Grammar parses for passage 1.28.6
Open translation for this passage
πλησίον δὲ ἱερὸν θεῶν ἐστιν ἃς καλοῦσιν Ἀθηναῖοι Σεμνάς, Ἡσίοδος δὲ Ἐρινῦς ἐν Θεογονίᾳ.
Existential εἰμί has ἱερόν as subject and θεῶν as a genitive complement; ἃς καλοῦσιν Σεμνάς is a relative clause, while the coordinated Hesiodic naming phrase is elliptical after δέ (Ἐρινῦς understood as the object/name of καλεῖν).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | ADV | _ | 3 ἱερὸν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Neuter subject of εἰσιν. |
| 4 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἱερὸν | nmod | medium | Genitive complement, likely ‘of the gods’. |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἃς | ὅς | PRON | P--RPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 7 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to θεῶν, with καλοῦσιν. |
| 7 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἱερὸν | acl:relcl | high | |
| 8 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 καλοῦσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | Σεμνάς | σεμνός | ADJ | A--APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 καλοῦσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative naming complement; substantivized feminine plural. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 καλοῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | Ἡσίοδος | Ἡσίοδος | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Ἐρινῦς | nsubj | medium | Subject of an elliptical naming clause. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 Ἐρινῦς | cc | high | Coordinates the Hesiodic alternative. |
| 13 | Ἐρινῦς | Ἐρινύς | PROPN | N--NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 ἐστιν | conj | low | Form is nominative plural; syntactically an elliptical coordinated naming predicate after Ἡσίοδος, with καλεῖν understood. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 15 Θεογονίᾳ | case | high | |
| 15 | Θεογονίᾳ | Θεογονία | PROPN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Ἐρινῦς | obl | high | Work title in dative after ἐν. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high |
πρῶτος δέ σφισιν Αἰσχύλος δράκοντας ἐποίησεν ὁμοῦ ταῖς ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ θριξὶν εἶναι· τοῖς δὲ ἀγάλμασιν οὔτε τούτοις ἔπεστιν οὐδὲν φοβερὸν οὔτε ὅσα ἄλλα κεῖται θεῶν τῶν ὑπογαίων.
Two coordinated clauses: Αἰσχύλος is subject of ἐποίησεν, with an accusative-plus-infinitive construction (δράκοντας ... εἶναι); the second clause coordinates οὔτε ... οὔτε, with ὅσα ἄλλα κεῖται as the second coordinated subject. The antecedent of τούτοις is τοῖς ἀγάλμασιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A--NSM- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Αἰσχύλος | amod | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἐποίησεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P----DP-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 6 ἐποίησεν | iobj | high | |
| 4 | Αἰσχύλος | Αἰσχύλος | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | δράκοντας | δράκων | NOUN | N--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive in an accusative-plus-infinitive construction. |
| 6 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V--IAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 εἶναι | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | L--DPF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 θριξὶν | det | high | |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 κεφαλῇ | case | high | |
| 10 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 κεφαλῇ | det | high | |
| 11 | κεφαλῇ | κεφαλή | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 θριξὶν | nmod | high | |
| 12 | θριξὶν | θρίξ | NOUN | N--DPF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 εἶναι | obl | medium | Dative of accompaniment/comparison with ὁμοῦ; ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ modifies this noun. |
| 13 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἐποίησεν | xcomp | high | |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | |
| 15 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L--DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 ἀγάλμασιν | det | high | |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἔπεστιν | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἀγάλμασιν | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἔπεστιν | obl | high | Dative of reference with ἔπεστιν. |
| 18 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἔπεστιν | cc | high | |
| 19 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | P--DPN-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 20 ἔπεστιν | obl | high | Refers back to τοῖς ἀγάλμασιν. |
| 20 | ἔπεστιν | ἔπειμι | VERB | V--PAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἐποίησεν | conj | high | |
| 21 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | P--NPN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 20 ἔπεστιν | nsubj | high | Negative subject, agreeing with singular ἔπεστιν. |
| 22 | φοβερὸν | φοβερός | ADJ | A--NSN- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 οὐδὲν | amod | high | |
| 23 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 26 κεῖται | cc | high | Coordinates the second negative member with the preceding οὔτε. |
