἢ ... γενέσθαι. The form πεμφθείη is treated as aorist passive subjunctive/optative with explicit uncertainty.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	ADV	_	2 πεμφθείη	mark	medium	Introduces the reported/content clause; can also be read as a particle introducing indirect report.
2	πεμφθείη	πέμπω	VERB	V3S-AOP-SUBJ	Mood=Subj\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	17 φαίη	ccomp	medium	Aorist passive optative/subjunctive form is morphologically ambiguous in this context; clause predicate under ὡς.
3	Φιλιππίδης	Φιλιππίδης	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	2 πεμφθείη	nsubj:pass	high
4	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	5 Λακεδαίμονα	case	high
5	Λακεδαίμονα	Λακεδαίμων	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	2 πεμφθείη	obl	high	Destination of sending.
6	ἄγγελος	ἄγγελος	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	2 πεμφθείη	appos	high	Predicative/appositional description of Φιλιππίδης.
7	ἀποβεβηκότων	ἀποβαίνω	VERB	V-PAP-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	11 γῆν	acl	medium	Genitive absolute with Μήδων; perfect participle, genitive masculine plural.
8	Μήδων	Μῆδος	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 ἀποβεβηκότων	nsubj	high	Subject of the genitive absolute.
9	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	11 γῆν	case	high
10	τὴν	ὁ	DET	D-ASF	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 γῆν	det	high
11	γῆν	γῆ	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	2 πεμφθείη	obl	high	Destination in the genitive-absolute circumstance.
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	2 πεμφθείη	punct	high
13	ἐπανήκων	ἐπανήκω	VERB	V-PAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	17 φαίη	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle agreeing with Φιλιππίδης.
14	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	13 ἐπανήκων	cc	high
15	Λακεδαιμονίους	Λακεδαιμόνιος	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 ὑπερβαλέσθαι	obj	high	Substantivized ethnic adjective, object of ὑπερβαλέσθαι.
16	ὑπερβαλέσθαι	ὑπερβάλλω	VERB	V-AAM-INF	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	17 φαίη	xcomp	high	Infinitive governed by φαίη.
17	φαίη	φημί	VERB	V3S-PAO-OPT	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	2 πεμφθείη	parataxis	medium	Optative of reported speech, coordinated in narrative sequence with the preceding clause.
18	τὴν	ὁ	DET	D-ASF	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 ἔξοδον	det	high
19	ἔξοδον	ἔξοδος	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 ὑπερβαλέσθαι	obj	high	Object of ὑπερβαλέσθαι.
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	17 φαίη	punct	high
21	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAN-INF	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	24 νόμον	cop	high	Infinitive in the explanatory construction νόμον ... εἶναι.
22	γὰρ	γάρ	SCONJ	CONJ	_	24 νόμον	mark	high	Explanatory connective.
23	δὴ	δή	PART	PART	_	24 νόμον	advmod	high
24	νόμον	νόμος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 φαίη	ccomp	high	Accusative subject/predicate nominal of εἶναι within reported explanation; construction is impersonal/existential 'there is a law'.
25	αὐτοῖς	αὐτός	PRON	P-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	24 νόμον	nmod	high	Dative of possession/reference with νόμον.
26	μὴ	μή	PART	PART-NEG	Polarity=Neg	29 ἐξιέναι	advmod	high	Negates the infinitival clause.
27	πρότερον	πρότερον	ADV	ADV	Degree=Cmp	29 ἐξιέναι	advmod	high	Temporal adverb modifying ἐξιέναι.
28	μαχουμένους	μάχομαι	VERB	V-PMP-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	29 ἐξιέναι	advcl	high	Participial modifier of the implied subject of ἐξιέναι, 'while fighting'.
29	ἐξιέναι	ἔξειμι	VERB	V-PAN-INF	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	24 νόμον	xcomp	high	Infinitive dependent on νόμον ... εἶναι, expressing the content of the law.
30	πρὶν	πρίν	SCONJ	CONJ	_	37 γενέσθαι	mark	high	Temporal conjunction introducing the supplementary infinitive clause.
31	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	30 πρὶν	fixed	medium	Part of the conjunction πρὶν ἢ.
32	πλήρη	πλήρης	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 κύκλον	amod	high	Predicative adjective with τὸν κύκλον.
33	τὸν	ὁ	DET	D-ASM	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 κύκλον	det	high
34	κύκλον	κύκλος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	37 γενέσθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of γενέσθαι.
35	τῆς	ὁ	DET	D-GSF	Case=Gen\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	36 σελήνης	det	high
36	σελήνης	σελήνη	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 κύκλον	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on κύκλον.
37	γενέσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-2AM-INF	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	29 ἐξιέναι	advcl	high	Aorist infinitive after πρὶν ἢ, with accusative subject κύκλον.
38	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	17 φαίη	punct	high

Sentence 4

1.28.4 sentence 4

Tokens: 26
Input: 826
Output: 1,892
Total: 2,718

τὸν δὲ Πᾶνα ὁ Φιλιππίδης ἔλεγε περὶ τὸ ὄρος ἐντυχόντα οἱ τὸ Παρθένιον φάναι τε ὡς εὔνους Ἀθηναίοις εἴη καὶ ὅτι ἐς Μαραθῶνα ἥξει συμμαχήσων.

