Grammar parses for passage 1.28.8
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ Ἀθηναίοις καὶ ἄλλα δικαστήρια οὐκ ἐς τοσοῦτο δόξης ἥκοντα.
Existential εἰμί has postposed subject δικαστήρια; ἥκοντα agrees with δικαστήρια and takes the genitive of respect/object δόξης, with ἐς τοσοῦτο marking degree. The dative Ἀθηναίοις is an experiencer/possessor-like complement of the existential clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 δικαστήρια | cop | high | Existential present; agrees in singular with the clause understood as ‘there is/are’, despite plural δικαστήρια. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἔστι | iobj | medium | Dative of possession or affected/experiencing persons. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἄλλα | cc | high | Coordinates ἄλλα with an omitted or contextually supplied set. |
| 5 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 δικαστήρια | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘other’. |
| 6 | δικαστήρια | δικαστήριον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Postposed existential subject; accusative may reflect an impersonal/existential construction or an accusative agreement pattern in the transmitted text. |
| 7 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 ἥκοντα | advmod | high | Negates ἥκοντα. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 τοσοῦτο | case | high | Variant form of εἰς; introduces degree phrase. |
| 9 | τοσοῦτο | τοσοῦτος | PRON | A-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἥκοντα | obl | medium | Accusative degree expression with ἐς; singular neuter idiomatically marks extent. |
| 10 | δόξης | δόξα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἥκοντα | obl | medium | Genitive of respect/content with ἥκω: ‘to have attained in reputation’; syntactically dependent on the participle. |
| 11 | ἥκοντα | ἥκω | VERB | V-PAP-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 δικαστήρια | acl | high | Attributive participle agreeing with δικαστήρια: ‘not having attained’. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 δικαστήρια | punct | high |
τὸ μὲν οὖν καλούμενον παράβυστον καὶ τρίγωνον, τὸ μὲν ἐν ἀφανεῖ τῆς πόλεως ὂν καὶ ἐπʼ ἐλαχίστοις συνιόντων ἐς αὐτό, τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ σχήματος ἔχει τὰ ὀνόματα·
Appositional/explanatory noun phrase: τὸ ... καλούμενον παράβυστον καὶ τρίγωνον is resumed by τὸ μὲν ... ὄν and τὸ δὲ ... ἔχει; the participial phrases specify the two names/objects. The subject of συνιόντων is implicit people, with ἐπʼ ἐλαχίστοις describing the small number gathering.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 καλούμενον | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 4 καλούμενον | discourse | high | Correlative μὲν ... δέ. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | X | _ | 4 καλούμενον | discourse | high | |
| 4 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | V-PPNNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 28 ἔχει | nsubj | medium | Substantivized passive participle, subject of ἔχει; the following nouns are predicative/name complements. |
| 5 | παράβυστον | παράβυστος | NOUN | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 καλούμενον | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with καλούμενον. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 τρίγωνον | cc | high | |
| 7 | τρίγωνον | τρίγωνον | NOUN | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 παράβυστον | conj | medium | Second predicative name; formally adjective-derived noun. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 καλούμενον | punct | high | |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ὂν | det | high | |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 15 ὂν | discourse | high | Correlative first member. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 12 ἀφανεῖ | case | high | |
| 12 | ἀφανεῖ | ἀφανής | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ὂν | obl | high | With ἐν, 'in an inconspicuous/hidden place'. |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 πόλεως | det | high | |
| 14 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀφανεῖ | nmod | high | |
| 15 | ὂν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PPANNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 καλούμενον | conj | medium | Substantivized participle, coordinated with the main named object; τὸ μὲν marks the first explanatory member. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 19 συνιόντων | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 18 ἐλαχίστοις | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 18 | ἐλαχίστοις | ἐλάχιστος | ADJ | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 συνιόντων | obl | medium | Neuter plural dative, likely substantivized: 'with/among very few'. |
| 19 | συνιόντων | σύνειμι | VERB | V-PAPGPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 ὂν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute or loosely dependent genitive participle; implicit people are the gatherers. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 21 αὐτό | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 21 | αὐτό | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 19 συνιόντων | obl | high | Goal of συνιόντων. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ὂν | punct | high | |
| 23 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ἔχει | det | high | |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 28 ἔχει | cc | high | Second member of τὸ μὲν ... τὸ δὲ. |
| 25 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 27 σχήματος | case | high | |
| 26 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 σχήματος | det | high | |
| 27 | σχήματος | σχῆμα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ἔχει | obl | high | Source/basis phrase: 'from the shape'. |
| 28 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 29 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 30 ὀνόματα | det | high | |
| 30 | ὀνόματα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 ἔχει | obj | high | |
| 31 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἔχει | punct | high |
βατραχιοῦν δὲ καὶ φοινικιοῦν ἀπὸ χρωμάτων τὸ δὲ καὶ ἐς τόδε διαμεμένηκεν ὀνομάζεσθαι.