| 24 | ὅσα | ὅσος | PRON | P---NPN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 26 κεῖται | nsubj | medium | Relative quantifier functioning as the subject of κεῖται. |
| 25 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A---NPN- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 ὅσα | amod | high | |
| 26 | κεῖται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V--PMI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 20 ἔπεστιν | conj | medium | Singular verb with a neuter plural subject, as common with neuter plural subjects. |
| 27 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ὑπογαίων | nmod | high | |
| 28 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 29 ὑπογαίων | det | high | |
| 29 | ὑπογαίων | ὑπόγαιος | ADJ | A--GPM- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 θεῶν | amod | high | |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἔπεστιν | punct | high |
κεῖται δὲ καὶ Πλούτων καὶ Ἑρμῆς καὶ Γῆς ἄγαλμα·
κεῖται is an existential/locative verb (‘is situated’), with ἄγαλμα as its neuter singular nominal subject and the deity names coordinated as its genitive possessors/specifiers; the coordination is somewhat elliptical in surface form.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεῖται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 9 ἄγαλμα | conj | high | Present middle-form verb, coordinated with the following copular nominal predicate. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κεῖται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 Πλούτων | cc | high | Coordinates the first listed deity with the following names. |
| 4 | Πλούτων | Πλούτων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἄγαλμα | nsubj | high | First coordinated nominative subject/name in the construction. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 Ἑρμῆς | cc | high | |
| 6 | Ἑρμῆς | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Πλούτων | conj | high | Coordinated with Πλούτων. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 Γῆς | cc | high | |
| 8 | Γῆς | Γῆ | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄγαλμα: statue/image of Earth. |
| 9 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Nominal predicate/subject of κεῖται; the construction means that a statue of Pluto, Hermes, and Earth lies/is situated. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἄγαλμα | punct | high |
ἐνταῦθα θύουσι μὲν ὅσοις ἐν Ἀρείῳ πάγῳ τὴν αἰτίαν ἐξεγένετο ἀπολύσασθαι, θύουσι δὲ καὶ ἄλλως ξένοι τε ὁμοίως καὶ ἀστοί.
The first clause contains a difficult relative/impersonal construction: ὅσοις ... ἐξεγένετο ἀπολύσασθαι is analyzed as a dative-linked clause with an infinitival complement, while the second θύουσι clause coordinates the general subjects ξένοι and ἀστοί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D- | PronType=Dem | 2 θύουσι | advmod | high | |
| 2 | θύουσι | θύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 2 θύουσι | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ὅσοις | ὅσος | PRON | Pronominal-A | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 10 ἐξεγένετο | obl | medium | Relative dative, likely referring to those for whom acquittal was possible. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 7 πάγῳ | case | high | |
| 6 | Ἀρείῳ | Ἄρειος | PROPN | A- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πάγῳ | amod | high | In the fixed name Ἄρειος πάγος. |
| 7 | πάγῳ | πάγος | PROPN | N- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐξεγένετο | obl | high | Proper-name expression Ἄρειος πάγος. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 αἰτίαν | det | high | |
| 9 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀπολύσασθαι | obj | high | Object of ἀπολύσασθαι. |
| 10 | ἐξεγένετο | ἐκγίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 11 ἀπολύσασθαι | csubj | medium | Impersonal/possibility construction; exact attachment of the relative clause is syntactically difficult. |
| 11 | ἀπολύσασθαι | ἀπολύω | VERB | V-ANM | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 2 θύουσι | xcomp | medium | Infinitive complement of θύουσι, with τὴν αἰτίαν as its object. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 θύουσι | punct | high | |
| 13 | θύουσι | θύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 2 θύουσι | conj | high | |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 13 θύουσι | cc | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 17 ξένοι | cc | high | Coordinates the following participant groups. |
| 16 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | D- | _ | 13 θύουσι | advmod | high | |
| 17 | ξένοι | ξένος | NOUN | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 θύουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 17 ξένοι | cc | high | Pairs ξένοι with ἀστοί. |
| 19 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | D- | _ | 13 θύουσι | advmod | medium | Likely modifies the coordinated subject phrase or the second θύουσι. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 21 ἀστοί | cc | high | |
| 21 | ἀστοί | ἀστός | NOUN | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ξένοι | conj | high | |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 θύουσι | punct | high |