Infinitival report after ἔλεγε: Πᾶνα is the accusative subject of φάναι; ἐντυχόντα is a supplementary accusative participle agreeing with Πᾶνα, with οἱ as dative of encounter. The final ὅτι-clause depends on φάναι; συμμαχήσων expresses purpose/future accompaniment with ἥξει.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 Πᾶνα	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ἔλεγε	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	Πᾶνα	Πάν	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 φάναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of infinitive φάναι.
4	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 Φιλιππίδης	det	high
5	Φιλιππίδης	Φιλιππίδης	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἔλεγε	nsubj	high
6	ἔλεγε	λέγω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
7	περὶ	περί	ADP	P	_	9 ὄρος	case	high
8	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	9 ὄρος	det	high
9	ὄρος	ὄρος	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ἐντυχόντα	obl	high	Object of περί with motion/encounter expression.
10	ἐντυχόντα	ἐντυγχάνω	VERB	V-AAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	14 φάναι	advcl	medium	Supplementary accusative participle agreeing with Πᾶνα.
11	οἱ	οἱ	PRON	P-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ἐντυχόντα	iobj	high	Dative complement of ἐντυγχάνω.
12	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 Παρθένιον	det	high
13	Παρθένιον	Παρθένιον	PROPN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ἐντυχόντα	obl	high	Place name, object of περί.
14	φάναι	φημί	VERB	V-2AAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	6 ἔλεγε	ccomp	high
15	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	14 φάναι	cc	high	Coordinates the two reported assertions.
16	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	19 εἴη	mark	high	Introduces content clause.
17	εὔνους	εὔνους	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 εἴη	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with elided/copular subject Πάν.
18	Ἀθηναίοις	Ἀθηναῖος	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 εὔνους	obl	high	Dative complement of εὔνους.
19	εἴη	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAO-3S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	14 φάναι	ccomp	high	Optative in reported content.
20	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	24 ἥξει	cc	high
21	ὅτι	ὅτι	SCONJ	CONJ	_	24 ἥξει	mark	high	Introduces second content clause.
22	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	23 Μαραθῶνα	case	high
23	Μαραθῶνα	Μαραθών	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 ἥξει	obl	high	Goal of motion.
24	ἥξει	ἥκω	VERB	V-FMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Fut\|Voice=Act	14 φάναι	ccomp	high	Second reported assertion under φάναι.
25	συμμαχήσων	συμμαχέω	VERB	V-FAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Fut\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	24 ἥξει	advcl	medium	Future participle of purpose or intended accompaniment; agrees with implicit subject Πάν.
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἔλεγε	punct	high

Sentence 5

1.28.4 sentence 5

Tokens: 11
Input: 669
Output: 863
Total: 1,532

οὗτος μὲν οὖν ὁ θεὸς ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ ἀγγελίᾳ τετίμηται·

οὗτος ὁ θεός is the subject of the perfect passive τετίμηται; ἐπί with the dative expresses the occasion or basis ('on account of/in honor of this report').

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οὗτος	οὗτος	PRON	DSNMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	5 θεὸς	det	high	Demonstrative determiner modifying θεός.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	_	_	10 τετίμηται	discourse	high	Correlative particle, anticipating or balancing οὖν.
3	οὖν	οὖν	CCONJ	_	_	10 τετίμηται	cc	high	Inferential conjunction/particle.
4	ὁ	ὁ	DET	D----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 θεὸς	det	high	Article with θεός.
5	θεὸς	θεός	NOUN	N--NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 τετίμηται	nsubj:pass	high	Grammatical subject of the passive verb.
6	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	P	_	9 ἀγγελίᾳ	case	high	Preposition governing the dative phrase.
7	ταύτῃ	οὗτος	DET	PD-SDF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	9 ἀγγελίᾳ	det	high	Demonstrative determiner modifying ἀγγελίᾳ.
8	τῇ	ὁ	DET	D----SDF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	9 ἀγγελίᾳ	det	high	Article with ἀγγελίᾳ.
9	ἀγγελίᾳ	ἀγγελία	NOUN	N--DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 τετίμηται	obl	high	Dative object of ἐπί, expressing the occasion or basis of honor.
10	τετίμηται	τιμάω	VERB	V-RPI-3S	Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	medium	Perfect passive indicative; form is morphologically perfect, with present relevance. Lemma may also be conventionally represented as τιμάω.
11	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	10 τετίμηται	punct	high

← 1.28.3 1.28.5 →