The sentence is elliptical: βατραχιοῦν and φοινικιοῦν are substantivized color terms governed by ὀνομάζεσθαι; τὸ ... διαμεμένηκεν is an anaphoric subject, with ἀπὸ χρωμάτων indicating derivation from colors. The precise attachment of the coordinated color phrases is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | βατραχιοῦν | βατραχιόω | VERB | V--PAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ὀνομάζεσθαι | xcomp | medium | Infinitive form is morphologically verbal but functions substantivally as a color-name; exact lexical analysis is uncertain. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 βατραχιοῦν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 φοινικιοῦν | cc | high | Coordinates the two color-name infinitives. |
| 4 | φοινικιοῦν | φοινικιόω | VERB | V--PAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ὀνομάζεσθαι | xcomp | medium | Infinitive form is morphologically verbal but functions substantivally as a color-name; exact lexical analysis is uncertain. |
| 5 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 χρωμάτων | case | high | |
| 6 | χρωμάτων | χρῶμα | NOUN | N--PGN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 βατραχιοῦν | obl | medium | Genitive object of ἀπό; phrase likely applies to the color-name expressions collectively. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 διαμεμένηκεν | nsubj | high | Substantive article, anaphorically referring to the preceding matter. |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 διαμεμένηκεν | cc | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 διαμεμένηκεν | advmod | high | Adverbial καί meaning 'also/still'. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 τόδε | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 11 | τόδε | ὅδε | PRON | PD--ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 12 διαμεμένηκεν | obl | high | Temporal or deictic accusative governed by ἐς. |
| 12 | διαμεμένηκεν | διαμένω | VERB | V--XAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | ὀνομάζεσθαι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V--PMN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 12 διαμεμένηκεν | xcomp | medium | Complementary infinitive with διαμεμένηκεν; the preceding color terms are understood as the subject/content of naming. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 διαμεμένηκεν | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ μέγιστον καὶ ἐς ὃ πλεῖστοι συνίασιν, ἡλιαίαν καλοῦσιν.
The neuter article and superlative form a substantivized subject/object-like nominal phrase, coordinated with καί and resumed/apposed by ἡλιαίαν; ἐς ὃ introduces a relative clause, while πλεῖστοι is the subject of συνίασιν. The construction is somewhat elliptical, so the attachment of ἡλιαίαν is analyzed as a predicative complement of καλοῦσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 μέγιστον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 καλοῦσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | μέγιστον | μέγας | ADJ | A-SNS | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 καλοῦσιν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter superlative; syntactic subject of καλοῦσιν. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἡλιαίαν | cc | high | |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 ὃ | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 6 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P-NSNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 8 συνίασιν | obl | medium | Relative pronoun governed by ἐς; antecedent is the substantivized μέγιστον. |
| 7 | πλεῖστοι | πολύς | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 συνίασιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized masculine superlative. |
| 8 | συνίασιν | σύνειμι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 μέγιστον | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 καλοῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἡλιαίαν | ἡλιαία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 καλοῦσιν | obj | medium | Name/designation supplied as the object complement of καλοῦσιν. |
| 11 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 καλοῦσιν | punct | high |
ὁπόσα δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς φονεῦσιν, ἔστιν ἄλλα·
Elliptical/existential clause: ἄλλα is the subject of ἔστιν, while ὁπόσα introduces the contrasted set and ἐπὶ τοῖς φονεῦσιν is an oblique phrase meaning matters concerning or against the murderers.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | ADJ | AP-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 8 ἄλλα | nsubj | medium | Substantivized relative adjective: ‘as many things as’; neuter plural nominative. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 8 ἄλλα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 5 φονεῦσιν | case | high | Preposition governing the dative here. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | DA-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 φονεῦσιν | det | high | Article with substantivized participial noun φονεῦσιν. |
| 5 | φονεῦσιν | φονεύς | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἄλλα | obl | high | Dative plural, ‘the murderers’; object of ἐπί in the phrase ἐπὶ τοῖς φονεῦσιν. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἄλλα | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular verb; singular despite neuter plural subject, as common with εἰμί. |
| 8 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | PRON | AP-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 7 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter plural nominative, ‘other things’; existential subject. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔστιν | punct | high |
καὶ ἐπὶ Παλλαδίῳ καλοῦσι καὶ τοῖς ἀποκτείνασιν ἀκουσίως κρίσις καθέστηκε.
The finite verb καλοῦσι has an implicit subject and coordinates with the clause whose subject is κρίσις; ἐπὶ Παλλαδίῳ is locative, while τοῖς ἀποκτείνασιν is a substantivized dative participle, probably with κρίσις as its predicated/associated judgment. The exact attachment of the first καὶ/ἐπὶ phrase is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 καλοῦσι | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 3 Παλλαδίῳ | case | high | |
| 3 | Παλλαδίῳ | Παλλάδιον | PROPN | NEUT-3RD-DAT-SG | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 καλοῦσι | obl | medium | Locative phrase; the proper name is neuter dative singular. |
| 4 | καλοῦσι | καλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 καθέστηκε | conj | medium | Implicit subject; coordinated finite verb. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 καθέστηκε | cc | high | |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DAT-PL | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀποκτείνασιν | det | high | |
| 7 | ἀποκτείνασιν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-AAP-DAT-PL | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 κρίσις | iobj | medium | Substantivized dative aorist participle: ‘for/to those who killed’. |
| 8 | ἀκουσίως | ἀκούσιος | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 ἀποκτείνασιν | advmod | high | |
| 9 | κρίσις | κρίσις | NOUN | N-NOM-SG-F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 καθέστηκε | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | καθέστηκε | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect form with stative/resultative sense, ‘has been established’. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 καθέστηκε | punct | high |